The airway epithelium: soldier in the fight against respiratory viruses

The airway epithelium acts as a frontline defense against respiratory viruses, not only as a physical barrier and through the mucociliary apparatus but also through its immunological functions. It initiates multiple innate and adaptive immune mechanisms which are crucial for efficient antiviral responses. The interaction between respiratory viruses and airway epithelial cells results in production of antiviral substances, including type I and III interferons, lactoferrin, β-defensins, and nitric oxide, and also in production of cytokines and chemokines, which recruit inflammatory cells and influence adaptive immunity. These defense mechanisms usually result in rapid virus clearance. However, respiratory viruses elaborate strategies to evade antiviral mechanisms and immune responses. They may disrupt epithelial integrity through cytotoxic effects, increasing paracellular permeability and damaging epithelial repair mechanisms. In addition, they can interfere with immune responses by blocking interferon pathways and by subverting protective inflammatory responses toward detrimental ones. Finally, by inducing overt mucus secretion and mucostasis and by paving the way for bacterial infections, they favor lung damage and further impair host antiviral mechanisms.

Automated soldier medical readiness: Prevalence of " medically not ready" using data from the electronic soldier readiness processing system (ESRP)

Identifying accurate numbers of soldiers determined to be medically not ready after completing soldier readiness processing may help inform Army leadership about ongoing pressures on the military involved in long conflict with regular deployment. In Army soldiers screened using the SRP checklist for deployment, what is the prevalence of soldiers determined to be medically not ready? Study group. 15,289 soldiers screened at all 25 Army deployment platform sites with the eSRP checklist over a 4-month period (June 20, 2009 to October 20, 2009). The data included for analysis included age, rank, component, gender and final deployment medical readiness status from MEDPROS database. Methods.^ This information was compiled and univariate analysis using chi-square was conducted for each of the key variables by medical readiness status. Results. Descriptive epidemiology Of the total sample 1548 (9.7%) were female and 14319 (90.2%) were male. Enlisted soldiers made up 13,543 (88.6%) of the sample and officers 1,746 (11.4%). In the sample, 1533 (10.0%) were soldiers over the age of 40 and 13756 (90.0%) were age 18-40. Reserve, National Guard and Active Duty made up 1,931 (12.6%), 2,942 (19.2%) and 10,416 (68.1%) respectively. Univariate analysis. Overall 1226 (8.0%) of the soldiers screened were determined to be medically not ready for deployment. Biggest predictive factor was female gender OR (2.8; 2.57-3.28) p<0.001. Followed by enlisted rank OR (2.01; 1.60-2.53) p<0.001. Reserve component OR (1.33; 1.16-1.53) p<0.001 and Guard OR (0.37; 0.30-0.46) p<0.001. For age > 40 demonstrated OR (1.2; 1.09-1.50) p<0.003. Overall the results underscore there may be key demographic groups relating to medical readiness that can be targeted with programs and funding to improve overall military medical readiness.^

Child Soldier: ejemplo de cómo llevar las técnicas del teatro contemporáneo al aula de secundaria

Los procesos de creación contemporáneos desde la performance al happening pasando por la instalación o el vídeoarte son los idóneos en el marco de la enseñanza en secundaria y sobre todo en grupos de difícil desempeño y en circunstancias complejas, como las que aquí vamos a presentar. Nuestra propuesta es la defensa de una metodología más abierta y flexible en la enseñanza del Teatro en la actualidad, más cercana a propuestas artísticas contemporáneas. Aquí nos vamos a centrar en los inicios de un proyecto performativo, uno de los momentos más complejos y fascinantes de todo proceso escénico, artístico y didáctico.

Soldier caste-specific gene expression in the mandibular glands of Hodotermopsis japonica (Isoptera: Termopsidae)

Although “polymorphic castes” in social insects are well known as one of the most important phenomena of polyphenism, few studies of caste-specific gene expressions have been performed in social insects. To identify genes specifically expressed in the soldier caste of the Japanese damp-wood termite Hodotermopsis japonica, we employed the differential-display method using oligo(dT) and arbitrary primers, compared mRNA from the heads of mature soldiers and pseudergates (worker caste), and identified a clone (PCR product) 329 bp in length termed SOL1. Northern blot analysis showed that the SOL1 mRNA is about 1.0 kb in length and is expressed specifically in mature soldiers, but not in pseudergates, even in the presoldier induction by juvenile hormone analogue, suggesting that the product is specific for terminally differentiated soldiers. By using the method of 5′- and 3′-rapid amplification of cDNA ends, we isolated the full length of SOL1 cDNA, which contained an ORF with a putative signal peptide at the N terminus. The sequence showed no significant homology with any other known protein sequences. In situ hybridization analysis showed that SOL1 is expressed specifically in the mandibular glands. These results strongly suggest that the SOL1 gene encodes a secretory protein specifically synthesized in the mandibular glands of the soldiers. Histological observations revealed that the gland actually develops during the differentiation into the soldier caste.

The signors of the night; the story of Frá Giovanni, the soldier-monk of Venice; and of others in the "Silent city",

Mode of access: Internet.

Soldier's memorial

Rest of title: Company G, 4th Regt. Michigan Infantry, 2d Brigade, 1st Division, 4th Army corps: organized at Tecumseh, Michigan, May 16, 1861: mustered into U.S. Service for 3 years, June 20, 1861.

The trumpet-major, John Loveday : a soldier in the war with Buonaparte, and Robert his brother, first mate in the merchant service : a tale /

Mode of access: Internet.

The narrative of James Roberts, soldier in the revolutionary war and at the battle of New Orleans.

"One hundred and thirty-six copies reprinted from the apparently unique copy in the Charles E. Heartman collection of material relating to Negro culture."

The soldier's night guide for northern France, Belgium and the British Isles /

At head of title: Don't lose your way at night.

The soldier in our Civil war: a pictorial history of the conflict, 1861-1865 : illustrating the valor of the soldier as displayed on the battle-field /

"Chronological list of events (1800-[1865])" ... compiled by T. Campbell-Copeland (v. 1, p. [423]-474; v. 2, p. [393]-432) have special t.p. with imprint: New York, The J. H. Brown publishing company.

Suite from L'histoire du soldat = The soldier's tale /

Marche du soldat -- Le violon du soldat -- Petit concert -- Tango-valse-rag -- La danse du diable.

Special Forces soldier's manual for MOS 11 B (SQI S) /

Oct. 16, 1979.

Black soldier, white army : The 24th Infantry Regiment in Korea /

Includes bibliographical references (p. [275]-280) and index.

The Negro as a soldier /

Limited ed. of 250 copies.