Refugees from Vietnam

"Refugees from Vietnam" sets out to identify the social policy issues that arise when mass settlement of refugees takes place, particularly in an unfamiliar social context. It also tries to offer ways forward which would allow the resettlement process to be more successful from the viewpoint of the refugees and of the host community. The refugee group chosen as a case study for this book was that group of refugees who fled from Vietnam as "the boat people" and arrived in Britain and many other Western countries between 1979 and 1981. Since 1979 the author has been involved in the resettlement in the UK of refugees from Vietnam. She has written a number of articles on this topic. She is also the author of the book "Illiteracy and the Offender.

Exploring the factor structure of a new self- and other-oriented alcohol expectancy scale relating to sexual coercion and vulnerability

Introduction and Aim: Sexual assaults commonly involve alcohol use by the perpetrator, victim, or both. Beliefs about alcohol’s effects may impact on people’s perceptions of and responses to men and women who have had such experiences while intoxicated from alcohol. This study aimed to develop an alcohol expectancy scale that captures young adults’ beliefs about alcohol’s role in sexual aggression and victimisation. Design and Methods: Based on pilot focus groups, an initial pool of 135 alcohol expectancy items was developed, checked for readability and face validity, and administered via a cross-sectional survey to 201 male and female university students (18-25 years). Items were specified in terms of three target drinkers: self, men, and women. In addition, a social desirability measure was included. Results: Principal Axis Factoring revealed a 4-factor solution for the targets men and women and a 5-factor solution for the target self with 72 items retained. Factors related to sexual coercion, sexual vulnerability, confidence, self-centredness, and negative cognitive and behavioural effects. Social desirability issues were evident for the target self, but not for the targets men and women. Discussion and Conclusions: Young adults link alcohol’s effects with sexual vulnerabilities via perceived risky cognitions and behaviours. Due to social desirability, these expectancies may be difficult to explicate for the self but may be accessible instead via other-oriented assessment. The Sexual Coercion and Vulnerability Alcohol Expectancy Scale has potential as a tool to elucidate the established tendency for observers to excuse intoxicated sexual perpetrators while blaming intoxicated victims.

Entanglements – activism and technology: Editors' introduction

Past issues of Fibreculture have examined activist philosophies from angles such as social justice and networked organisational forms, communication rights and net neutrality debates, and the push back against precarious new media labour. Our issue extends this work by capturing the complexities associated with the use of technology in activist contexts, and offering insights into how practitioners, scholars, and the makers of digital and networked technologies do and might need to work more collaboratively and pragmatically to address social justice issues.

O cuidar de enfermeiras na Estratégia Saúde da Família diante da vulnerabilidade feminina para HIV e o contexto familiar

Este estudo tem como objeto de pesquisa as ações de cuidar da enfermeira na Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) diante da vulnerabilidade feminina para o Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV) considerando o contexto familiar. Discutir a vulnerabilidade para o HIV, ainda constitui um desafio social, principalmente considerando a mesma, a partir das relações de gênero existente em nossa sociedade no que diz respeito ao papel social e sexual de homens e mulheres no interior de suas famílias. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivos: descrever a percepção sobre o HIV no contexto familiar para a enfermeira da ESF; compreender a percepção da enfermeira da ESF sobre a vulnerabilidade feminina para o HIV no contexto familiar e analisar as ações de cuidar da enfermeira da ESF acerca da vulnerabilidade feminina. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória com abordagem qualitativa, a qual teve como sujeitos da pesquisa onze enfermeiras que foram selecionadas e atuavam na ESF no ano 2012, na Área Programática 2.2 do município do Rio de Janeiro. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas. A técnica de análise do conteúdo foi baseada em Bardin. Emergiram três categorias: a) Percepções das enfermeiras em relação ao HIV e o contexto de familiar; b) Percepções das enfermeiras em relação à vulnerabilidade feminina para o HIV; c) Ações de cuidar das enfermeiras relacionadas à vulnerabilidade feminina para o HIV considerando o contexto familiar. Constatamos que o HIV é para as enfermeiras, o determinante de uma doença grave, de difícil acompanhamento, que não tem cura, de caráter complexo e também como um agravo que impõe limites em relação a sobrevida. As enfermeiras pouco valorizam as questões de gênero e o contexto social sobre a condição de vulnerabilidade das mulheres, responsabilizando-as por sua contaminação. A prevenção do HIV é realizada em grande parte nas atividades de educação em saúde desenvolvidas pelas enfermeiras da ESF, entretanto ela não é abordada considerando especificamente cada contexto familiar e social da mulher. Os valores pessoais ainda interferem nas ações das enfermeiras, e o HIV é apontado como um agravo possuidor de estigmas tanto sociais quanto culturais. Considerando a ESF uma ação governamental que tem por objetivo a autonomia do sujeito, as mudanças de paradigmas em relação à saúde dos indivíduos, e importante aliada na minimização dos problemas de saúde pública como a vulnerabilidade para o HIV é necessário que as enfermeiras estejam mais sensibilizadas e capacitadas (educação permanente), nas questões sociais (gênero) especificas da população feminina, para que suas ações possam minimizar a vulnerabilidade ao HIV nessa população.

An Unkind Cut: Circumcision, Death and the Impact of Irish Health Policy on Asylum Seekers

Healthcare and the wider social determinants of health are the keystone of a number of complex progressive social justice issues that evoke complex emotions. As the demography of Ireland rapidly changes, the practices and expectations of some asylum seekers presents new opportunities for the providers of health service provision and reform. This paper looks at some of the emotions evoked in health care issues and draws on observations and interviews from empirical fieldwork carried out for the Health Research Board. The research was conducted both in the Adelaide and Meath Hospital, incorporating the National Children’s Hospital, Tallaght and in a number of refugee reception centres in Ireland. At one level honouring faith choices within a healthcare setting is a societal acknowledgement made to people at their most vulnerable, that the potent and cathartic transformative rituals they value are significant in mediating and managing their emotions - at another level, it is a practical and a symbolic communication of a statutory commitment to inter-culturalism and community cohesion..

Regional integration of biogas – developing an intersectoral research action plan for Northern Ireland

Bioenergy is a key component of the European Union long term energy strategy across all sectors, with a target contribution of up to 14% of the energy mix by 2020. It is estimated that there is the potential for 1TWh of primary energy from biogas per million persons in Europe, derived from agricultural by-products and waste. With an agricultural sector that accounts for 75% of land area and a large number of advanced engineering firms, Northern Ireland is a region with considerable potential for an integrated biogas industry. Northern Ireland is also heavily reliant on imported fossil fuels. Despite this, the industry is underdeveloped and there is a need for a collaborative approach from research, business and policy-makers across all sectors to optimise Northern Ireland’s abundant natural resources. ‘Developing Opportunities in Bio-Energy’ (i.e. Do Bioenergy) is a recently completed project that involved both academic and specialist industrial partners. The aim was to develop a biogas research action plan for 2020 to define priorities for intersectoral regional development, co-operation and knowledge transfer in the field of production and use of biogas. Consultations were held with regional stakeholders and working groups were established to compile supporting data, decide key objectives and implementation activities. Within the context of this study it was found that biogas from feedstocks including grass, agricultural slurry, household and industrial waste have the potential to contribute from 2.5% to 11% of Northern Ireland’s total energy consumption. The economics of on-farm production were assessed, along with potential markets and alternative uses for biogas in sectors such as transport, heat and electricity. Arising from this baseline data, a Do Bioenergy was developed. The plan sets out a strategic research agenda, and details priorities and targets for 2020. The challenge for Northern Ireland is how best to utilise the biogas – as electricity, heat or vehicle fuel and in what proportions. The research areas identified were: development of small scale solutions for biogas production and use; solutions for improved nutrient management; knowledge supporting and developing the integration of biogas into the rural economy; and future crops and bio-based products. The human resources and costs for the implementation were estimated as 80 person-years and £25 million respectively. It is also clear that the development of a robust bio-gas sector requires some reform of the regulatory regime, including a planning policy framework and a need to address social acceptance issues. The Action Plan was developed from a regional perspective but the results may be applicable to other regions in Europe and elsewhere. This paper presents the methodology, results and analysis, and discussion and key findings of the Do Bioenergy report for Northern Ireland.

Oral rehabilitation for partially dentate elders: a qualitative analysis

Aims: This study aimed to gain insight into patient’s perceptions of natural tooth loss and explored their experiences of oral rehabilitation according to a functionally orientated approach (SDA) and Removable Partial Dentures (RPD).
Study Design: For this qualitative study, a purposive sample of 15 partially dentate older patients
were recruited from Cork Dental School and Hospital. These patients had previously participated in a randomised controlled clinical trial (RCT) where they were provided with either SDA treatment using adhesive bridgework or provided with Cobalt Chromium framework RPDs. In- depth interviews were undertaken and thematic analysis was utilised to interpret the data.
Results: The findings of this study indicated strong satisfaction with SDA treatment. Patients referred to the ease in which they adapted to the adhesive prostheses as they were “lightweight”, “neat” and “fixed”. Irrespective of treatment option, patients indicated that they felt
their new prostheses were durable and an improvement on previous treatments. Most patients indicated that, previous to the RCT, they had not attended a general dentist for a number of years and only then for acute issues. They had concerns that treatment which was provided to them as part of the RCT would not be available to them in primary care. Interestingly, although they do not want their condition to dis-improve, if their prostheses failed they stated that they would not seek alternative treatment but would revert back
to adopting previous coping mechanisms.
Conclusion: This study illustrates that partially dentate older patients were very satisfied with oral rehabilitation according to a functionally orientated approach. Unfortunately they did not believe that this treatment would currently be made available to them in a primary care setting.

Évaluation des distorsions cognitives et biais de désirabilité sociale chez les agresseurs sexuels d'enfants

Rapport de stage présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de Maitre ès sciences (M.Sc.) en criminologie option intervention

Les simulations militaires pratiquées au sein d’organisations civiles au Québec : une analyse des apprentissages stratégiques, tactiques et opérationnels

La pratique de simulations militaires ne cesse de croître en popularité au sein de la population civile québécoise, et nous en savons jusqu’à maintenant très peu sur ces activités marginales et sur le risque que peuvent poser de tels entraînements. En considérant divers processus d’apprentissage, nous nous intéressons aux simulations militaires pour mieux comprendre la façon dont ces apprentissages peuvent mener à la création d’un capital préjudiciable pouvant expliquer un passage à des actes de violence extrême. Nous proposons et appuyons empiriquement une approche sociocriminologique visant à mieux comprendre ce qu’on appelle la radicalisation violente, en avançant que tout comportement délinquant doit être appris, au même titre que n’importe quel autre comportement, ce qui suggère inévitablement qu’une certaine compétence est nécessaire pour exécuter un acte délinquant. Ainsi, nous posons la question de recherche suivante : comment pourrions-nous mieux comprendre le processus menant à la commission d’un acte de violence extrême en nous intéressant aux apprentissages découlant de simulations militaires et menant au développement d’un capital préjudiciable? En utilisant une méthodologie mixte comprenant des observations, des questionnaires et des entretiens, nous faisons ressortir que l’étude de la radicalisation dans une perspective uniquement idéologique est insuffisante pour dresser un portrait complet de ce phénomène complexe. Même si nos résultats démontrent que, dans les communautés que nous avons étudiées, de nombreux affects positifs amènent les participants à adopter des comportements prosociaux, nous établissons aussi qu’ils développent un capital préjudiciable. Ces affects positifs se présentent sous différentes formes de contrôle social informel issues des normes sociales dominantes, de la pluralité des acteurs et des personnalités influentes du milieu. Quant au capital préjudiciable, il provient premièrement d’apprentissages de techniques de combat avancées pouvant faciliter la commission d’actes de violence extrême. Les participants apprennent notamment le maniement tactique d’armes à feu et d’autres engins explosifs improvisés. De plus, nous soutenons que ces activités peuvent avoir un impact sur leur jugement moral, puisqu’elles présentent plusieurs formes de banalisations pour des pratiques liées à la commission d’un acte violent. Parmi celles-ci, nous soulignons que l’activité consiste à pointer et tirer quelqu’un avec une arme de manière répétitive, alors que les participants rationalisent ces actions en utilisant un vocabulaire qui ne décrit pas concrètement les gestes violents qu’ils commettent.

Les substrats neuronaux sous-tendant le binding automatique et contrôlé en mémoire de travail dans la schizophrénie : une étude en IRMf.

Le déficit de mémoire de travail est une des caractéristiques centrales de la schizophrénie et est associé aux problèmes de fonctionnement quotidien des patients. Parmi les différents processus sous-tendus par la mémoire de travail, nous nous intéressons au binding. Le binding est un processus qui permet d’associer plusieurs informations (par exemple, associer le nom d’une personne avec son adresse). En mémoire de travail, les patients schizophrènes ne présentent pas de déficit de binding lorsque les informations sont associées involontairement. Ce type de binding est appelé binding automatique. Cependant, les informations peuvent aussi être associées sous le contrôle volontaire et attentionnel des participants, nous parlons alors de binding contrôlé. À l’heure actuelle, aucune étude n’a été effectuée sur le binding contrôlé en schizophrénie. Notre objectif est de déterminer s'il existe un déficit spécifique de binding contrôlé dans la schizophrénie, et de décrire les substrats neuronaux qui le sous-tendent. Dix-neuf patients schizophrènes et 18 sujets témoins ont effectué une tâche de binding en mémoire de travail dans un scanner IRM. Celle-ci consistait à mémoriser des mots et des positions spatiales dont l’association variait selon deux conditions. Dans la condition de binding contrôlé, les mots et les positions spatiales étaient présentés séparément et les participants devaient faire l’association entre les deux informations eux-mêmes. Dans la condition de binding automatique, les mots étaient d’emblée associés aux positions spatiales. Nos résultats suggèrent que les patients schizophrènes n’auraient pas de déficit de binding automatique alors qu’ils auraient un déficit de binding contrôlé par rapport aux sujets témoins. Le déficit de binding contrôlé serait sous-tendu par des niveaux d’activation plus faibles du cortex préfrontal dorsolatéral. Les processus contrôlés seraient altérés alors que les processus automatiques seraient préservés dans la schizophrénie.

The Ethics of Ethics Reviews in Global Health Research: Case Studies Applying a New Paradigm

With increasing calls for global health research there is growing concern regarding the ethical challenges encountered by researchers from high-income countries (HICs) working in low or middle-income countries (LMICs). There is a dearth of literature on how to address these challenges in practice. In this article, we conduct a critical analysis of three case studies of research conducted in LMICs.We apply emerging ethical guidelines and principles specific to global health research and offer practical strategies that researchers ought to consider. We present case studies in which Canadian health professional students conducted a health promotion project in a community in Honduras; a research capacity-building program in South Africa, in which Canadian students also worked alongside LMIC partners; and a community-university partnered research capacity-building program in which Ecuadorean graduate students, some working alongside Canadian students, conducted community-based health research projects in Ecuadorean communities.We examine each case, identifying ethical issues that emerged and how new ethical paradigms being promoted could be concretely applied.We conclude that research ethics boards should focus not only on protecting individual integrity and human dignity in health studies but also on beneficence and non-maleficence at the community level, explicitly considering social justice issues and local capacity-building imperatives.We conclude that researchers from HICs interested in global health research must work with LMIC partners to implement collaborative processes for assuring ethical research that respects local knowledge, cultural factors, the social determination of health, community participation and partnership, and making social accountability a paramount concern.

The Ethics of Ethics Reviews in Global Health Research: Case Studies Applying a New Paradigm

With increasing calls for global health research there is growing concern regarding the ethical challenges encountered by researchers from high-income countries (HICs) working in low or middle-income countries (LMICs). There is a dearth of literature on how to address these challenges in practice. In this article, we conduct a critical analysis of three case studies of research conducted in LMICs.We apply emerging ethical guidelines and principles specific to global health research and offer practical strategies that researchers ought to consider. We present case studies in which Canadian health professional students conducted a health promotion project in a community in Honduras; a research capacity-building program in South Africa, in which Canadian students also worked alongside LMIC partners; and a community-university partnered research capacity-building program in which Ecuadorean graduate students, some working alongside Canadian students, conducted community-based health research projects in Ecuadorean communities.We examine each case, identifying ethical issues that emerged and how new ethical paradigms being promoted could be concretely applied.We conclude that research ethics boards should focus not only on protecting individual integrity and human dignity in health studies but also on beneficence and non-maleficence at the community level, explicitly considering social justice issues and local capacity-building imperatives.We conclude that researchers from HICs interested in global health research must work with LMIC partners to implement collaborative processes for assuring ethical research that respects local knowledge, cultural factors, the social determination of health, community participation and partnership, and making social accountability a paramount concern.

Questions of Friendship and Degrees of Transnationality among Second-Generation Return Migrants to Barbados

While the academic literature has demonstrated the importance of social networks in relation to the process of migration, investigations have rarely examined in detail the personal-social adjustment issues that migrants and return migrants face. This study examines the context and types of friendship pattern that young return migrants from Britain cultivate in Barbados. The research centres on a wholly under-researched demographic groupyoung return migrants or second-generation Barbadians who have decided to return to the birthplace of their parents. The investigation is based on 51 in-depth interviews carried out with these young returnees to Barbados. Presenting a taxonomy of friendship types, it is argued that, for the 'Bajan-Brits' under study, the cultivation of new friendships is highly problematic. The research identifies what we refer to as the 'insular transnational', the 'we are different' and the 'all-inclusive transnational' friendship types among the young returnees. Our analysis also shows that problems of friendship are highly gendered, with females reporting the most problems due to what is perceived as sexual and workplace competition. It is stressed that these circumstances exemplify the essentially 'hybrid', 'liminal' and 'in-between' positionality of these second-generation migrants within contemporary Barbadian society.

A transversalidade no currículo do ensino fundamental: as questões ambientais em foco

This thesis is the result of an investigation about the transversality of the environmental issues into the daily curriculum of High Schools (from first to eighth grade). The research field was the county of Santo Antonio de Jesus in the state of Bahia, Brazil. The investigation is related with the challenge that the present model of social development and organization has put to the school institution: to bring the regular discussion about Environmental Education (EE) to the school s daily life. Facing the complexity of the socio-environmental issues and the basic functions of Education, the object of study was restricted to the identification of the challenges and paradoxes of the EE inside the curriculum organization of Politic-Pedagogic Project of the schools and the teachers daily practices. About the methodology, we adopted different references for the qualitative research: sociology, history, economy, and education. As for the investigative procedures about the teacher s practices, we related the school s daily practices to the context of the community. We also adopted several investigative procedures, such as questionnaires, interviews, observations and formative intervention. The theoretical basis was organized based on references to curriculum organization, environmental culture, teacher education and also considering the pillars of a capitalistic system that is based on consumerism and that generates social exclusion. At the initial considerations, we contextualized the contemporary environmental issues in an attempt to interpret the conditions of the EE transversality into the school s daily practices, which are still oriented to the traditional Cartesian Education. Based on the collected data, we found the reasons for the teachers dilemma and reluctances to the insertion of the environmental issues into the organization of the work plan and into the management of a school. Nevertheless, the results also signed promising possibilities to the EE tranversality, in case the curriculum of the school could be more sensible towards the cultural and social-economical issues of a community. We especially questioned The National Curriculum Parameter s (PCN), which is considered highly insufficient to inform the teachers about the environmental issues, facing the actual local conditions of social and pedagogic work. The final considerations showed the role and the importance of this research as one strategy to organize the curriculum education into the perspective of the transversality of environmental issues inside the education of both teacher and student

Contribuições e dificuldades da abordagem de questões sociocientíficas na prática de professores de ciências

Neste artigo, apresentamos os resultados de uma pesquisa sobre as contribuições e as dificuldades da abordagem de questões sociocientíficas na prática de professores de ciências em serviço. Na pesquisa realizada, de caráter qualitativo com corte crítico, a realidade é entendida como uma construção social subjetiva e intersubjetiva, marcada por um contexto histórico. A constituição dos dados foi feita no decorrer de uma disciplina sobre ensino de ciências a partir de questões sociocientíficas, desenvolvida em um curso de mestrado em ensino de química, e teve a participação de 31 professores de ciências em serviço. No intuito de garantir a validade de fidedignidade da pesquisa, foi utilizada mais de uma fonte de dados. Assim, os dados foram constituídos por meio de vários instrumentos, tais como: questionário inicial de caracterização dos participantes da pesquisa, gravações de entrevistas focais e trabalhos apresentados pelos professores sobre a abordagem de questões sociocientíficas (QSCs) em sala de aula. As análises alcançadas indicam que a abordagem de questões sociocientíficas possui um potencial considerável para a prática do professor em termos da tomada de decisão e do desenvolvimento de pensamento crítico dos alunos. O trabalho com questões sociocientíficas também exige planejamento do ensino e ações bem sustentadas, assim como a participação ativa do professor. Finalmente, são caracterizadas as dificuldades do trabalho realizado em termos pedagógicos, formativos e curriculares.