Sexual abuse and suicidality: gender differences in a large community sample of adolescents

Objective: A cross-sectional study of gender specific relationships between self-reported child sexual abuse and suicidality in a community sample of adolescents. Method: Students aged 14 years on average (N = 2,485) from 27 schools in South Australia completed a questionnaire including items on sexual abuse and suicidality, and measures of depression (Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale), hopelessness (Beck Hopelessness Scale), and family functioning (McMaster Family Assessment Device General Functioning Subscale). Data analysis included logistic regression. Results: In boys, self-report sexual abuse is strongly and independently associated with suicidal thoughts, plans, threats, deliberate self-injury, and suicide attempts, after controlling for current levels of depression, hopelessness, and family dysfunction. In girls, the relationship between sexual abuse and suicidality is mediated fully by depression, hopelessness, and family dysfunction. Girls who report current high distress about sexual abuse, however, have a threefold increased risk of suicidal thoughts and plans, compared to non-abused girls. Boys who report current high distress about sexual abuse have 10-fold increased risk for suicidal plans and threats, and 15-fold increased risk for suicide attempts, compared to non-abused boys. Fifty-five percent (n = 15) of sexually abused boys attempted suicide versus 29% (n = 17) girls. Conclusions: A history of sexual abuse should alert clinicians, professionals and caters in contact with adolescents, to greatly increased risks of suicidal behavior and attempts in boys, even in the absence of depression and hopelessness. Distress following sexual abuse, along with depression and hopelessness indicate increased risk of suicidal behavior in girls, as well as boys. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Sexual abuse in childhood and sexual dysfunction in adulthood: An Australian population-based study

This study examined self-reported adult sexual functioning in individuals reporting a history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) in a representative sample of the Australian population. A sample of 1793 persons, aged 18-59 years, were randomly selected from the electoral roll for Australian states and territories in April 2000. Respondents were interviewed about their health status and sexual experiences, including unwanted sexual experiences before the age of 16 years. More than one-third of women and approximately one-sixth of men reported a history of CSA. Women were more likely than men to report both non-penetrative and penetrative experiences of CSA. For both sexes, there was a significant association between CSA and symptoms of sexual dysfunction. In assessing the specific nature of the relationship between sexual abuse and sexual dysfunction, statistically significant associations were, in general, evident for women only. CSA was not associated with the level of physical or emotional satisfaction respondents experienced with their sexual activity. The total number of lifetime sexual partners was significantly and positively associated with CSA for females, but not for males; however, the number of sexual partners in the last year was not related to CSA. CSA in the Australian population is common and contributes to significant impairment in the sexual functioning of adults, especially women. These consequences appear not to extend to the other areas of sexual activity considered in this study.

Toward Prevention of Childhood Sexual Abuse: Preschoolers’ Knowledge of Genital Body Parts

This study examined preschool children’s knowledge of their genital and non-genital body parts. Results indicated that almost all preschool children knew the correct terms for their non-genital body parts, but few knew the correct terminology for their genitals. The importance of this skill in preventing childhood sexual abuse is discussed.

Sexual abuse protest in front of NYC Playboy Club

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Positive mental health in adults reporting sexual abuse in childhood

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a history of child sexual abuse can impact Positive Mental Health in Canadian adults and how frequency of child sexual abuse as well as perceived social support impact Positive Mental Health scores for this population. Data was collected from the Canadian Community Health Survey- Mental Health 2012 and included a sample of 20,529 adults aged 18 and older, living across ten provinces. A one-way ANOVA showed a significant difference between Positive Mental Health scores for individuals reporting a history of child sexual abuse compared to those reporting no history of child sexual abuse. A regression analysis found that reported frequency of child sexual abuse did not significantly impact Positive Mental Health scores for individuals reporting child sexual abuse. It also found that perception of social support was positively related to Positive Mental Health scores and accounted for 25% of the variance in Positive Mental Health scores for individuals reporting child sexual abuse. The implications of these findings are discussed in this study.

Legal disclosure of childhood sexual abuse: what can professionals tell us?

ABSTRACT: Purpose: This study explores how the decision to disclose Childhood Sexual Abuse (CSA) to the legal setting for adult victims is perceived by key informants, specifically factors that are believed to facilitate or prevent legal disclosure from occurring. Background: Prevalence rates of CSA are high (Pereda, Guilera, Forns & Gomez-Benito, 2009) and the negative consequences caused by the abuse acknowledged (Filipas & Ullman, 2006). Disclosure of this crime is understood to be complex and delayed disclosure recognised (Arata, 1998) but little is known about disclosure to the legal system. Rates of legal disclosure of CSA remain low and the attrition rates high (London, Bruck, Ceci & Shuman, 2005), but investigation and understanding of the contributory factors is rare. Disclosure of CSA to the legal system enables prosecution of the abuser and protection of the victim and others. Method: 10 “key informants” consisting of specialised clinicians working with adult victims of CSA were interviewed. Each informant completed an indepth interview exploring their beliefs about factors that facilitated or prevented adult victims of CSA from disclosing their experience to the legal system. Interviews were transcribed and the qualitative data subjected to Thematic Analysis. Conclusions: Two super-ordinate themes (Legal Disclosures Are Rare: “Why would they do that?” and The Anomalies: Acknowledging that this is a crime) and four sub-ordinate themes emerged from the analysis and an analytical narrative constructed. Themes emphasised the rarity of legal disclosure and the significant number of barriers adult victims of CSA perceive. Implications for clinical practice and future research are outlined.

The Impact of Childhood Sexual Abuse on Later Parenting Self-Perceptions: The Moderating Effect of Family Support

Childhood sexual abuse has been found to be a risk factor for developing negative parenting self-perceptions later in life. Given this established relationship, it is crucial to investigate factors that may mitigate negative outcomes, such as family support. The present study used secondary analysis of a dataset of 265 predominantly African-American and low-income mothers. This study examined differences in parenting self-perceptions among mothers who experienced childhood sexual abuse and those who did not. Analyses revealed that mothers who experienced childhood sexual abuse did not differ in terms of parenting self-perceptions from non-sexually-abused mothers. After controlling for depression, there was no moderating effect of family support; however, a main effect for family support was observed. The results indicate that depression plays a larger role in mothers’ parenting self-perceptions than childhood sexual abuse, and that family support is beneficial for all mothers, regardless of sexual abuse status. Clinical implications are discussed.

Predicting childhood sexual or physical abuse: a logistic regression geo-mapping approach to prevention.

This study investigates the degree to which gender, ethnicity, relationship to perpetrator, and geomapped socio-economic factors significantly predict the incidence of childhood sexual abuse, physical abuse and non- abuse. These variables are then linked to geographic identifiers using geographic information system (GIS) technology to develop a geo-mapping framework for child sexual and physical abuse prevention.

Abuso sexual na infância e adolescência: perfil das vítimas e agressores em município do sul do Brasil

Estudo descritivo e de corte transversal que objetivou conhecer as características do abuso sexual em crianças e adolescentes de zero a 14 anos, a partir dos casos registrados nos Conselhos Tutelares e programas de atendimento do município de Londrina-PR, em 2006. Os dados foram coletados por meio de formulário e posteriormente analisados por frequência (absoluta e relativa) e proporção. Dos 186 casos, as vítimas foram predominantemente do sexo feminino (74,2%) e o risco de incidência foi maior na idade de 10 anos entre as meninas (coeficiente de cinco por 1.000); 97,3% dos agressores eram do sexo masculino; maior parte dos abusos ocorreu na residência das vítimas (52,7%) e durou menos de seis meses (57%). Houve lesão corporal em 90,3% dos casos, com seqüela física e psicológica em 97,8%. O abuso sexual entre crianças e adolescentes constitui-se um problema de saúde pública, além da estreita interface com as questões policiais e jurídicas.

Característiques psicosocials i judicials dels menors implicats en denúncies d’abús sexual: ent casos valorats a l’equip d’assessorament tècnic penal de Barcelona

Característiques psicosocials i judicials dels menors víctimes d’abús sexual Els delictes contra la llibertat sexual a la infància són un greu problema social, atesa l’especial vulnerabilitat dels menors i els efectes que el delicte pot suposar en el seu desenvolupament. En el cas dels menors que arriben al sistema judicial, aquesta vulnerabilitat augmenta pel possible efecte de la victimització secundària. Aquesta recerca parteix de la necessitat de conèixer de manera objectiva les característiques dels menors presumptes víctimes d’abús sexual derivats a l’Equip d’Assessorament Tècnic Penal de Barcelona, atès que, si bé hi ha múltiples estudis descriptius amb aquest tipus de població en altres territoris nacionals o en altres països, mai no s’havia realitzat un estudi d’aquestes característiques en el servei de l’EATP. En aquest estudi es van analitzar les dades de 100 menors presumptes víctimes de delictes contra la llibertat sexual, denunciats a la província de Barcelona i derivats al nostre servei per demanda judicial durant un període d’un any. Les principals variables analitzades es van agrupar en les àrees següents: antecedents del delicte (personals i sociofamiliars), variables relacionades amb el delicte (variables judicials, del presumpte agressor i de la intervenció del nostre servei) i conseqüències judicials, personals i sociofamiliars del delicte. Els resultats de l’estudi destaquen que la majoria dels menors són nascuts a Catalunya, tenen més de nou anys i les tres quartes parts són nenes. La meitat de les famílies tenen un perfil tradicional i l’altra meitat són monoparentals o reconstituïdes; es valora un estil educatiu adequat en la majoria dels casos. Es copsa una escassa presència d’antecedents familiars significatius. En els menors predominen els trets de personalitat de submissió, conformisme i introversió, i presenten una escassa psicopatologia prèvia. Predominen els abusos sexuals crònics realitzats per una persona de l’entorn familiar del menor. En general, els testimonis dels menors sobre l’abús resulten globalment creïbles, i és molt baixa la proporció dels testimonis no creïbles. Les principals seqüeles psicològiques copsades en els menors són la simptomatologia ansiosa i posttraumàtica, i hi predominen també els sentiments de rebuig envers l’agressor.

Características psicosociales y judiciales de los menores implicados en denuncias de abuso sexual: cien casos valorados por el equipo de asesoramiento técnico penal de Barcelona

Características psicosociales y judiciales de los menores víctimas de abuso sexual El objetivo es conocer las características psicológicas, sociodemográficas y judiciales de los menores que denuncian delitos contra la libertad sexual en la provincia de Barcelona. La muestra está formada por 100 menores presuntas víctimas de delitos contra la libertad sexual denunciados en la provincia de Barcelona y atendidos por el Equipo de Asesoramiento Penal a la instancia judicial.