Perceived barriers and facilitators to increasing physical activity among people with musculoskeletal disorders : a qualitative investigation to inform intervention development

Purpose Musculoskeletal conditions can impair people’s ability to undertake physical activity as they age. The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate perceived barriers and facilitators to undertaking physical activity reported by patients accessing ambulatory hospital clinics for musculoskeletal disorders. Patients and methods A questionnaire with open-ended items was administered to patients (n=217, 73.3% of 296 eligible) from three clinics providing ambulatory services for nonsurgical treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. The survey included questions to capture the clinical and demographic characteristics of the sample. It also comprised two open-ended questions requiring qualitative responses. The first asked the participant to describe factors that made physical activity more difficult, and the second asked which factors made it easier for them to be physically active. Participants’ responses to the two open-ended questions were read, coded, and thematically analyzed independently by two researchers, with a third researcher available to arbitrate any unresolved disagreement. Results The mean (standard deviation) age of participants was 53 (15) years; n=113 (52.1%) were male. A total of 112 (51.6%) participants reported having three or more health conditions; n=140 (64.5%) were classified as overweight or obese. Five overarching themes describing perceived barriers for undertaking physical activity were "health conditions", "time restrictions", "poor physical condition", "emotional, social, and psychological barriers", and "access to exercise opportunities". Perceived physical activity facilitators were also aligned under five themes, namely "improved health state", "social, emotional, and behavioral supports", "access to exercise environment", "opportunities for physical activities", and "time availability". Conclusion It was clear from the breadth of the data that meaningful supports and interventions must be multidimensional. They should have the capacity to address a variety of physical, functional, social, psychological, motivational, environmental, lifestyle, and other perceived barriers. It would appear that for such interventions to be effective, they should be flexible enough to address a variety of specific concerns.

Exercise, Appetite Control, and Body Weight Regulation

Exercise has many health benefits and should be an effective weight loss strategy because it increases energy expenditure. However, the success of exercise in producing and sustaining weight loss is influenced by compensatory changes in energy intake and non-exercise activity, among other factors (see King et al. Obesity 15(6):1373–1383, 2007 for a detailed review). The aim of this chapter is to discuss the evidence describing the relationship between exercise and body weight regulation, with a particular focus on appetite control. Evidence is discussed which demonstrates that weight loss responses to exercise are highly variable between individuals. The mechanisms underlying the relationship between exercise, appetite and energy intake, and hence body weight are also discussed. Some people experience an increase in fasting hunger in response to 12 weeks of supervised exercise. However, this is offset by an increase in meal-related satiety in overweight and obese individuals. It is worth noting that weight loss should not be considered as the only successful outcome of an exercise program. Indeed, exercise, even in the absence of weight loss, is associated with numerous health benefits. Nevertheless, an improved understanding of compensatory responses to exercise is vital so that exercise can be more effectively used in weight management; such an understanding may assist us to devise strategies to sustain greater long-term participation in physical activity.

A pilot study of hogfish (Lachnolaimus maximus Walbaum 1792) movement in the Conch Reef Research Only Area (northern Florida Keys)

The largely sedentary behavior of many fishes on coral reefs is well established. Information on the movement behavior of individual fish, over fine temporal and spatial scales, however, continues to be limited. It is precisely this type of information that is critical for evaluating the success of marine reserves designed for the conservation and/or management of vagile fishes. In this pilot study we surgically-tagged eight hogfish (Lachnolaimus maximus Walbaum 1792) with coded-acoustic transmitters inside the Conch Reef Research Only Area (a no-take marine reserve) in the northern Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Our primary objective was to characterize the movement of L. maximus across Conch Reef in the vicinity of the reserve. All fish were captured, surgically-tagged and released in situ during a saturation mission to the Aquarius Undersea Laboratory, which is located in the center of the reserve. Movement of tagged L. maximus was recorded for up to 95 days by three acoustic receivers deployed on the seafloor. Results showed clear diel patterns in L. maximus activity and regular movement among the receivers was recorded for seven of the eight tagged fish. Fidelity of tagged fish to the area of release was high when calculated at the scale of days, while within-day fidelity was comparatively low when calculated at the scale of hours. While the number of fish departures from the array also varied, the majority of departures for seven of the eight fish did not exceed 1-hr (with the exception of one 47-day departure), suggesting that when departures occurred, the fish did not travel far. Future efforts will significantly expand the number of receivers at Conch Reef such that fish movement behavior relative to the reserve boundaries can be quantified with increased temporal and spatial resolution. (PDF contains 22 pages.)

Uptake and factors that influence the use of 'sit less, move more' occupational intervention strategies in Spanish office employees

Background: Little is known about the types of 'sit less, move more' strategies that appeal to office employees, or what factors influence their use. This study assessed the uptake of strategies in Spanish university office employees engaged in an intervention, and those factors that enabled or limited strategy uptake. Methods: The study used a mixed method design. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with academics and administrators (n = 12; 44 +/- 12 mean SD age; 6 women) at three points across the five-month intervention, and data used to identify factors that influenced the uptake of strategies. Employees who finished the intervention then completed a survey rating (n = 88; 42 +/- 8 mean SD age; 51 women) the extent to which strategies were used [never (1) to usually (4)]; additional survey items (generated from interviewee data) rated the impact of factors that enabled or limited strategy uptake [no influence (1) to very strong influence (4)]. Survey score distributions and averages were calculated and findings triangulated with interview data. Results: Relative to baseline, 67% of the sample increased step counts post intervention (n = 59); 60% decreased occupational sitting (n = 53). 'Active work tasks' and 'increases in walking intensity' were the strategies most frequently used by employees (89% and 94% sometimes or usually utilised these strategies); 'walk-talk meetings' and ` lunchtime walking groups' were the least used (80% and 96% hardly ever or never utilised these strategies). 'Sitting time and step count logging' was the most important enabler of behaviour change (mean survey score of 3.1 +/- 0.8); interviewees highlighted the motivational value of being able to view logged data through visual graphics in a dedicated website, and gain feedback on progress against set goals. 'Screen based work' (mean survey score of 3.2 +/- 0.8) was the most significant barrier limiting the uptake of strategies. Inherent time pressures and cultural norms that dictated sedentary work practices limited the adoption of 'walk-talk meetings' and ` lunch time walking groups'. Conclusions: The findings provide practical insights into which strategies and influences practitioners need to target to maximise the impact of 'sit less, move more' occupational intervention strategies.

Self-reported sitting time and physical activity: interactive associations with mental well-being and productivity in office employees

Background: Little is known about how sitting time, alone or in combination with markers of physical activity (PA), influences mental well-being and work productivity. Given the need to develop workplace PA interventions that target employees' health related efficiency outcomes; this study examined the associations between self-reported sitting time, PA, mental well-being and work productivity in office employees. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Spanish university office employees (n = 557) completed a survey measuring socio-demographics, total and domain specific (work and travel) self-reported sitting time, PA (International Physical Activity Questionnaire short version), mental well-being (Warwick-Edinburg Mental Well-Being Scale) and work productivity (Work Limitations Questionnaire). Multivariate linear regression analyses determined associations between the main variables adjusted for gender, age, body mass index and occupation. PA levels (low, moderate and high) were introduced into the model to examine interactive associations. Results: Higher volumes of PA were related to higher mental well-being, work productivity and spending less time sitting at work, throughout the working day and travelling during the week, including the weekends (p < 0.05). Greater levels of sitting during weekends was associated with lower mental well-being (p < 0.05). Similarly, more sitting while travelling at weekends was linked to lower work productivity (p < 0.05). In highly active employees, higher sitting times on work days and occupational sitting were associated with decreased mental well-being (p < 0.05). Higher sitting times while travelling on weekend days was also linked to lower work productivity in the highly active (p < 0.05). No significant associations were observed in low active employees. Conclusions: Employees' PA levels exerts different influences on the associations between sitting time, mental well-being and work productivity. The specific associations and the broad sweep of evidence in the current study suggest that workplace PA strategies to improve the mental well-being and productivity of all employees should focus on reducing sitting time alongside efforts to increase PA.

Relationship between work stress and body mass index among 45,810 female and male employees

Objective: The proportion of overweight and obese people has grown rapidly, and obesity has now been widely recognized as an important public health problem. At the came time, stress has increased in working life. The 2 problems could be connected if work stress promotes unhealthy eating habits and sedentary behavior and thereby contributes to weight gain. This study explored the association between work stress and body mass index (BMI; kg/m(2)). Methods: We used cross-sectional questionnaire data obtained from 45,810 female and male employees participating in the ongoing Finnish Public Sector Cohort Study. We constructed individual-level scores, as well as occupational- and organizational-level aggregated scores for work stress, as indicated by the demand/control model and the effort-reward imbalance model. Linear regression analyses were stratified by sex and socioeconomic status (SES) and adjusted for age, marital status, job contract, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and negative affectivity. Results: The results with the aggregated scores showed that lower job control, higher job strain, and higher effort-reward imbalance were associated with a higher BMI. In men, lower job demands were also associated with a higher BMI. These associations were not accounted for by SES, although an additional adjustment for SES attenuated the associations. The results obtained with the individual-level scores were in the same direction, but the relationships were weaker than those obtained with the aggregated scores. Conclusions: This study shows a weak association between work stress and BMI.

Atividade física e aptidão física funcional em pessoas idosas com défice cognitivo

Objetivo: Estudar os níveis de atividade física e a aptidão física funcional de pessoas idosas com défice cognitivo. Pretendemos também estudar a velocidade de processamento da informação deste grupo de pessoas. Método: Participaram no estudo 81 pessoas idosas (82.9  7.8 anos ) institucionalizadas, de ambos os sexos, sendo que 53 pessoas tinham défice cognitivo. Os dados da atividade física foram recolhidos através da acelerometria onde foi pedido a cada participante que usasse o aparelho durante 500 minutos diários, no mínimo 3 dias. Para avaliação da atividade física funcional foi utilizado a Berg Balance Scale, o Functional Reach Test e alguns testes do Senior Fitness Test. Foi ainda avaliado o tempo de reação simples. Resultados: Os participantes não cumprem com as recomendações diárias de atividade física e apresentam um comportamento sedentário muito elevado. As pessoas idosas sem défice cognitivo apresentam melhor velocidade de processamento da informação e melhores níveis de aptidão física funcional. A maioria das variáveis da aptidão física funcional correlaciona-se positivamente com a quantidade de atividade física realizada. Conclusões: Os níveis de atividade física e de aptidão física funcional, bem como a velocidade de processamento da informação são bastante baixos nas pessoas institucionalizadas com défice cognitivo; Physical activity and functional fitness in older adults with mild cognitive impairment Abstract: Objective: Study the physical activities levels and functional fitness in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. We also intend to study the processing speed from this group. Method: Eighty two nursing home residents (82.9  7.8 years), both genders, have participated in this study. Fifty three older adults had mild cognitive impairment. The data about physical activity were collected through accelerometer where it was established that each participant would have to use at least 500 minutes a day the unit for at least 3 days. Functional fitness was evaluated by Berg Balance Scale, Functional Reach Test and some test of Senior Fitness Test. It was further evaluated simple reaction time Results: The sample of this study doesn’t accomplish the recommended standars for physical activity and they have a very high sedentary behavior. Older adults without mild cognitve impariment showed to have better results ininformation processing speed and functional fitness. Most variables of functional fitness is related positively with the amount of physical activity performed. Conclusions: The functional fitness, physical activity levels and information processing speed are too low in all nursing home residente with mild cognitive impairment.

Le cannabis, le tabac et le changement d’adiposité chez les jeunes hommes et femmes : une étude longitudinale 2005-2012

Exposé de la situation : Des études menées sur les animaux démontrent que le système endocannabinoide est important dans le maintien de l’homéostasie de l’énergie et que les effets de sa modulation sont différents selon le sexe et l’exposition à la nicotine. Deux études longitudinales ont étudié l’association entre l’usage du cannabis (UC) et le changement de poids et ont obtenus des résultats contradictoires. L’objectif de ce mémoire est de décrire la modification de l’association entre l’UC et le changement de poids par la cigarette chez les jeunes hommes et femmes. Méthodes : Des donnés de 271 hommes et 319 femmes ont été obtenues dans le cadre de l’étude NICO, une cohorte prospective (1999-2013). L’indice de masse corporelle (IMC) et la circonférence de taille (CT) ont été mesurés à l’âge de 17 et 25 ans. L’UC dans la dernière année et de cigarette dans les derniers trois mois ont été auto-rapportées à 21 ans. Les associations entre l’UC et le changement d’IMC et de CT ont été modélisées dans une régression polynomiale stratifiée par sexe avec ajustement pour l’activité physique, la sédentarité et la consommation d’alcool. Résultats : Uniquement, chez les hommes, l’interaction de l’UC et cigarettes était statistiquement significative dans le model de changement IMC (p=0.004) et celui de changement de CT (p=0.043). L’UC était associé au changement d’adiposité dans une association en forme de U chez les homes non-fumeurs et chez les femmes, et dans une association en forme de U-inversé chez les hommes fumeurs. Conclusion : La cigarette semble modifier l’effet du cannabis sur le changement d’IMC et CT chez les hommes, mais pas chez les femmes.

Niveles de actividad física, condición física y tiempo en pantallas en escolares de Bogotá, Colombia: Estudio FUPRECOL

Examina la relación entre los niveles de actividad física (AF) de forma objetiva, la condición física (CF) y el tiempo de exposición a pantallas en niños y adolescentes de Bogotá, Colombia.

Preparação e implementação de um programa de intervenção nos hábitos sedentários e na composição corporal de adolescentes obesos

RESUMO: O estágio contemplou a preparação e implementação de um programa, programa de Tratamento da Obesidade Pediátrica (TOP), direcionado para a redução da obesidade dos adolescentes. Foi desenvolvido num contexto clínico e teve o envolvimento de uma equipa multidisciplinar. Existiu um trabalho inicial ao nível da consulta de obesidade, no Hospital de Santa Maria, onde se procedeu ao recrutamento dos participantes. Seguidamente, foram dinamizadas sessões interativas, com exercício físico, com os adolescentes participantes, na Faculdade, no âmbito de um projeto de intervenção, que teve uma duração de seis meses, tendo tido início em janeiro de 2011 e terminado em junho de 2011. A componente científica esteve presente no estágio através da avaliação objetiva do impacte da implementação do programa TOP. No presente estudo, foi avaliado o impacte nos hábitos sedentários dos adolescentes e como objetivo secundário, pretendeu-se analisar a associação entre as atividades sedentárias e a composição corporal. Os resultados do estudo indicam uma descida significativa do peso e de todos os perímetros corporais dos participantes na amostra, bem como do tempo sedentário avaliado por acelerometria, do início para o final da intervenção. Não existiram correlações entre as alterações da composição corporal e as modificações do comportamento sedentário. ABSTRACT: The training incorporated the preparation and the implementation of an exercise program — program Tratamento da Obesidade Pediátrica (TOP) — focused on the decreasing of adolescence obesity. It was developed in a clinic context and it had the involvement of a multidisciplinary team. The work began in Hospital de Santa Maria with the obesity appointment where the participants were recruited. After, the intervention was developed in the Faculty with exercise sessions. The intervention had duration of six months. It began on January and finished on June, in year 2011. The training had a scientific character through the objetive evaluation of the implementation’s impact of the program TOP. This study analysed the impact on sedentary behavior in obese adolescents. Its secondary goal was to analyse the association between the sedentary activities and the body composition. This study’s results demonstrate that the weight and all the circumferences decreased significantly in sample’s participants, as well the sedentary time estimated by accelerometry, in response to the exercise program. There were not correlations between the alterations of the body composition and the modifications of the sedentary behavior.

Skolsköterskors uppfattning av samspelet mellan psykisk hälsa och fysisk aktivitet utifrån deras arbete med högstadieelever : En empirisk kvalitativ intervjustudie med fenomenografisk ansats

Bakgrund: Många barn uppvisar symtom på psykisk ohälsa, samtidigt visar studier att barn får en alltmer stillasittande fritid. Exakt hur den fysiska aktiviteten påverkar den psykiska hälsan är oklart då det är en komplex fråga. I sitt arbete erhåller skolsköterskor nära relationer med barn och de får på så vis en inblick i hur den psykiska samt fysiska hälsan ser ut. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa hur samspelet mellan psykisk hälsa och fysisk aktivitet uppfattas av skolsköterskor utifrån deras erfarenhet i elevhälsan bland högstadieelever. Metod: En empirisk kvalitativ intervjustudie med fenomenografisk ansats. Undersökningsgruppen bestod av åtta stycken skolsköterskor i Karlstads kommun som arbetar med elever på högstadiet. Huvudresultat: Skolsköterskorna hade en gemensam erfarenhet av att många barn har en dålig psykisk hälsa och att detta främst observeras bland flickor. De delade även uppfattningen av att den fysiska aktiviteten minskar bland barn. Något som framkom av skolsköterskornas berättelser var att kraven inom idrotten uppfattas av många barn som allt för höga. Konklusion: Många barn upplever allt för höga krav inom idrotten vilket kan leda till psykisk ohälsa hos vissa barn och framförallt bland flickor. För att få barn att öka sin fysiska aktivitet är det viktigt att se över synsättet inom idrotten så att det blir den roliga, sociala och avslappnande aktivitet den är tänkt att vara.

Resistência da artéria carótida e autônima funcional em mulheres idosas

High carotid artery resistance indices in the elderly arise mainly as a result of harmful daily lifestyle behavior and poor eating habits. The aim of this multidisciplinary study was to assess and correlate carotid artery resistance and functional autonomy in elderly women. A descriptive, exploratory cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample comprising 27 women, enrolled in pastoral programs in the city of Teresina, Brazil. Carotid artery resistance was assessed by a high-resolution Doppler ultrasound device and functional autonomy was evaluated through five protocol tests of the Latin American Development Group for the Elderly (GDLAM), simulating activities of daily life. The data were analyzed by the Shapiro-Wilk test and the correlation by Spearman s test, considering a p-value of <0.05. The sample consisted of women with mean age and standard deviation of (68.67 ± 4.52) years, respectively and carotid resistance index of (0.71 ± 0.07). The general index value of functional autonomy classified the elderly of the study group as weak in the performance of activities of daily living (30.46 ± 6.31). The general index of functional autonomy showed a high level of sedentary behavior in the group studied (p < 0.01). The sample was classified as weak in the performance of activities of daily life. The correlation coefficient between the carotid resistance index and the general GDLAM index was r = 0.998 and p = 0.000, showing a significant correlation. The elderly women assessed had a high carotid artery resistance index and low functional autonomy; a positive correlation was found between the dependent variables studied. To perform this study we formed a team composed of a nurse, who helped in organizing the sample and performing the examinations; a radiologist, who conducted the Doppler examinations; an angiologist, who collaborated in interpreting examination data; in addition to two physical education professors and two physical therapists, who applied the functional autonomy tests and conducted the 34 research along elderly health lines, contributing thus to the multidisciplinary character, fundamental for carrying out the study

Validação do questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ) através da acelerometria em idosas

Physical activity is one of the main components of a healthy lifestyle, responsible for many health benefits. Despite being considered important for both disease prevention and health promotion there is high prevalence of sedentary behavior in the elderly population. Questionnaires are practical and feasible instruments for assessing levels of physical activity. However, they may have limitations in older age ranges. Accelerometers, movement sensors that make physical activity data more objective, emerge as reliable measuring devices. Aim: Determine the validity of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) adapted for elderly with accelerometry in elderly women. Methods: 57 elderly women, with mean age of 66.05 ± 5.98 years who took part in hypertension control and physical activity incentive programs were assessed in relation to objective and subjective measures of physical activity. The accelerometer was used for 07 consecutive days, 24 hours per day before the IPAQ was applied. Data were analyzed using measures of central tendency and dispersion to characterize the sample according to variables collected. To check the validity of the data we used the Spearman correlation test, considering a significance level of p <0.05. Results: With respect to the categories of physical activity obtained by IPAQ, 46.4% developed moderate physical activity, followed by a high (30.3%) and low level (23.2%). There was a negative correlation only between self-reported time spent sitting and time spent on light activities as measured by accelerometry (r = - 0.408; p = 0.003) and mean activity level (counts/min) with physical activity levels evaluated by IPAQ (r = 0.297; p = 0.036). Conclusion: The IPAQ used in elderly women shows moderate to low validity levels according to accelerometry measures. Assessment of sedentary activities exhibited acceptable levels compared to accelerometry; however, moderate (r = 0.096; p > 0.05) to vigorous (r = 0.098; p > 0.05) activities were not correlated, demonstrating the inability of IPAQ to evaluate this type of activity in elderly women

Socioeconomic status as determinant of risk factors for overweight in adolescents

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Rastreamento dos fatores de risco para síndrome metabólica em adolescentes eutróficos e com excesso de peso

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)