110 resultados para rutin


Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Some cross-sectional and prospective studies have demonstrated a positive correlation between habitual tea consumption and bone mineral density in post-menopausal women. Rooibos tea contains no caffeine and is a rich source of flavonoids such as rutin, orientin, hyperoside and luteolin. These flavonoids have similar structures to estradiol, and therefore may act as estrogen mimics to promote favourable outcomes in bone. The overall objective of this research was to identify flavonoids that could enhance mineral content in human osteoblast Saos2 cells. Mineral was quantified by alizarin red staining and characterized by quantifying alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, cell mitochondria activity and toxicity, in addition to changes in regulatory markers of osteoblastic activity. Rutin (≥50μM), hyperoside (≥5.0μM), orientin (0.1μM-1.0μM, 15μM-100μM) and luteolin (5.0μM) enhanced mineral content. This was in part due to elevated ALP and mitochondrial activity, and lower toxicity, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and Wnt inhibitors.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Autilização de filtros ultravioletas isolados em formulações fotoprotetoras, origina produtos com proteção limitada contra as radiações solares, o que evidencia a necessidade de associar compostos bioativos. Estudos anteriores demonstraram que a rutina, um composto bioativo, interage sinergicamente com filtros solares incorporados em preparações fotoprotetoras. Portanto, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da rutina sobre a estabilidade físico-química e funcional de emulsões fotoprotetoras. 16 formulações foram desenvolvidas, submetidas ao teste de estabilidade preliminar e caracterizadas de acordo com o pH, perfil reológico e eficácia fotoprotetora in vitro . A formulação com o melhor desempenho e a formulação correspondente, sem rutina, foram submetidos ao teste de estabilidade normal. Todas as formulações apresentaram valores de pH compatível com a pele e comportamento reológico semelhante. A formulação F16 e a mesma formulação, sem rutina, foram submetidas ao teste de estabilidade normal e apresentaram valores de pH semelhantes e perfis reológicos que foram mantidos ao longo dos dias de análise. Aatividade antirradicalar foi estável apenas para formulações armazenadas a 5,0 ± 0,5°C. A eficácia fotoprotetora demonstrou resultados semelhantes entre ambas as formulações, que também foi observado em todos os dias de análise. Em conclusão, rutina não influenciou a fotoestabilidade da formulação sob as condições adotadas.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The interaction between four flavonoids (catechin, epicatechin, rutin and quercetin) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated using tryptophan fluorescence quenching. Quenching constants were determined using the Stern-Volmer equation to provide a measure of the binding affinity between the flavonoids and BSA. The binding affinity was found to be strongest for quercetin, and ranked in the order quercetin>rutin>epicatechin=catechin. The pH in the range of 5 to 7.4 does not affect significantly (p<0.05) the association of rutin, epicatechin and catechin with BSA, but quercetin exhibited a stronger affinity at pH 7.4 than at lower pH (p<0.05). Quercetin has a total quenching effect on BSA tryptophan fluorescence at a molar ratio of 10:1 and rutin at approximately 25:1. However, epicatechin and catechin did not fully quench tryptophan fluorescence over the concentration range studied. Furthermore, the data suggested that the association between flavonoids and BSA did not change molecular conformation of BSA and that hydrogen bonding, ionic and hydrophobic interaction are equally important driving forces for protein-flavonoid association.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

There is increasing interest in the ability of diets rich in polyphenols to modulate age-related diseases and promote healthy ageing. We have conducted a pilot experiment with eight tomato varieties to correlate the total antioxidant capacity of the tomato variants with the specific constituent flavonoids present. A strong correlation was observed with the flavonol rhamnoglucoside rutin but not with other flavonoids, such as naringenin chalcone, or hydroxycinnamates, such as chlorogenic, which are also present in the tomato. To test the rigor of this correlation a second study was undertaken with a further 37 tomato varieties selected for low, medium and high rutin levels. We show that the flavonol rutin contributes to the greatest extent to the antioxidant capacity of tomatoes and suggest that this flavonoid may be a useful target for up-regulation in tomatoes in order to improve their antioxidant status.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The metabolism of chlorogenic acid., naringin, and rutin, representative members of three common families of dietary polyphenols, the hydroxycinnamates, the flavanones, and the flavonols, respectively, was studied in an in vitro mixed culture model of the human colonic microflora. Time- and concentration-dependent degradation of all three compounds was observed, which was associated with the following metabolic events after cleavage of the ester or glycosidic bond: reduction of the aliphatic double bond of the resulting hydroxycinnamate caffeic acid residue; dehydroxylation and ring fission of the heterocyclic C-ring of the resulting deglycosylated flavanone, naringenin, and of the deglycosylated flavonol, quercetin (which differed depending on the substitution). The metabolic events, their sequences, and major phenolic end products, as identified by GC-MS or LC-MS/MS, were elucidated from the structural characteristics of the investigated compounds. The major phenolic end products identified were 3-D-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid for chlorogenic acid, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid and 3-phenylpropionic acid for naringin, and 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid for rutin. The degree of degradation of the compounds studied was significantly influenced by the substrate concentration as well as individual variations in the composition of the fecal flora. The results support extensive metabolism of dietary polyphenols in the colon, depending on substrate concentration and residence time, with resultant formation of simple phenolics, which can be considered biomarkers of colonic metabolism if subsequently absorbed. It is also apparent that a relatively small number of phenolic degradation products are formed in the colon from the diverse group of natural polyphenols. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

A method for the simultaneous determination of the stilbene resveratrol, four phenolic acids (syringic, coumaric, caffeic, and gallic acids), and five flavonoids (catechin, rutin, kaempferol, myricetin, and quercetin) in wine by CE was developed and validated. The CE electrolyte composition and instrumental conditions were optimized using 2(7-3) factorial design and response surface analysis, showing sodium tetraborate, MeOH, and their interaction as the most influential variables. The optimal electrophoretic conditions, minimizing the chromatographic resolution statistic values, consisted of 17 mmol/L sodium tetraborate with 20% methanol as electrolyte, constant voltage of 25 kV, hydrodynamic injection at 50 mbar for 3 s, and temperature of 25 degrees C. The R(2) values for linearity varied from 0.994 to 0.999; LOD and LOQ were 0.1 to 0.3 mg/L and 0.4 to 0.8 mg/L, respectively. The RSDs for migration time and peak area obtained from ten consecutive injections were less than 2% and recoveries varied from 97 to 102%. The method was applied to 23 samples of inexpensive Brazilian wines, showing wide compositional variation.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Sugarcane spirit extracts of six different Brazilian woods for potential use in manufacturing aging casks were compared with similar extracts of five oak samples from different geographic origin and heat treatment regarding: (1) content of phenolics and copper; (2) radical reducing capacity and reactivity toward 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH center dot); and (3) effect on the rate of oxygen depletion rate in a peroxidating lipid model system. Total phenolic contents of the Brazilian wood extracts ranged from 0.65 (canela-sassafras) to 6.4 (jatoba) mmol(GAE) L(-1) and from 1.39 to 2.87 mmol(GAE) L(-1) for oak extracts. Flavonoids ranged from 1.54 x 10(-4) (ipe) to 6.5 x 10(-2) (oak) mmol(rutin) L(-1), and tannins from below the detection limit to 0.22 (jatoba) mmol(tannic acid) L(-1). Correlation was observed for the antioxidant capacity versus phenolics/flavonoids/tannins content, where oak extracts exhibit the highest radical scavenging capacity compared to Brazilian woods. Rate constant for radical scavenging by the extracts ranged from 4.9 x 10(3) M(-1) s(-1)(canela-sassafras) to 9.7 x 10(4) M(-1) s(-1) (oak). The oxygen consumption index showed the Brazilian woods amendoim and jatoba to be more efficient inhibitors than the oak extracts for lipid autoxidation initiated by metmyoglobin, despite that the oak extracts seem to be more efficient to scavenge DPPH center dot. No simple correlation with phenolics or copper content could be established, and a prooxidative tendency was observed for the extracts of canela-sassafras, castanheira, and louro-canela.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The CRAC assay is a direct electron transfer test of antioxidant capacity for several organic compounds. The ability of eight different compounds in reducing Cc 41 was studied by chronoamperometric measurements of the remaining Ce(3+) species. The following antioxidant classification was observed: tannic acid >> quercetin > rutin > gallic acid approximate to catechin > ascorbic acid > BHA > Trolox. These results agree with others already published and a good correlation (R(2) = 0.937) was found with the classical spectrophotometric FRAP assay. The CRAC assay is simple, fast, free from sample pretreatment and applicable to nontransparent samples.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

A method is reported for the quantification of isoorientin (using a standard addition method) and total flavonoids (expressed as rutin, using the external standard method) in passion fruit pulp (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Degener, Passifloraceae). Extraction of flavonoids was optimized by experimental design methodology, and quantitative analysis was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography with photo-diode array detection (HPLC-UV/DAD). The method was developed and validated according to ICH requirements for specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision (repeatability and intermediate precision). LOD and LOQ. Rutin was chosen as standard for the quantification of total flavonoids in order to propose a HPLC method feasible for routine analysis of the flavonoids in the passion fruit pulp. The passion fruit pulp contained 16.226 +/- 0.050 mg L(-1) of isoorientin and 158.037 +/- 0.602 mg L(-1) of total flavonoid, suggesting that P. edulis fruits may be comparable with other flavonoid food sources such as orange juice or sugarcane juice. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Bakgrund: Det är en vanlig arbetsuppgift för sjuksköterskan att följa upp effekt och eventuella biverkningar av läkemedelsbehandling för återkoppling till ordinerande läkare. I och med att sjuksköterskan i den kommunala äldrevården har en konsultativ roll, är informationen mellan henne och vårdpersonalen, som är nära patienten dygnet om, mycket viktig. Denna del av läkemedelskedjan är av central betydelse för att minska onödigt lidande för den äldre patienten i form av läkemedelsrelaterade problem. Syfte: Att kartlägga hur sjuksköterskan i kommunens äldreomsorg följer upp läkemedelsordinationer avseende effekt och biverkningar, särskilt i de fall när patienten själv inte har förmåga att uttrycka sitt mående i ord. Metod: En empirisk studie med kvantitativ ansats. En enkät utformades med frågor om vanligt förekommande arbetssituationer kring uppföljning av läkemedelsordination. Enkäten besvarades av trettiosju sjuksköterskor anställda i den kommunala äldrevården och i särskilda omsorgen, i två kommuner i Sverige. Resultat: Skriftlig rutin, hur uppföljning av läkemedelsordination ska utföras, saknades. Sjuksköterskan erhöll inte alltid direktiv från ordinerande läkare att/när/hur uppföljning skulle ske. Det var vanligt förekommande att en sjuksköterska lämnade ut läkemedel, och att en annan följde upp utfall av läkemedelsbehandlingen. Faktorer som kunde påverka resultatet av läkemedelsuppföljning var: hög arbetsbelastning på äldreboendet, frånvaro av ordinarie personal och vem av vårdpersonalen som rapporterade observationer under en uppföljningsperiod. Slutsats: För att stärka länkarna i läkemedelskedjan finns ett trängande behov av en övergripande instruktion hur sjuksköterskan ska följa upp läkemedelsbehandling

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Bakgrund: I Sverige ökade prevalensen av rupturer grad IV från 2,6% till 4,2% mellan åren 1994-2004. Årligen är det cirka tretusen kvinnor som drabbas av bristningar av grad III och IV i Sverige. Det är en stor spridning mellan Sveriges olika förlossningsavdelningar.Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva åtgärder för prevention av perinealbristningar av grad III och grad IV vid normal förlossning på samtliga förlossningsavdelningar i Sverige.Metod: Deskriptiv kartläggningsstudie med induktiv ansats. Det är en nationell studie som riktar sig till Sveriges alla förlossningsavdelningar. Endast perinealbristning av grad III och grad IV berördes.Resultat: Totalt deltog 38 av 47 (81%) av Sveriges förlossningsavdelningar i studien. Respondenterna var chefsbarnmorskor, avdelningschefer och enhetschefer. Av deltagande förlossningsavdelningar var det 12 (32%) som har någon form av vårdprogram för perinealskydd, många svarar att barnmorskorna utför perinealskydd på rutin. Dock var det inte vedertaget att alltid hålla perinealskydd vid 8% av avdelningarna. 18 avdelningar svarade JA på frågan om särskilda handgrepp användes och då uppgavs Ritgens handgrepp, det norska handgreppet och det finska handgreppet. 74 % använder sig av även andra metoder än handgrepp, framför allt värme (varma handdukar, dukar, handskar, kompresser) som hålls över perineum. Många tog upp vikten av god kommunikation och att hjälpa kvinnan att krysta i rätt tid. Förlossningsställningar som många använde sig av var sidoläge och knästående, medan andra hävdade att knästående ej användes pågrund av den ökande risken för bristningar. 71% av deltagande avdelningar får kontinuerlig utbildning och då nämndes främst workshops och utbildningsdagar.Slutsats: Metoder för att skydda perineum varierar mellan förlossningsavdelningarna i Sverige. På flera av Sveriges förlossningsavdelningar är det inte vedertaget att alltid använda perinealskydd vid normal förlossning. Vad som orsakar detta tros vara att en del barnmorskor, under utbildningen, fått lära sig att inte hålla perinealskydd.Klinisk implikation: Nationella rikitlinjer angående perinealskydd skulle vara av värde för att kunna erbjuda kvinnan vård på samma villkor landet över. Det är av stor vikt att den förlösande barnmorskan är uppmärksam på riskfaktorerna.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva sjuksköterskornas upplevelser av palliativvård i livets slutskede på särskilda boenden i kommunal vård. Metod: Studien hade kvalitativdeskriptiv design och data samlades in med hjälp av enskilda intervjuer med niosjuksköterskor och analyserades enligt Graneheim och Lundmans kvalitativa innehållsanalys.Resultatet: Studien visade fyra teman: Att ha fungerande rutiner i arbete, Att teamarbetetfungerar är viktigt, Att ha en ömsesidig relation och Att ha kompetens i palliativ vård.Slutsats: Att ha fungerande rutiner för palliativ vård medförde att all vårdpersonal kundearbeta mot samma mål och att kontinuitet skapades. Andlig vård kunde utvecklas genom attdet ska finnas rutin för utvärdering och diskussion om detta. Ett gott teamarbete förhindradesav tidsbrist och underbemanning men underlättades av stöd från kollegor. Möjlighet att byggaupp tillit i relationen, respektera den äldres värdighet och närståendes behov var viktigt för engod vårdkvalitet. Utbildning och kompetens till all vårdpersonal behövs för att höja kvaliteteninom palliativ vård.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Den här studien undersöker teoretiska definitioner av kreativitet, förhållandet mellan kreativitet och kunskap, och låtskrivares strategier för att uppnå kreativitet. Låtskrivande är den skapandeprocess som ska resultera i en färdig musikprodukt. Kreativitet innebär brytande av gamla regler och konventioner för att skapa någonting nytt. Varje musikgenre har specifika regler och konventioner för hur den ska låta och uppfattas, vilket då innebär att man måste ha kunskap om dem för att kunna skriva musik inom den valda genren. Detta kan få låtskrivarprocessen att förefalla som ickekreativ, trots att låtskrivande är känt som en konstnärlig och kreativ uttrycksform. I den här studien användes kvalitativa intervjuer för att ge svar på forskningsfrågorna. Tre erfarna och tre mindre erfarna låtskrivare intervjuades, vilka berättade om sina musikkunskaper, definitioner av kreativitet och skapandeprocesser. Resultaten visade att låtskrivarna inte uppfattade att deras musikkunskap var hämmande för deras kreativitet. Studien visade att låtskrivarna hade utvecklat specifika strategier för hur de skulle kunna skapa på rutin och få tillgång till sin kreativitet. Slutligen definierade låtskrivarna specifika faktorer som påverkade kreativiteten, som till exempel psykiska och fysiska distraktioner.  

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Flores das espécies Sambucus nigra, de origem européia, e Sambucus australis, nativa da América do Sul (Caprifoliaceae), denominadas sabugueiro e sabugueirodo- brasil, respectivamente, são utilizadas popularmente sob forma de infusão, como antiinflamatórias, laxativas e para condições febris resultantes de afecções do trato respiratório. Estudos prévios para S. nigra indicam compostos fenólicos como principais constituintes químicos, sendo estes relacionados às principais atividades biológicas avaliadas. Objetivando comparar esta espécie com Sambucus australis, foram realizadas análises botânicas macro e microscópicas das flores, identificando as principais diferenças entre as espécies, tais como o número de lóculos no ovário e presença de idioblastos cristalíferos em algumas estruturas, e observando os possíveis contaminantes (pedicelos). Também foram determinados os parâmetros farmacopéicos: cinzas totais e perda por dessecação. Após a análise química, foi escolhido o flavonóide rutina como marcador das espécies, para realizar análises quantitativas nas 31 amostras adquiridas e / ou coletadas, utilizando método de CLAE previamente validado. Soluções hidroetanólicas apresentaram maior capacidade de extração do produto alvo. Os limites mínimos de rutina observados para ambas as espécies foram de aproximadamente 0,65%. Também foram quantificados, por método espectrofotométrico, os flavonóides totais expressos em quercetina, sendo 0,93% e 1,46% os teores mínimos determinados para S.nigra e S. australis, respectivamente. O estudo da estabilidade acelerada (50°C ± 90% U.R.), avaliando a degradação dos constituintes químicos presentes permitiu sugerir a cinética de degradação de segunda ordem para da rutina nas duas espécies. Comparações de atividades biológicas das espécies foram realizadas pelos ensaios das atividades antiinflamatória (inibição do edema em pata de rato induzido por carragenina) e antioxidante (DPPH). Os resultados para o primeiro ensaio demonstraram ação equivalente em ambas as espécies para extratos hidroetanólicos a 80% (86% de inibição) e aquosos (81%), com atividade semelhante ao padrão indometacina (~83%); para a atividade antioxidante os extratos hidroetanólicos a 80% foram mais ativos (CE50 = 16 μg/ml) que os aquosos (CE50 = 27 μg/ml) em S. australis, e ambos extratos, superiores ao 28 extrato padronizado Gingko biloba (CE50 = 40 μg/ml) e aos extratos de S. nigra (CE50= 50 μg/ml – hidroetanólico e CE50= 32 μg/ml – aquoso).

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

This manuscript describes the development and validation of an ultra-fast, efficient, and high throughput analytical method based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) equipped with a photodiode array (PDA) detection system, for the simultaneous analysis of fifteen bioactive metabolites: gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, (−)-catechin, gentisic acid, (−)-epicatechin, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, m-coumaric acid, rutin, trans-resveratrol, myricetin, quercetin, cinnamic acid and kaempferol, in wines. A 50-mm column packed with 1.7-μm particles operating at elevated pressure (UHPLC strategy) was selected to attain ultra-fast analysis and highly efficient separations. In order to reduce the complexity of wine extract and improve the recovery efficiency, a reverse-phase solid-phase extraction (SPE) procedure using as sorbent a new macroporous copolymer made from a balanced ratio of two monomers, the lipophilic divinylbenzene and the hydrophilic N-vinylpyrrolidone (Oasis™ HLB), was performed prior to UHPLC–PDA analysis. The calibration curves of bioactive metabolites showed good linearity within the established range. Limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) ranged from 0.006 μg mL−1 to 0.58 μg mL−1, and from 0.019 μg mL−1 to 1.94 μg mL−1, for gallic and gentisic acids, respectively. The average recoveries ± SD for the three levels of concentration tested (n = 9) in red and white wines were, respectively, 89 ± 3% and 90 ± 2%. The repeatability expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD) was below 10% for all the metabolites assayed. The validated method was then applied to red and white wines from different geographical origins (Azores, Canary and Madeira Islands). The most abundant component in the analysed red wines was (−)-epicatechin followed by (−)-catechin and rutin, whereas in white wines syringic and p-coumaric acids were found the major phenolic metabolites. The method was completely validated, providing a sensitive analysis for bioactive phenolic metabolites detection and showing satisfactory data for all the parameters tested. Moreover, was revealed as an ultra-fast approach allowing the separation of the fifteen bioactive metabolites investigated with high resolution power within 5 min.