Liushou women’s happiness and its influencing factors in rural China

The economic development of urban cities in China has attracted a large number of labour from the rural countryside. The married migrant workers will usually leave their wives’ homes to look after the other family members and the farmland. A special term liushou women, has been created for this group of women. Among the 87 million rural residents, 47 million of them are liushou women according to the recent survey conducted by China Agricultural University. They play a crucial role in the development of rural economy and an essential role to the social stability of rural China. In this research, the factors that influence the happiness of liushou women were investigated in the Western part of China. Based on the population investigated, it was found that the financial situation, personality, government efficiency, conjugal relationship and relationship with in-laws are the significant factors influencing the happiness of liushou women. This finding demonstrates that the Chinese women are willing to sacrifice their personal interest for the interests of their families.

Socio-economic vulnerability to natural disasters in Mexico: rural poor, trade and public response

Includes bibliography

Rural governance and livelihoods systems diversification in the Western Balkans: comparative case studies of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Serbia

Agriculture is still important for socio-economic development in rural areas of Bosnia, Montenegro and Serbia (BMS). However, for sustainable rural development rural economies should be diversified so attention should be paid also to off-farm and non-farm income-generating activities. Agricultural and rural development (ARD) processes and farm activity diversification initiatives should be well governed. The ultimate objective of this work is to explore linkages between ARD governance and rural livelihoods diversification in BMS. The thesis is based on an extended secondary data analysis and surveys. Questionnaires for ARD governance and coordination were sent via email to public, civil society and international organizations. Concerning rural livelihood diversification, the field questionnaire surveys were carried out in three rural regions of BMS. Results show that local rural livelihoods are increasingly diversified but a significant share of households are still engaged in agriculture. Diversification strategies have a chance to succeed taking into consideration the three rural regions’ assets. However, rural households have to tackle many problems for developing new income-generating activities such as the lack of financial resources. Weak business skills are also a limiting factor. Fully exploiting rural economy diversification potential in BMS requires many interventions including improving rural governance, enhancing service delivery in rural areas, upgrading rural people’s human capital, strengthening rural social capital and improving physical capital, access of the rural population to finance as well as creating a favourable and enabling legal and legislative environment fostering diversification. Governance and coordination of ARD policy design, implementation and evaluation is still challenging in the three Balkan countries and this has repercussions also on the pace of rural livelihoods diversification. Therefore, there is a strong and urgent need for mobilization of all rural stakeholders and actors through appropriate governance arrangements in order to foster rural livelihoods diversification and quality of life improvement.

Entrepreneurship influential factors in development of rural tourism as diversified rural activity in Republic of Macedonia

Rural tourism is relatively new product in the process of diversification of the rural economy in Republic of Macedonia. This study used desk research and life story interviews of rural tourism entrepreneurs as qualitative research method to identify prevalent success influential factors. Further quantitative analysis was applied in order to measure the strength of influence of identified success factors. The primary data for the quantitative research was gathered using telephone questionnaire composed of 37 questions with 5-points Likert scale. The data was analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) by SmartPLS 3.1.6. Results indicated that human capital, social capital, entrepreneurial personality and external business environment are predominant influential success factors. However, human capital has non-significant direct effect on success (p 0.493) nonetheless the effect was indirect with high level of partial mediation through entrepreneurial personality as mediator (VAF 73%). Personality of the entrepreneur, social capital and business environment have direct positive affect on entrepreneurial success (p 0.001, 0.003 and 0.045 respectably). Personality also mediates the positive effect of social capital on entrepreneurial success (VAF 28%). Opposite to the theory the data showed no interaction between social and human capital on the entrepreneurial success. This research suggests that rural tourism accommodation entrepreneurs could be more successful if there is increased support in development of social capital in form of conservation of cultural heritage and natural attractions. Priority should be finding the form to encourage and support the establishment of formal and informal associations of entrepreneurs in order to improve the conditions for management and marketing of the sector. Special support of family businesses in the early stages of the operation would have a particularly positive impact on the success of rural tourism. Local infrastructure, access to financial instruments, destination marketing and entrepreneurial personality have positive effect on success.

Cooperativas, crédito estatal y desarrollo rural. Una primera aproximación a su estudio en el caso de Córdoba (1940- 1960)

En este artículo se ponen en relación los resultados del estudio sobre los incentivos materiales del accionar cooperativo con las tendencias de la economía agraria y familiar, en Córdoba, desde la década de 1940 a 1960.Los nuevos mecanismos de comercialización colectiva, en donde participaba la entidad de segundo grado FACA (Federación Argentina de Cooperativas Argentinas) y a la cual estaban asociadas las cooperativas primarias adheridas a la Federación Agraria Argentina y, el Estado - a través del Instituto Argentino de Promoción al Intercambio- aumentaban el poder de negociación de los productores rurales. Por otro lado, las políticas crediticias provinciales fueron -ya desde el inicio del período considerado- favorables al sector agrario y cooperativo. Ambos factores -planteamos- actuaron como incentivos materiales al fortalecimiento de la economía familiar. Para analizar la economía agraria de los productores familiares trabajamos con datos censales a nivel micro-regional (departamento Tercero Arriba) y contextualizamos este estudio con resultados de otras investigaciones sobre las regiones pampeanas cordobesa y nacional. Trabajamos también las prácticas cooperativas con memorias, balances y actas de las entidades de la micro-región y, realizamos una primera aproximación a las políticas crediticias provinciales a las cooperativas, a través de fuentes producidas y existentes en el Banco Provincia de Córdoba.

Cooperativas, crédito estatal y desarrollo rural. Una primera aproximación a su estudio en el caso de Córdoba (1940- 1960)

En este artículo se ponen en relación los resultados del estudio sobre los incentivos materiales del accionar cooperativo con las tendencias de la economía agraria y familiar, en Córdoba, desde la década de 1940 a 1960.Los nuevos mecanismos de comercialización colectiva, en donde participaba la entidad de segundo grado FACA (Federación Argentina de Cooperativas Argentinas) y a la cual estaban asociadas las cooperativas primarias adheridas a la Federación Agraria Argentina y, el Estado - a través del Instituto Argentino de Promoción al Intercambio- aumentaban el poder de negociación de los productores rurales. Por otro lado, las políticas crediticias provinciales fueron -ya desde el inicio del período considerado- favorables al sector agrario y cooperativo. Ambos factores -planteamos- actuaron como incentivos materiales al fortalecimiento de la economía familiar. Para analizar la economía agraria de los productores familiares trabajamos con datos censales a nivel micro-regional (departamento Tercero Arriba) y contextualizamos este estudio con resultados de otras investigaciones sobre las regiones pampeanas cordobesa y nacional. Trabajamos también las prácticas cooperativas con memorias, balances y actas de las entidades de la micro-región y, realizamos una primera aproximación a las políticas crediticias provinciales a las cooperativas, a través de fuentes producidas y existentes en el Banco Provincia de Córdoba.

Cooperativas, crédito estatal y desarrollo rural. Una primera aproximación a su estudio en el caso de Córdoba (1940- 1960)

En este artículo se ponen en relación los resultados del estudio sobre los incentivos materiales del accionar cooperativo con las tendencias de la economía agraria y familiar, en Córdoba, desde la década de 1940 a 1960.Los nuevos mecanismos de comercialización colectiva, en donde participaba la entidad de segundo grado FACA (Federación Argentina de Cooperativas Argentinas) y a la cual estaban asociadas las cooperativas primarias adheridas a la Federación Agraria Argentina y, el Estado - a través del Instituto Argentino de Promoción al Intercambio- aumentaban el poder de negociación de los productores rurales. Por otro lado, las políticas crediticias provinciales fueron -ya desde el inicio del período considerado- favorables al sector agrario y cooperativo. Ambos factores -planteamos- actuaron como incentivos materiales al fortalecimiento de la economía familiar. Para analizar la economía agraria de los productores familiares trabajamos con datos censales a nivel micro-regional (departamento Tercero Arriba) y contextualizamos este estudio con resultados de otras investigaciones sobre las regiones pampeanas cordobesa y nacional. Trabajamos también las prácticas cooperativas con memorias, balances y actas de las entidades de la micro-región y, realizamos una primera aproximación a las políticas crediticias provinciales a las cooperativas, a través de fuentes producidas y existentes en el Banco Provincia de Córdoba.

Rural Labour Market Developments in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. Factor Markets Working Paper No. 5, September 2011

The significant changes in the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of human resources in rural Macedonia can be explained by the continued trend of emigration from villages to urban areas and abroad. The intensity of emigration has altered the demographic structure and reproductive base of the rural population, along with the income of rural households. The rural and agricultural labour market faces a mismatch with respect to the unfavourable age, education and spatial distribution of the total labour force. A reduction in the participation of women in the agricultural labour force is a new feature. The overall transformation is apparent in the income structure of rural households. An increase in the share of households with mixed income sources notably stems from households that receive remittances and foreign currency funds from family members abroad. The demographic revitalisation of rural areas depends on economic revitalisation, with a more rational use of the labour force and human resources, as well as a restructuring of agricultural production and agricultural holdings. In addition, improvements are necessary in the functioning of market institutions to better meet the needs of smaller farmers and the rural economy.

Agricultural and Rural Capital Markets in the EU Candidate Countries: Croatia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Turkey. Factor Markets Working Paper No. 8, October 2011

This paper analyses agricultural and rural capital factor markets in the three European Union candidate countries: Croatia, the Former Yugoslav Republic (FYR) of Macedonia and Turkey. Aggregate capital market indicators and their dynamics, and factors driving agricultural and rural capital markets are analysed and compared in these countries. In general, agricultural and rural capital markets show similarities with general capital market developments, but agricultural and rural capital markets are facing specific credit constraints related to agricultural assets and rural fixed asset specificities, which constrain their mortgages and collateral use. Credit market imperfections have limited access to the investment credits necessary for the restructuring of small-scale individual farms. Government transfers are used to differing extents in the candidate countries, but generally tend to increase over time. Remittances and donor funds have also played an important role in agricultural and rural economy investments.

Growth and stability of rural economies in the 1980s : differences among counties /

Mode of access: Internet.

Saxton's rural hand books. containing The Horse, The Hog, The Honey bee, The Pests of the farm, Domestic fows, The Cow.

Horses; their varieties, breeding, and management in health and disease -- The hog; his originand varieties : management with a view to profit, and treatment under disease -- The hive and the honey-bee; with plain directions for obtaining a considerable annual income from this branch of rural economy -- Domestic fowl and ornamental poultry; their natural history, origin, and treatment in health and disease -- The cow: dairy husbandry and cattle breeding / by M. M. Milburn.

Rural-urban continuum codes for metro and nonmetro counties /

"April 1990"--P. iii.

Rural economic development in the 1980's : preparing for the future.

Col. map laid in.

The Illustrated annual register of rural affairs and cultivator almanac

"Containing practical suggestions for the farmer and horticulturist."

How to manual:the valuation of rural travel time savings in least developed countries (LDCs)

The manual is designed to bring out issues that are relevant in the valuation of rural travel time savings in Least Developed Countries (LDCs). It should also be relevant for other developing countries which do not have LDC status but have rural economy features typical of low income developing countries. The manual elaborates step-by-step procedures on how to design and execute studies to estimate the value of time (VoT) savings of rural travellers.