钻井废水可生化性研究及处理技术探索

钻井废水是油气井开采钻探过程中产生的废水，钻井废水成分复杂，有机物浓度高、色度高、悬浮物浓度高，水质变化大，排放点分散，不经处理排放会污染环境，破坏生态。随着石油工业的不断发展和国家环保法律法规的日益严格，钻井废水的治理也越来越受到重视。如何采用经济有效的方法处理废弃钻井液，对油气井开采业的可持续发展具有重要意义。本论文以遂宁磨153 井的钻井废水为主要研究对象，在对废水进行絮凝沉降预处理和生物法处理探索的基础上，针对钻井废水可生化性差的特点，采用水解酸化和Fenton 试剂改善钻井废水的可生化性，对反应过程进行了比较详细的考察，对可生化性改善的机理进行了探索。主要研究结论如下：1 用PFS 和PAC 配制的混合混凝剂对钻井废水COD 的去除效果比较显著，在最佳条件下COD 的去除率可达75%，且絮体沉降速度较快，出水pH 保持中性；2 水解酸化法处理钻井废水可显著改善废水的可生化性。经48 小时水解酸化处理，钻井废水的理论BOD5可提高约22 倍，表观BOD5/COD值由0.004 提高到0.034。用接触氧化反应器处理经水解酸化处理后的废水，处理效果比较稳定，COD平均去除率达35.5%；3 研究了Fenton反应中各影响因子对废水COD去除率、BOD5/COD的影响并分析其作用机制，确定了最佳条件：初始pH为4.0，H2O2/Fe2+(摩尔浓度比)为20，H2O2/COD（质量浓度比）为1，反应时间为2 个小时。此条件下，废水的COD去除率约为40%，BOD5/COD值从0.002～0.003 提高至0.15～0.2，可生化性得到很大提高。本论文的主要创新点在于：1 以成分复杂、水质变化大的气井钻井废水为研究对象，从理论BOD 和表观BOD 两方面对水解酸化过程中废水可生化性的变化进行了分析；2 对Fenton 试剂改善钻井废水可生化性的过程、主要影响因素进行了比较详细的考察。本论文的研究成果，可为生物法处理钻井废水的深入研究提供理论依据。Drilling wastewater is produced in the process of oil-gas well drilling,because of its complicated composition, high concentrate of organic compound andsuspended solid, high chroma, levity of water quality and decentralization ofdischarge point, it pollutes environment seriously if discharged without treatment.With the development of petroleum industry and the issuing of more strict laws forenvironmental protection, it has been paid more and more attention on drillingwastewater treatment. It is of great importance for the sustainable development ofoil-gas well drilling to treat drilling wastewater by economical and effective methods.In this paper, drilling wastewater of Mo No.153 well in Suining was studied asthe main object. On the basis of research on pre-treatment with flocculant andbiological treatment, and according to the character of poor biodegradability, thedrilling wastewater was treated by hydrolytic acidification and Fenton’s reagent toimprove its biodegradability. The process and mechanism of biodegradabilitychanging were investigated. The primary conclusions are:1 It is effective to treat drilling wastewater with mixing PFS and PAC asflocculant. The removal rates of COD came up to 75% under optimal conditions, thesedimentation rate of flocculation is rapid, and the pH value of treated water remainedneutral;2 The biodegradability of drilling wastewater was highly improved afterhydrolytic acidification process. The theoretic BOD5 of drilling wastewater increasedby 22 times and its detected BOD5/COD ratio increased from 0.004 to 0.034 afterhydrolytic acidification for 48 hours. The wastewater after hydrolytic acidificationwas treated by biological contact oxidation reactor. Stable treatment performance was achieved, and the average removal rates of COD came up to 35.5%;3 The effects of various affection factors on the removal efficiency of COD andBOD5/COD radio in treating drilling wastewater by Fenton’s reagent wereinvestigated and the mechanism was analyzed. The optimal conditions were: initialpH of solution was 4.0, the molar ratio of H2O2 and Fe2+ was 20, the concentrationratio of H2O2 and COD was 1 and the reaction time was 120 min. Under the aboveconditions, the removal efficiency was about 40% and the ratio of BOD5 and CODincreased from 0.002 ¡« 0.003 to 0.15 ¡« 0.2. The biodegradability of drillingwastewater was greatly improved.The innovations of this thesis are:1 The drilling wastewater was taken as the research object which hascomplicated composition and variational water quality, and the changes ofbiodegradability were analyzed from theoretic BOD and detected BOD aspects duringhydrolytic acidification process;2 The biodegradability changing process and primary affection factors of drillingwastewater treating by Fenton’s reagent were investigated.The results of this study could provide theoretic foundation for further researchon biological treatment of drilling wastewater.

黄土高原小流域雨水资源化潜力计算与评价初探

针对黄土高原地区水资源严重短缺的态势和生态环境建设的需要 ,以小流域为单元 ,以雨水资源为研究对象 ,在分析不同雨水利用形式的基础上 ,提出雨水资源化理论潜力、可实现潜力和现实潜力三种不同潜力 ,并探讨了小流域雨水资源化潜力的计算原理和办法 ,结合设立在黄土高原的11个国家攻关试验区小流域 ,初步提出雨水资源开发利用程度的评价办法。

C, N and P regeneration by a detritivorous fish, Liza haematocheila T. & S.: effects of temperature, diet and body size

Detritus, as a nutrients reservoir, affects the trophic structure and dynamics of communities and supports a greater diversity of species and longer food chains. Detritivorous fish is an important organism to regenerate the nutrients from sediments. Despite the numerous studies on the nutrients cycle in fish, only a few attempts have been made to quantify the regenerating ability. In the present study, we chose the common detritivorous fish redeye mullet as the research object. Redeye mullet is also a common poly-culture fish in China. Diet, including a commercial diet mostly used in aquaculture and a home-made diet with contents close to detritus, was used and considered as a fixed factor. Temperature was also considered as a fixed factor as much research has shown that temperature has significant effects on fish metabolism. Moreover, body size was regarded as a covariate under analysis of covariance. Three key nutrients, namely carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, were used to measure the nutrient-regenerating ability of redeye mullet under laboratory conditions. The results showed that the nutrient regeneration in percent of the consumption decreased with increasing temperature. Carbon and nitrogen regeneration of redeye mullet fed on commercial diet was lower than those of the home-made diet group, while the opposite was found for phosphorus. In each group, the amount of regenerated nutrients increased linearly with body size. Fed on the home-made diet, 5-g fish at 25 degrees C can regenerate 210.822 mg C, 37.533 mg N and 0.727 mg P per day.

叠前叠后联合反演技术及其在QHD32-6油田的应用研究

What geophysical inversion studied includes the common mathematics physical property of inversion and the constitution and appraisal method of solution in geophysics domain, i.e. using observed physical phenomenon from the earth surface to infer space changing and physical property structure of medium within the earth. Seismic inversion is a branch of geophysical inversion. The basic purpose of seismic inversion is to utilizing seismic wave propagating law in the medium underground to infer stratum structure and space distribution of physical property according to data acquisition, processing and interpretation, and then offer the vital foundation for exploratory development. Poststack inversion is convenient and swift, its acoustic impedance inversion product can reflect reservoir interior changing rule to a certain degree, but poststack data lack abundant amplitude and travel time information included in prestack data because of multiple superimpose and weaken the sensitiveness which reflecting reservoir property. Compared with poststack seismic inversion, prestack seismic inversion has better fidelity and more adequate information. Prestack seismic inversion, including waveform inversion, not only suitable for thin strata physical property inversion, it can also inverse reservoir oil-bearing ability. Prestack seismic inversion and prestack elastic impedance inversion maintain avo information, sufficiently applying seismic gathering data with different incident angle, partial angle stack, gradient and intercept seismic data cube. Prestack inversion and poststack inversion technology were studied in this dissertation. A joint inversion method which synthesize prestack elastic wave waveform inversion, prestack elastic impedance inversion and poststack inversion was proposed by making fully use of prestack inversion multiple information and relatively fast and steady characteristic of poststack inversion. Using the proposed method to extract rock physics attribute cube with clear physical significance and reflecting reservoir characterization, such as P-wave and S-wave impedance, P-wave and S-wave velocity, velocity ratio, density, Poisson ratio and Lame’s constant. Regarding loose sand reservoir in lower member of Minghuazhen formation, 32-6 south districts in Qinhuangdao,as the research object, be aimed at the different between shallow layer loose sand and deep layer tight sand, first of all, acquire physical property parameters suitable for this kind of heavy oil pool according to experimental study, establishing initial pressure and shear wave relational model; Afterwards, performing prestack elastic wave forward and inversion research, summarizing rules under the guidance of theoretical research and numerical simulation, performing elastic impedance inversion, calculating rock physics attributes; Finally, predicting sand body distribution according to rock physics parameters, and predicting favorable oil area combine well-logging materials and made good results.

基于匹配追踪方法的地震信号时频分析研究

Seismic signal is a typical non-stationary signal, whose frequency is continuously changing with time and is determined by the bandwidth of seismic source and the absorption characteristic of the media underground. The most interesting target of seismic signal’s processing and explaining is to know about the local frequency’s abrupt changing with the time, since this kind of abrupt changing is indicating the changing of the physical attributes of the media underground. As to the seismic signal’s instantaneous attributes taken from time-frequency domain, the key target is to search a effective, non-negative and fast algorithm time-frequency distribution, and transform the seismic signal into this time-frequency domain to get its instantaneous power spectrum density, and then use the process of weighted adding and average etc. to get the instantaneous attributes of seismic signal. Time-frequency analysis as a powerful tool to deal with time variant non-stationary signal is becoming a hot researching spot of modern signal processing, and also is an important method to make seismic signal’s attributes analysis. This kind of method provides joint distribution message about time domain and frequency domain, and it clearly plots the correlation of signal’s frequency changing with the time. The spectrum decomposition technique makes seismic signal’s resolving rate reach its theoretical level, and by the method of all frequency scanning and imaging the three dimensional seismic data in frequency domain, it improves and promotes the resolving abilities of seismic signal vs. geological abnormal objects. Matching pursuits method is an important way to realize signal’s self-adaptive decomposition. Its main thought is that any signal can be expressed by a series of time-frequency atoms’ linear composition. By decomposition the signal within an over completed library, the time-frequency atoms which stand for the signal itself are selected neatly and self-adaptively according to the signal’s characteristics. This method has excellent sparse decomposition characteristics, and is widely used in signal de-noising, signal coding and pattern recognizing processing and is also adaptive to seismic signal’s decomposition and attributes analysis. This paper takes matching pursuits method as the key research object. As introducing the principle and implementation techniques of matching pursuits method systematically, it researches deeply the pivotal problems of atom type’s selection, the atom dictionary’s discrete, and the most matching atom’s searching algorithm, and at the same time, applying this matching pursuits method into seismic signal’s processing by picking-up correlative instantaneous messages from time-frequency analysis and spectrum decomposition to the seismic signal. Based on the research of the theory and its correlative model examination of the adaptively signal decomposition with matching pursuit method, this paper proposes a fast optimal matching time-frequency atom’s searching algorithm aimed at seismic signal’s decomposition by frequency-dominated pursuit method and this makes the MP method pertinence to seismic signal’s processing. Upon the research of optimal Gabor atom’s fast searching and matching algorithm, this paper proposes global optimal searching method using Simulated Annealing Algorithm, Genetic Algorithm and composed Simulated Annealing and Genetic Algorithm, so as to provide another way to implement fast matching pursuit method. At the same time, aimed at the characteristics of seismic signal, this paper proposes a fast matching atom’s searching algorithm by means of designating the max energy points of complex seismic signal, searching for the most optimal atom in the neighbor area of these points according to its instantaneous frequency and instantaneous phase, and this promotes the calculating efficiency of seismic signal’s matching pursuit algorithm. According to these methods proposed above, this paper implements them by programmed calculation, compares them with some open algorithm and proves this paper’s conclusions. It also testifies the active results of various methods by the processing of actual signals. The problems need to be solved further and the aftertime researching targets are as follows: continuously seeking for more efficient fast matching pursuit algorithm and expanding its application range, and also study the actual usage of matching pursuit method.

凝析油气藏描述及开发对策研究-以莫北2油气藏为例

Gas condensate reservoir research involves not only structure sediment reservoir liquid properties characterization but also the change of the temperature field, the change of the pressure field, the change of liquid phase and the reservoir sensitivity. To develop the gas condensate reservoir effectively .we must depict the static properties of the oil and gas system ,build exact and comprehensive parameter field, predict the rule of dynamic change and do the necessary reservoir characterization development plan dynamic prediction direct production. The MoBei Oil and Gas Field is the first gas condensate reservoirs which is found by the Xinjiang Oil Field Company in ZhunGaEr basin belly.it has deserved some knowledge after prospect evaluation, the MoBei Oil and Gas Field start development ,it is one of the important development blocks of Xinjiang Oil Field Company productivity constuction. During its development , it gradually appears some problems, such as complex oil and gas phase, great change of reservoir stretch .uncertain reservoir type and scale, controling its development strategy and plan difficultly. To deserve the high efficient development and long-term stable production of the gas condensate reservoir, it is necessary to characterize it systematically and form a suit of scientific development strategy. This thesis take the MoBei zone SanGongHe sand group reservoir as research object, applied advanced log techniques ,such as the nulear magnetism log ,MDT testing .etc. After comprehensive research of loging geology information, set up a suit of methods to identify oil gas water layer .these methods can identify the gas-oil level and the oil-water level. On the basis of reasonable development object system, according fine structure interpretation and structure modeling. build any oil water column height of the reservoir accurately. Through carefully analysis of the basic theory and method of reservoir seism prediction. optimize a reservoir inversion method .technique. software fitting the research region aiming strata, set up the GR field, porosity field, Rt field, impedence field .permeability field and initial oil saturation field, generating the base of quantity reservoir characterization. Discussing the characteristic of reservoir fluid and the movement and reallocating of muti-phase fluid in reservoir. And according the material of 100 soviet gas condensate reservoir ,build the recognition method and mode of gas condensate reservoir. Building the 3D geology model ,carry on the static and production evaluation, propose the development strategy and improve plan , provide the base of increasing reserves and advancing production and enriching the prospect development theory of the gas condensate reservoi

东海榴辉岩向斜长角闪岩的转化过程

The Ultrahigh Pressure Metamorphic (UHPM) eclogite, which was resulted from deep subduction of crustal continent, is very significant due to its continental dynamic implications. Further more, this kind of rocks experienced great P-T, fluid and stresses changes during its forming and exhumation, causing mineral reactions occur intensively, which resulted in a lot of fantastic micro-texture. The micro-texture was preserved duo to a rapid exhumation of the eclogite. This PhD dissertation takes such micro-textures in 10 Donghai eclogite samples South Sulu UHPM terrene, as research object to reveal the transformation of the eclogite to amphibolite. Microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope were employed to observe the micro-texture. Basing on microprobe analysis of minerals, the ACF projections and iso-con analysis were used to uncover the mineral reactions during the transformation. Micro-texture observation (both of Microcopy and Electron Scanning Microscope), demonstrated: l.The peak mineral assemblage of the researched Donghai eclogites is garnet + omphacite + rutile (+ kyanite + aptite +coesite). 2.The transformation of the Donghai eclogite to amphibolite can be divided into two stages: The earlier one is Symplectization, resulting in the forming of diopside + albite (+magnetite) symplectite that occurred only along the boundary between two adjacent omphacite grains. Other minerals were not involved in such reaction. The latter stage is Fluid-Infiltration of the eclogite, which was caused by fluid-intrusion. The infiltration is demonstrated by amphibolization of the symplectite, decomposition of garnet and the forming of some hydrous minerals such as phengite and epidote, and resulted in an amphibole + plagioclase + phengite + epidote or ziosite assemblage. Basing on microprobe analysis of the minerals, ACF projections indicated: In the ACF diagrams, the two joint lines of peak Grt + Omp and Dio + Ab crossed at Omp projection-point, indicating that the garnet had not taken part in the forming reaction of the Dio + Ab symplectite, just like that had been pointed out by micro-texture observation. In the ACF diagrams, the hornblende + plagioclase + epidote + phengite quadrilateral intersected with Dio + Ab + Grt triangle, demonstrating that the hydrous mineral assemblage was formed by fluid infiltration through garnet, diopside and albite. Iso-con (mass-balance) analysis of the symplectization and infiltration reveals: 1.The symplectization of the omphacite has a very complex mass exchange: Some symplectite gained only silicon from its surroundings; and some one requires Ca, but provides Na to its surroundings; while other symplectite provides Ca, Mg and Fe to its surroundings. 2.The infiltration cause variable mass exchanges occurring among the garnet, diopside and albite: In some eclogite sample, no mass, except H2O, exchange occurred during the infiltration. Meanwhile, there was not any hydrous mineral except hornblende formed in the sample accordingly. In some samples, the mass exchange among the three minerals is complex: amphibolization of the diopside in a symplectite gained Al from garnet, and provided Si and Ca to its surrounding, resulting in a Si, Ca and Al-rich fluid. Correspondingly, there was a lot of phengite and ziosite occurred in the sample. In other samples, the amphibolization of a symplectite provided Fe and Mg besides Si and Ca to its surrounding while gained Al. In such kind of sample, epidote occurred within the hydrous mineral assemblage. Synthesizing the micro-texture observation, ACF analysis and iso-con analysis, we deduced the transformation procedure as following: 1. A symplectite after an omphacite was resulted by one, or two, or all of following mineral reactions together: Jd (Ca-Tsch) +SiO2=Ab (An) (1) 4NaA IS i.A+CaO=2NaAlS i308+Na20+CaAl2S 1208 (2) 2NaAlSi2OB (Jd in Omp)+CaMgSi;,0B(Dio in Omp)-2NaAlSi:,O"(Ab)+Ca0+Mg0 (3) 2(CaAl2Si0fi) (Ca-tsch in Omp)+CaFeSi2O6(Hed in 0mp)-H>2CaAl2Si208(An)+Ca0 + FeO (4) A CO2-rich fluid is suggested as cataclysm for the above reactions, which largely increased the mobility of Ca, Mg and Na resulted from reaction (2), (3) and (4). The immobile product Fe2* combined with rutile to form ilmenite, resulting in rutile + ilmenite symplectite. Or, the Fe was precipitated as hematite locally. A procedure of the fluid infiltration as following is suggested: I .A hydrous fluid intruded into the eclogite, and reacted first with garnet to form hornblende and extra Al, resulting in a hornblende film around the garnet grain and an Al-rich fluid. 2.The Al-rich fluid infiltrated through the symplectite, OH" and part of the Al in the fluid combined with Dio while some Si and Ca in the Dio were dissolved made the Dio transferred to amphibole. Meanwhile, plagioclase-type cation exchange occurred between the fluid and plagioclase in the symplectite, making the plagioclase have a higher An-content. 3.Above infiltration and cation exchange resulted in an Al, Si, Ca (and K, providing the primary hydrous fluid contain K)-rich fluid. 4.Under suitable conditions, the solute in the fluid precipitated to form phengite firstly. After the K element in the fluid was consumed up, ziosite or epidote was formed. If the fluid did not contain any K. element, only ziosite or epidote was precipitated. For those eclogites, where all omphacite had been replaced by symplectite before infiltration, neither element exchange occurred, nor did phengite or epidote form during the infiltration. At the last stage, the garnet was oxidized and breakdown: garnet + H2O = epidote + hornblende + hematite, due to more and more fluid intruding into the eclogite. At this time, all the peak minerals were replaced by amphibolite-phase ones, and the eclogite transformed to an amphibolite completely. Tentative pressure calculation indicates that the infiltration occurred at 3-6kbar (about 10-20km depth), where the deformation mechanics transformed from brittle to ductile yield. At such depth, the surface water can permeate the rocks through fault system, causing a rapid cooling.

消费者特征对其网络购物态度和行为意向的影响

In recent years, global online shopping grows rapidly, China's growth rate is far greater than the average level of the world. Online shopping as a new type of shopping patterns gradually drew the researcher's attention. There were so many existing researches on the relationship between consumer characteristic and online shopping attitude and intention, but few togethered the different abstract levels of consumer characteristic in one research. In this study, 3M Model was introduced as theory guide of whole research work, the Chinese consumers who knew about the online shopping was the research object, questionnaire survey was used to collect the data, different abstract levels of consumer characteristic were togethered in a hierarchical model, tried to establish a model to explain the relationship between different abstract levels of consumer characteristic and online shopping attitude and intention. In addition, the study also compared the models posed by data from different consumer groups. The results showed that: First, consumers’ openness, need for arousal, assessment of online shopping experience, perceived risk of online shopping would affect their online shopping attitude and online shopping intention. Second, openness, need for arousal indirectly influenced the online shopping intention through the perceived risk of online shopping. Third, the perceived risk of online shopping indirectly influenced the online shopping intention through online shopping attitude. Fourth, assessment of online shopping experience indirectly influenced the online shopping intention through the perceived risk of online shopping and online shopping attitude. Fifth, only online shopping attitude would directly affect online shopping intention. It also worked as a mediator variable in the final model. Sixth, network age, risk propensity did not significantly affect the online shopping attitude and online shopping intention. Seventh, freight fluctuation can affect student more than in-service on online shopping intention.

Colaboração em didática: utopia, desencanto e possibilidade

O presente estudo ocupa-se de uma problemática em Didática – as relações entre a investigação científica e o desenvolvimento do campo – e assenta no pressuposto de que essas relações se constroem conjugando o pensamento e a atuação de investigadores, académicos, professores, e formadores de professores, numa ação conjunta conduzida com a participação comprometida das suas instituições profissionais e orientada para o desenvolvimento de todos os intervenientes, da sua área de atividade e, assim, do ensino/aprendizagem e dos alunos. Nesse sentido, o estudo foi concebido no intuito de criar condições propícias ao estreitamento das relações em foco, tendo em vista, simultaneamente, o aprofundamento do conhecimento sobre a problemática. Assumiu, pois, uma finalidade de intervenção no terreno e uma finalidade científica de avaliação da experiência proporcionada por essa intervenção, na expectativa do alargamento da compreensão do objeto de estudo. Na confluência dessas finalidades, a investigação desenvolveu-se como um estudo de caso norteado por duas proposições teóricas: - A colaboração entre académicos e professores, no âmbito de projetos de investigação em Didática, e o comprometimento das instituições profissionais de ambos com essas iniciativas colaborativas poderão favorecer o desenvolvimento do campo, dos atores que nele intervêm e das instituições implicadas. - A formação contínua de professores centrada na investigação em Didática poderá constituir espaço privilegiado para o desenvolvimento dessas dinâmicas de colaboração. No alinhamento destas proposições com a finalidade interventiva do estudo, diferentes atores em Didática foram desafiados a envolver-se numa iniciativa de investigação/formação colaborativa e daí resultou o caso analisado nesta investigação, o projeto ICA/DL (Investiga, Colabora e Atua em Didática de Línguas). Tal projeto, realizado no âmbito de uma parceria formalizada num Protocolo de Colaboração, envolveu uma equipa composta por cinco docentes do Departamento de Didática e Tecnologia Educativa (atual Departamento de Educação) da Universidade de Aveiro e por 4 professores da Escola Secundária Dr. João Carlos Celestino Gomes – Ílhavo e implicou ainda, institucionalmente, a universidade, a escola e o Centro de Formação das Escolas do Concelho de Ílhavo (atualmente, Centro de Formação de Associação de Escolas dos Concelhos de Ílhavo, Vagos e Oliveira do Bairro). As atividades do projeto iniciaram-se no final de 2003, com os primeiros encontros de negociação da parceria, e prolongaram-se até meados de 2007, altura em que a equipa reuniu pela última vez. O programa operacional central desenvolveu-se entre janeiro de 2004 e novembro de 2005 e concretizou-se num percurso de investigação e de formação em colaboração entre académicos e professores, concebido e implementado pela equipa e acreditado pelo Conselho Científico-Pedagógico da Formação Contínua. Tal programa centrou-se no estudo de um tópico em Didática de Línguas (a competência de aprendizagem plurilingue), na realização de intervenções de ensino/aprendizagem, no âmbito do mesmo tópico, junto dos alunos na escola e na avaliação da experiência com base em dados empíricos. A investigação que sobre o caso se conduziu, ao orientar-se, na prossecução da segunda finalidade estabelecida, para a compreensão da influência das dinâmicas colaborativas de investigação/formação sobre o desenvolvimento dos intervenientes (equipa, parceiros institucionais e alunos na escola), é também um estudo de impacte. A condução do processo empírico deu prioridade à produção de uma leitura integrada e complexa, capaz de evidenciar os impactes do projeto, interpretando-os com base na análise dos processos que terão condicionado a sua ocorrência. Nessa medida, a metodologia revestiu-se, intencionalmente, de uma natureza eminentemente interpretativa e qualitativa, socorrendo-se da triangulação de fontes, dados e procedimentos de análise. Contudo, o método integrou também procedimentos quantitativos, em particular, um exercício estatístico que, correlacionando totais de evidências verificadas e totais de evidências possíveis, procurou tornar mais precisa a avaliação da dimensão do impacte alcançado pelo projeto. Ensaiou-se, assim, uma abordagem metodológica em estudos de impacte em Educação, que propõe potenciar a compreensão de casos complexos, conjugando interpretação e objetivação/quantificação. A análise desvendou constrangimentos e obstáculos na vivência dos princípios conceptuais fundadores da noção de investigação/formação colaborativa que sustentou as proposições de partida e que fez emergir o ICA/DL. Tais dificuldades limitaram a assunção de responsabilidades partilhadas na condução processual da experiência, condicionaram dinâmicas supervisivas nem sempre colaborativas e facilitadoras e manifestaram-se em atitudes de compromisso por vezes frágil com o projeto. E terão afetado a concretização das expectativas iniciais de desenvolvimento de todos os participantes, determinando impactes de dimensão globalmente algo dececionante, assimetrias substantivas de influência da experiência levada a cabo no desenvolvimento profissional dos elementos da equipa e no desenvolvimento institucional e repercutindo-se em efeitos pouco expressivos no desenvolvimento dos alunos, no que toca a capacidades ativas de comunicação e de aprendizagem, enquadradas pelo tópico didático trabalhado no âmbito do projeto. Mas revelaram-se também sinais claros de que se avançou no sentido da concretização dos pressupostos colaborativos que sustentaram a iniciativa. Foi possível reunir académicos, professores e instituições educativas em torno da ideia de investigação/formação em colaboração e mobilizá-los como parceiros que se comprometeram na construção de um projeto assente nessa ideia. E percebeu-se que, apesar de pouco expressivo, houve impacte, pois há indicadores de que o projeto contribuiu positivamente para o desenvolvimento dos intervenientes. Na equipa, sinalizaram-se efeitos sobretudo nas práticas de ensino/aprendizagem das professoras e, no caso particular de uma delas, que teve uma participação mais envolvida em atividades de investigação, manifestaram-se impactes substancialmente mais notórios do que nos restantes elementos do grupo e que abrangeram diferentes dimensões da profissionalidade. As académicas, embora menos do que as professoras, também evidenciaram desenvolvimento, dominantemente, nos planos da investigação em Didática de Línguas e da formação de professores. E o ICA/DL parece ter proporcionado também impactes positivos junto das instituições implicadas, especialmente junto da universidade, designadamente, no que toca ao aprofundamento do pensamento sobre a problemática que sustentou a experiência e ao desenvolvimento de projetos de investigação. Por seu turno, os alunos, tendo revelado sinais modestos de reforço das suas capacidades de ação como interlocutores em situações de comunicação plurilingue e como aprendentes de línguas, deram mostras claras de terem tomado consciência de atitudes e de recursos que favorecem o desenvolvimento desses dois papéis. Para além disso, os responsáveis pela parceria, apesar dos obstáculos que limitaram o alcance dos seus propósitos, reafirmaram, na conclusão do projeto, a sua confiança nos princípios colaborativos que os uniram, antecipando a continuidade de uma experiência que entenderam como primeiro passo na concretização desses princípios. No balanço das fragilidades vividas e dos ganhos conquistados pelo ICA/DL, o estudo permite renovar a convicção inicial no poder transformador das práticas de investigação/formação colaborativa em Didática, e assim, na emergência de uma comunidade una de professores e de académicos, movida por um projeto comum de desenvolvimento da Educação. Nessa perspetiva, avançam-se sugestões que abrangem a investigação, o processo de ensino/aprendizagem nas escolas, a formação de professores, as políticas em Didática e a Supervisão.

À la recherche d'un cadre théorique pour la pratique du design graphique

Les schémas en annexe ont été réalisés avec le logiciel Adobe Illustrator.

Dispositifs architecturaux et expérience spatiale de la ville: le cas de l'installation architecturale

L’installation architecturale, l’objet de recherche central de cette thèse, est un type d’intervention architecturale qui échappe autant au discours professionnel qu’à celui des chercheurs en architecture lorsqu’il s’agit de définir les limites de la profession et celles de la discipline. Prenant ses distances avec le déterminisme fonctionnaliste qui domine la pensée et la pratique courantes de l’architecture, la recherche a pour but de montrer que l’installation architecturale s’inscrit dans une tradition classique bien ancrée dans la pratique et dans la théorie de l’architecture et que son rôle dans la pensée sur le projet architectural et urbain de la ville contemporaine a occupé et occupe encore une place importante. C’est pour ces raisons que la recherche se présente essentiellement comme une exploration guidée avant tout par le souci de contribuer à la reconnaissance de cette pratique particulière de l’architecture. Avant de poser l’hypothèse de recherche, nous avons présumé que l’installation architecturale agit comme une construction active dans l’espace public, qu’elle comble certains manques quant à la définition des enjeux urbains de la ville contemporaine, particulièrement dans un contexte où les libertés de choix, de mouvances et d’opportunités sont largement accompagnés par des stratégies d’organisation, de contrôle public et de constructions technologiques, d’efficacité énergétique et fonctionnelle. La recherche a également supposé que cette valeur d’agitation sociale et culturelle est liée à certaines caractéristiques inhérentes à l’architecture, à la ville et à l’individu et qu’elle représente, par le fait même, un objet de recherche important tout en offrant une porte d’entrée dans les questions plus larges qui traversent la discipline. Parmi celles-ci sont particulièrement étudiés des pratiques et des discours qui échappent aux définitions usuelles et qui offrent un regard critique quant aux limites de la discipline, des pratiques qui mettent en lumière des idées telles que l’instable et l’événement, des notions d’intervention et d’éthique, d’action et d’exploration. Cette thèse cherche ainsi à éclairer la contribution potentielle de l’installation architecturale dans les problématiques urbaines et architecturales et de montrer comment l’expérience de la ville à travers le dispositif architectural peut transformer nos manières d’aborder l’espace construit.

Renverser la vapeur : la construction de la résilience : une approche autobiographique

L’objet de recherche de ce mémoire est la résilience vue à travers le prisme d’une démarche autobiographique dans un contexte de recherche-formation. Le concept de résilience pouvant être sur ou sous-estimé par divers chercheurs, l’auteure démontre dans l’analyse de son récit de vie, le fait d’une résilience ‘’ordinaire’’ et tout à fait réelle en opposition à une résilience ‘’hors de l’ordinaire’’. L’auteure aborde la notion de résilience à partir de différentes perspectives. Toutefois, elle privilégie l’approche des neurosciences qui démontre, par le biais de l’imagerie cérébrale, le remaniement du cerveau lors d’interactions. Or, pour bien des auteurs dont Boris Cyrulnik et Allan N. Schore, la résilience prend racine suite à une expérience d’attachement, la résilience ne se construisant pas seule. Le parcours autobiographique de l’auteure est bien imprégné du processus thérapeutique d’analyse bioénergétique dans lequel elle s’est engagée.

Portée et limites du principe de non refoulement de l'article 33 de la Convention relative au statut des réfugiés dans le contexte du traitement extraterritorial des demandes de statut de réfugié

Depuis quelques années, les États adoptent des politiques qui cherchent à séparer l’admission des réfugiés sur le territoire d’un État et l’attribution du statut de réfugié. En Europe, ce genre de politique est désigné par le terme externalisation. Cependant, par souci d’objectivité, nous avons choisi d’employer le terme extraterritorial. En effet, l’expression externalisation comporte en elle-même la critique de son objet. En Europe, aucune politique qui dissocie l’attribution du statut de réfugié et l’entrée sur le territoire d’un État n’a été mise en place, toutefois, cette idée fait partie des réflexions institutionnelles et elle reste un objectif de l’agenda européen. Ce mémoire cherche donc à analyser la proposition de traitement extraterritorial des demandes de statut de réfugié, faite en Europe, au regard de l’obligation la plus contraignante au sein du droit international des réfugiés : le principe de non refoulement. En ce sens, il sera nécessaire d'analyser l'étendue ainsi que les limites du principe de non refoulement, au regard de l’interprétation et de la mise en œuvre qui en sont faites. Ce mémoire démontrera que derrière une vive polémique sur la question, la proposition de traitement extraterritorial des demandes de statut de réfugié est compatible avec l’article 33 alinéa 1 de la Convention relative au statut des réfugiés.

Le studio d’enregistrement comme lieu d’expérimentation, outil créatif et vecteur d’internationalisation : Stonetree Records et la paranda garifuna en Amérique centrale

La version intégrale de cette thèse est disponible uniquement pour consultation individuelle à la Bibliothèque de musique de l’Université de Montréal (www.bib.umontreal.ca/MU).

Les sources d'influence des pratiques d'emploi instaurées par les entreprises multinationales originaires des pays européens dans leurs filiales québécoises.

Le but de notre recherche est de répondre à la question suivante : Quelles sont les sources d’influence des pratiques d’emploi instaurées par les EMN originaires de pays européens dans leurs filiales québécoises? Comme les EMN constituent notre objet de recherche, nous avons, dans un premier temps, recensé les principales caractéristiques de celles-ci. Il faut noter que les EMN ont un portrait différent par rapport à celui des entreprises qui ne sont pas multinationales. Comme le Québec est l’endroit où notre recherche a eu lieu, nous avons aussi expliqué les caractéristiques socioéconomiques du marché québécois. Nous avons constaté que le marché québécois se distingue du reste du Canada par son hybridité résultant d’un mélange de caractéristiques libérales et coordonnées. Comme les EMN étudiées sont d’origine européenne, nous avons aussi expliqué les caractéristiques des pays européens à économie coordonnée et libérale. Il faut noter que les pays à économie coordonnée et à économie libérale ont de caractéristiques différentes, voire opposées. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons recensé les études qui ont tenté de répondre à notre question de recherche. La littérature identifie quatre sources d’influence des pratiques d’emploi que les EMN instaurent dans leurs filiales étrangères : le pays d’accueil, le pays d’origine, les sources d’influence hybrides, et les sources d’influence globales. Les sources d’influence provenant des pays d’accueil déterminent les pratiques d’emploi des filiales étrangères en mettant en valeur l’isomorphisme, les principes calculateur et collaborateur, et la capacité des filiales à modifier les marchés dans lesquels elles opèrent. Les sources d’influence provenant des pays d’origine influencent les pratiques d’emploi en mettant en valeur l’isomorphisme culturel, l’effet du pays d’origine, et l’effet du pays de gestion. Les sources d’influence hybrides combinent les facteurs en provenance des pays d’accueil, des pays d’origine, et du marché global pour déterminer les pratiques d’emploi des filiales étrangères. Finalement, les sources d’influence globales mettent en valeur les pressions d’intégration au marché mondial pour expliquer la convergence des pratiques d’emploi des filiales étrangères vers un modèle universel anglo-saxon. Pour répondre à notre question de recherche, nous avons identifié les niveaux de coordination des pays d’origine comme variable indépendante, et les niveaux de coordination des pratiques d’emploi comme variable dépendante. Sept hypothèses avec leurs indicateurs respectifs ont tenu compte des relations entre nos variables indépendantes et dépendante. Nous avons préparé un questionnaire de recherche, et avons interviewé des membres du personnel de RH de dix EMN européennes ayant au moins une filiale au Québec. Les filiales faisant partie de notre échantillon appartiennent à des EMN originaires de divers pays européens, autant à marché libéral que coordonné. Nous avons décrit en détail les caractéristiques de chacune de ces EMN et de leurs filiales québécoises. Nous avons identifié des facteurs explicatifs (index de coordination de Hall et Gingerich, secteur d’activité, taille des filiales, et degré de globalisation des EMN) qui auraient pu aussi jouer un rôle dans la détermination et la nature des pratiques d’emploi des filiales. En matière de résultats, nous n’avons constaté de lien entre le type de marché du pays d’origine et le degré de coordination des pratiques d’emploi que pour les pratiques salariales; confirmant ainsi notre première hypothèse. Les pratiques de stabilité d’emploi, de formation, et de relations de travail ont un lien avec le secteur d’activité; soit le secteur de la production des bien, ou celui des services. Ainsi, les filiales dans le secteur de la production de biens font preuve de plus de coordination en matière de ces trois pratiques comparativement aux filiales dans le secteur des services. Finalement, les pratiques de développement de carrière et de partage d’information et consultation sont de nature coordonnée dans toutes les filiales, mais aucun facteur explicatif n’explique ce résultat. Compte tenu que le marché d’accueil québécois est commun à toutes les filiales, le Québec comme province d’accueil pourrait expliquer le fort degré de coordination de ces deux pratiques. Outre le marché d’accueil, le caractère multinational des EMN auxquelles ces filiales appartiennent pourrait aussi expliquer des résultats semblables en matière des pratiques d’emploi. Notre recherche comporte des forces et des faiblesses. Concernant les forces, notre méthode de recherche nous a permis d’obtenir des données de source directe, car nous avons questionné directement les gens concernées par les pratiques d’emploi. Ceci a pour effet d’assurer une certaine validité à notre recherche. Concernant nos faiblesses, la nature restreinte de notre échantillon ne nous permet pas de généraliser les résultats. Il faudrait réaliser d’autres recherches pour améliorer la fiabilité. De plus, les pays d’origine des filiales demeure ambigu pour certaines d’entre elles, car celles-ci ont changé de propriétaire plusieurs fois. D’autres ont au moins deux propriétaires originaires de pays distincts.