Optimization of test and maintenance of ageing components consisting of multiple items and addressing effectiveness

There are many models in the literature that have been proposed in the last decades aimed at assessing the reliability, availability and maintainability (RAM) of safety equipment, many of them with a focus on their use to assess the risk level of a technological system or to search for appropriate design and/or surveillance and maintenance policies in order to assure that an optimum level of RAM of safety systems is kept during all the plant operational life. This paper proposes a new approach for RAM modelling that accounts for equipment ageing and maintenance and testing effectiveness of equipment consisting of multiple items in an integrated manner. This model is then used to perform the simultaneous optimization of testing and maintenance for ageing equipment consisting of multiple items. An example of application is provided, which considers a simplified High Pressure Injection System (HPIS) of a typical Power Water Reactor (PWR). Basically, this system consists of motor driven pumps (MDP) and motor operated valves (MOV), where both types of components consists of two items each. These components present different failure and cause modes and behaviours, and they also undertake complex test and maintenance activities depending on the item involved. The results of the example of application demonstrate that the optimization algorithm provide the best solutions when the optimization problem is formulated and solved considering full flexibility in the implementation of testing and maintenance activities taking part of such an integrated RAM model.

H.R. 3839 [microform] : establish a U.S. Design Council within the Department of Commerce : hearing before the Subcommittee on Science, Research, and Technology of the Committee on Science and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, Ninety-seventh Congress, second session, January 21, 1982.

"No. 92."

Updating of an instrumented building model considering amplitude dependence of dynamic resonant properties extracted from seismic response records

The authors would like to express their gratitude to their supporters. Drs Jim Cousins, S.R. Uma and Ken Gledhill facilitated this research by providing access to GeoNet seismic data and structural building information. Piotr Omenzetter’s work within the Lloyd’s Register Foundation Centre for Safety and Reliability Engineering at the University of Aberdeen is supported by Lloyd’s Register Foundation. The Foundation helps to protect life and property by supporting engineering-related education, public engagement and the application of research.

Optimal selection of autoregressive model coefficients for early damage detectability with an application to wind turbine blades

Piotr Omenzetter and Simon Hoell's work within the Lloyd's Register Foundation Centre for Safety and Reliability Engineering at the University of Aberdeen is supported by Lloyd’s Register Foundation. The Foundation helps to protect life and property by supporting engineering-related education, public engagement and the application of research.

Updating of an instrumented building model considering amplitude dependence of dynamic resonant properties extracted from seismic response records

The authors would like to express their gratitude to their supporters. Drs Jim Cousins, S.R. Uma and Ken Gledhill facilitated this research by providing access to GeoNet seismic data and structural building information. Piotr Omenzetter’s work within the Lloyd’s Register Foundation Centre for Safety and Reliability Engineering at the University of Aberdeen is supported by Lloyd’s Register Foundation. The Foundation helps to protect life and property by supporting engineering-related education, public engagement and the application of research.

Optimal selection of autoregressive model coefficients for early damage detectability with an application to wind turbine blades

Piotr Omenzetter and Simon Hoell's work within the Lloyd's Register Foundation Centre for Safety and Reliability Engineering at the University of Aberdeen is supported by Lloyd’s Register Foundation. The Foundation helps to protect life and property by supporting engineering-related education, public engagement and the application of research.

Experimental investigation into amplitude-dependent modal properties of an eleven-span motorway bridge

The authors would like to thank their supporters. New Zealand Earthquake Commission (EQC) Research Foundation provided financial support for experimental work (Grant No. UNI/578). New Zealand Transport Agency (NZTA) provided access to the bridge. Piotr Omenzetter’s work within the LRF Centre for Safety and Reliability Engineering at the University of Aberdeen is supported by Lloyd’s Register Foundation. The Foundation helps to protect life and property by supporting engineering-related education, public engagement and the application of research. Ge-Wei Chen’s doctoral study is supported by China Scholarship Council (CSC) (Grant No. 2011637065).

Model updating using genetic algorithms with sequential niche technique

The authors would like to express their gratitude to organizations and people that supported this research. Piotr Omenzetter’s work within the Lloyd’s Register Foundation Centre for Safety and Reliability Engineering at the University of Aberdeen is supported by Lloyd’s Register Foundation. The Foundation helps to protect life and property by supporting engineering-related education, public engagement and the application of research. Ben Ryder of Aurecon and Graeme Cummings of HEB Construction assisted in obtaining access to the bridge and information for modelling. Luke Williams and Graham Bougen, undergraduate research students, assisted with testing.

Improved damage detectability in a wind turbine blade by optimal selection of vibration signal correlation coefficients

Piotr Omenzetter and Simon Hoell’s work within the Lloyd’s Register Foundation Centre for Safety and Reliability Engineering at the University of Aberdeen is supported by Lloyd’s Register Foundation. The Foundation helps to protect life and property by supporting engineering-related education, public engagement and the application of research.

AN ENTROPIC THEORY OF DAMAGE WITH APPLICATIONS TO CORROSION-FATIGUE STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY ASSESSMENT

This dissertation demonstrates an explanation of damage and reliability of critical components and structures within the second law of thermodynamics. The approach relies on the fundamentals of irreversible thermodynamics, specifically the concept of entropy generation due to materials degradation as an index of damage. All failure mechanisms that cause degradation, damage accumulation and ultimate failure share a common feature, namely energy dissipation. Energy dissipation, as a fundamental measure for irreversibility in a thermodynamic treatment of non-equilibrium processes, leads to and can be expressed in terms of entropy generation. The dissertation proposes a theory of damage by relating entropy generation to energy dissipation via generalized thermodynamic forces and thermodynamic fluxes that formally describes the resulting damage. Following the proposed theory of entropic damage, an approach to reliability and integrity characterization based on thermodynamic entropy is discussed. It is shown that the variability in the amount of the thermodynamic-based damage and uncertainties about the parameters of a distribution model describing the variability, leads to a more consistent and broader definition of the well know time-to-failure distribution in reliability engineering. As such it has been shown that the reliability function can be derived from the thermodynamic laws rather than estimated from the observed failure histories. Furthermore, using the superior advantages of the use of entropy generation and accumulation as a damage index in comparison to common observable markers of damage such as crack size, a method is proposed to explain the prognostics and health management (PHM) in terms of the entropic damage. The proposed entropic-based damage theory to reliability and integrity is then demonstrated through experimental validation. Using this theorem, the corrosion-fatigue entropy generation function is derived, evaluated and employed for structural integrity, reliability assessment and remaining useful life (RUL) prediction of Aluminum 7075-T651 specimens tested.

NASA installations; accumulation, dissemination, and utilization of system failure history data.

Cover title.

MULTI-UNIT ACCIDENT CONTRIBUTIONS TO U.S. NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION QUANTITATIVE HEALTH OBJECTIVES: A SAFETY GOAL POLICY ANALYSIS USING MODELS FROM STATE-OF-THE-ART REACTOR CONSEQUENCE ANALYSES

The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission implemented a safety goal policy in response to the 1979 Three Mile Island accident. This policy addresses the question “How safe is safe enough?” by specifying quantitative health objectives (QHOs) for comparison with results from nuclear power plant (NPP) probabilistic risk analyses (PRAs) to determine whether proposed regulatory actions are justified based on potential safety benefit. Lessons learned from recent operating experience—including the 2011 Fukushima accident—indicate that accidents involving multiple units at a shared site can occur with non-negligible frequency. Yet risk contributions from such scenarios are excluded by policy from safety goal evaluations—even for the nearly 60% of U.S. NPP sites that include multiple units. This research develops and applies methods for estimating risk metrics for comparison with safety goal QHOs using models from state-of-the-art consequence analyses to evaluate the effect of including multi-unit accident risk contributions in safety goal evaluations.

Prognostics health management: perspectives in engineering systems reliability prognostics

The Prognostic Health Management (PHM) has been asserting itself as the most promising methodology to enhance the effective reliability and availability of a product or system during its life-cycle conditions by detecting current and approaching failures, thus, providing mitigation of the system risks with reduced logistics and support costs. However, PHM is at an early stage of development, it also expresses some concerns about possible shortcomings of its methods, tools, metrics and standardization. These factors have been severely restricting the applicability of PHM and its adoption by the industry. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review about the PHM main general weaknesses. Exploring the research opportunities present in some recent publications, are discussed and outlined the general guide-lines for finding the answer to these issues.

Ottimizzazione di un sistema di tracciabilità a supporto della reliability system engineering per un produttore di beni strumentali: il caso Sacmi

Questa tesi di laurea è stata redatta presso l’azienda Sacmi Imola S.C. ed in particolare all’interno della divisione Closures, che si occupa della progettazione e della realizzazione di linee per la produzione di varie tipologie di capsule. Lo scopo dell’elaborato è descrivere lo sviluppo di un sistema di tracciabilità di prodotto; sistemi di questo tipo, adottati inizialmente nel settore alimentare, stanno acquisendo sempre maggiore importanza anche in altri campi produttivi, poiché rivestono un ruolo strategico al fine della realizzazione di prodotti caratterizzati da livelli elevati di performance e di qualità, capaci di emergere nel mercato moderno caratterizzato da una concorrenza estesa a livello mondiale e molto attento alle esigenze dei clienti. Nel caso specifico di Sacmi il sistema di tracciabilità si rivolge ad una pressa, la CCM (Continuous Compression Moulder), realizzata dall’azienda per la produzione di capsule in materiale termoplastico tramite la tecnologia dello stampaggio a compressione. In particolare il sistema si concentra sugli stampi della macchina CCM, i quali ne rappresentano gli elementi critici dal punto di vista sia tecnico che economico. A livello generale, un sistema di tracciabilità è costituito da due componenti fondamentali: il primo è un sistema di identificazione che permetta di rendere distinguibili ed individuabili le unità da tracciare, mentre il secondo è un sistema di raccolta dati in grado di raccogliere le informazioni desiderate. Queste sono poi archiviate in un apposito database ed attribuite alle entità corrispondenti sfruttando le proprietà del sistema di identificazione. Il primo passo da compiere quando si intende sviluppare un sistema di tracciabilità all’interno di un contesto produttivo già consolidato è la ricostruzione del processo produttivo presente in azienda: si tratta di individuare tutti gli enti aziendali che concorrono al processo e che saranno interessati dall’introduzione del nuovo sistema. Una volta definiti gli attori, è necessario anche capire come questi siano collegati dai flussi di materiale e di informazioni. Il processo produttivo di Sacmi era caratterizzato dalla quasi totale assenza di un flusso strutturato di informazioni a supporto di quello di materiale, ed il sistema di tracciabilità ha provveduto a colmare proprio questa mancanza. Il sistema deve essere in grado di integrarsi perfettamente nel contesto produttivo aziendale: è necessario trovare il giusto compromesso per quanto riguarda la quantità di informazioni da raccogliere, che devono garantire una corretta copertura di tutto il processo senza però appesantirlo eccessivamente. E’ bene che la raccolta dati sia basata su procedure standard che assicurino la ripetibilità delle operazioni di prelievo delle informazioni. Come è logico immaginarsi, l’introduzione di numerose novità nell’ambito di un contesto già strutturato ha fatto emergere un certo numero di problematiche, come ad esempio difficoltà nello stoccaggio e ritardi di produzione; queste devono essere risolte chiedendo uno sforzo aggiuntivo agli enti interessati o, nel medio/lungo periodo, evolvendo ed affinando il sistema con soluzioni più snelle.