Implantación de protocolos y guías de sujeciones en centros psicogeriátricos

Las sujeciones físicas son aquellos dispositivos unidos al cuerpo, que se utilizan para restringir la movilidad de las personas. El debate sobre la utilización de estos dispositivos ha sido controvertido desde hace unos años a ahora, y se estima que en los diferentes países, entre los que se incluye España, el ratio de utilización es muy superior al que debería. Las complicaciones asociadas a su uso son extensamente documentadas, y la legislación vigente sobre ellas está en proceso de normalización. Objetivos: identificar la necesidad de implantación de protocolos de sujeciones en centros psicogeriátricos, así cómo analizar el porqué del inicio de sujeciones, sus consecuencias, los principales puntos a contener de un protocolo de sujeciones, y los cambios que dicho protocolo generará en las unidades. Metodología: el trabajo realizado es una revisión narrativa, basada en diferentes búsquedas en bases de datos y paginas web. Se utilizan descriptores y boleanos en conjunción para organizar la búsqueda, y se aplican criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Conclusiones: Existe la necesidad de crear e implantar protocolos que guíen en la práctica de sujeciones a los profesionales de enfermería, ya que cada vez somos más conscientes de los eventos adversos que acarrea su utilización. Por otro lado, la utilización de sujeciones todavía se llega a instaurar como facilitador del trabajo de enfermería, y existe unanimidad en qué deberían contener dichos protocolos de sujeciones: existencia de una atención centrada en el paciente y difusión de una cultura alternativa a las sujeciones.

Uma nova métrica para protocolos de roteamento em redes em malha sem fio.

Este trabalho propõe uma nova métrica denominada AP (Alternative Path), a ser utilizada para o cálculo de rotas em protocolos de roteamento em redes em malha sem fio. Esta métrica leva em consideração a interferência causada por nós vizinhos na escolha de uma rota para um destino. O desempenho da métrica AP é avaliado e comparado com o da métrica ETX (Expected Transmission Count) e com o da métrica número de saltos (Hop Count). As simulações realizadas mostram que a métrica AP pode propiciar desempenho superior à rede quando comparada com as outras duas métricas. A métrica AP apresenta melhor desempenho em cenários com maior diversidade de caminhos alternativos.

Demonstração de diferentes protocolos para implantação de parcelas permanentes em Floresta Ombrófila Mista.

2008

Protocolos para assepsia de meristemas e cultura de tecidos para o gênero Brachiaria (Trin.) Griseb e melhor tratamento para duplicação de número cromossômico.

O objetivo neste trabalho é divulgar os protocolos utilizados na Embrapa Gado de Corte para a assepsia e micropropagação in vitro de explantes de braquiária. Estes foram coletados in vivo para a cultura de tecidos, com a finalidade de otimizar a micropropagação e a poliploidização de genótipos diplóides. A metodologia utilizada resultou na duplicação somática efetiva de algumas plantas do gênero. O domínio dessas técnicas contribui extraordinariamente para a economia de tempo e espaço em obter genótipos valiosos ao programa de melhoramento da referida gramínea. Plantas duplicadas permitirão o melhoramento intra-específico nesse gênero, caracterizado por plantas apomíticas tetraplóides de grande importância agronômica.

Protocolos de avaliação da qualidade química e físicas de pimentas (Capsicum spp.).

2007

Protocolos para estabelecimento e caracterização de sítio específico experimental.

2007

Control design for multicast-aware class-based networks

The expectations of citizens from the Information Technologies (ITs) are increasing as the ITs have become integral part of our society, serving all kinds of activities whether professional, leisure, safety-critical applications or business. Hence, the limitations of the traditional network designs to provide innovative and enhanced services and applications motivated a consensus to integrate all services over packet switching infrastructures, using the Internet Protocol, so as to leverage flexible control and economical benefits in the Next Generation Networks (NGNs). However, the Internet is not capable of treating services differently while each service has its own requirements (e.g., Quality of Service - QoS). Therefore, the need for more evolved forms of communications has driven to radical changes of architectural and layering designs which demand appropriate solutions for service admission and network resources control. This Thesis addresses QoS and network control issues, aiming to improve overall control performance in current and future networks which classify services into classes. The Thesis is divided into three parts. In the first part, we propose two resource over-reservation algorithms, a Class-based bandwidth Over-Reservation (COR) and an Enhanced COR (ECOR). The over-reservation means reserving more bandwidth than a Class of Service (CoS) needs, so the QoS reservation signalling rate is reduced. COR and ECOR allow for dynamically defining over-reservation parameters for CoSs based on network interfaces resource conditions; they aim to reduce QoS signalling and related overhead without incurring CoS starvation or waste of bandwidth. ECOR differs from COR by allowing for optimizing control overhead minimization. Further, we propose a centralized control mechanism called Advanced Centralization Architecture (ACA), that uses a single state-full Control Decision Point (CDP) which maintains a good view of its underlying network topology and the related links resource statistics on real-time basis to control the overall network. It is very important to mention that, in this Thesis, we use multicast trees as the basis for session transport, not only for group communication purposes, but mainly to pin packets of a session mapped to a tree to follow the desired tree. Our simulation results prove a drastic reduction of QoS control signalling and the related overhead without QoS violation or waste of resources. Besides, we provide a generic-purpose analytical model to assess the impact of various parameters (e.g., link capacity, session dynamics, etc.) that generally challenge resource overprovisioning control. In the second part of this Thesis, we propose a decentralization control mechanism called Advanced Class-based resource OverpRovisioning (ACOR), that aims to achieve better scalability than the ACA approach. ACOR enables multiple CDPs, distributed at network edge, to cooperate and exchange appropriate control data (e.g., trees and bandwidth usage information) such that each CDP is able to maintain a good knowledge of the network topology and the related links resource statistics on real-time basis. From scalability perspective, ACOR cooperation is selective, meaning that control information is exchanged dynamically among only the CDPs which are concerned (correlated). Moreover, the synchronization is carried out through our proposed concept of Virtual Over-Provisioned Resource (VOPR), which is a share of over-reservations of each interface to each tree that uses the interface. Thus, each CDP can process several session requests over a tree without requiring synchronization between the correlated CDPs as long as the VOPR of the tree is not exhausted. Analytical and simulation results demonstrate that aggregate over-reservation control in decentralized scenarios keep low signalling without QoS violations or waste of resources. We also introduced a control signalling protocol called ACOR Protocol (ACOR-P) to support the centralization and decentralization designs in this Thesis. Further, we propose an Extended ACOR (E-ACOR) which aggregates the VOPR of all trees that originate at the same CDP, and more session requests can be processed without synchronization when compared with ACOR. In addition, E-ACOR introduces a mechanism to efficiently track network congestion information to prevent unnecessary synchronization during congestion time when VOPRs would exhaust upon every session request. The performance evaluation through analytical and simulation results proves the superiority of E-ACOR in minimizing overall control signalling overhead while keeping all advantages of ACOR, that is, without incurring QoS violations or waste of resources. The last part of this Thesis includes the Survivable ACOR (SACOR) proposal to support stable operations of the QoS and network control mechanisms in case of failures and recoveries (e.g., of links and nodes). The performance results show flexible survivability characterized by fast convergence time and differentiation of traffic re-routing under efficient resource utilization i.e. without wasting bandwidth. In summary, the QoS and architectural control mechanisms proposed in this Thesis provide efficient and scalable support for network control key sub-systems (e.g., QoS and resource control, traffic engineering, multicasting, etc.), and thus allow for optimizing network overall control performance.

Architecture for real-time coordination of multiple autonomous mobile units

Interest on using teams of mobile robots has been growing, due to their potential to cooperate for diverse purposes, such as rescue, de-mining, surveillance or even games such as robotic soccer. These applications require a real-time middleware and wireless communication protocol that can support an efficient and timely fusion of the perception data from different robots as well as the development of coordinated behaviours. Coordinating several autonomous robots towards achieving a common goal is currently a topic of high interest, which can be found in many application domains. Despite these different application domains, the technical problem of building an infrastructure to support the integration of the distributed perception and subsequent coordinated action is similar. This problem becomes tougher with stronger system dynamics, e.g., when the robots move faster or interact with fast objects, leading to tighter real-time constraints. This thesis work addressed computing architectures and wireless communication protocols to support efficient information sharing and coordination strategies taking into account the real-time nature of robot activities. The thesis makes two main claims. Firstly, we claim that despite the use of a wireless communication protocol that includes arbitration mechanisms, the self-organization of the team communications in a dynamic round that also accounts for variable team membership, effectively reduces collisions within the team, independently of its current composition, significantly improving the quality of the communications. We will validate this claim in terms of packet losses and communication latency. We show how such self-organization of the communications can be achieved in an efficient way with the Reconfigurable and Adaptive TDMA protocol. Secondly, we claim that the development of distributed perception, cooperation and coordinated action for teams of mobile robots can be simplified by using a shared memory middleware that replicates in each cooperating robot all necessary remote data, the Real-Time Database (RTDB) middleware. These remote data copies, which are updated in the background by the selforganizing communications protocol, are extended with age information automatically computed by the middleware and are locally accessible through fast primitives. We validate our claim showing a parsimonious use of the communication medium, improved timing information with respect to the shared data and the simplicity of use and effectiveness of the proposed middleware shown in several use cases, reinforced with a reasonable impact in the Middle Size League of RoboCup.

Influência da espessura do substrato dental sobre a eficácia clareadora e citotoxicidade de diferentes protocolos de clareamento

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Análise e implementação digital de uma malha de captura de fase para sincronização de conversores à rede elétrica

Dissertação para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Electrotécnica Ramo de Automação e Eletrónica Industrial

O Papel dos Protocolos como Indicador de "Processo" num Serviço de Anestesia. Exemplo de um Protocolo Anestésico no Transplante Pulmonar

Mais do que a transcrição de um protocolo anestésico, o nosso objectivo foi salientar a importância dos protocolos anestésicos em geral e do transplante pulmonar em particular como indicador de processo na qualidade de cuidados anestésicos perioperatórios. Para isso exemplificamos a forma como foi elaborado um protocolo específico como o do transplante pulmonar e evidenciamos a necessidade de articulação com as diferentes especialidades e grupos profissionais directamente envolvidos.

Catálogo y síntesis de los protocolos del Archivo municipal de Monterrey, \f 1700-1725

UANL

Maltrato Infantil : protocolos de actuación.

En esta segunda edición figuran como colaboradores: M. Dolores Abenza Belchí, M. Ángeles Burillo Gil, Ángel Regino Calvo Rodríguez, M. Jesús García Guillén, Amor Gea Serrano, Ricardo Torrecilla Guillén y como apoyo técnico: Francisco Pérez Fernández

Aplicación conjunta de la teoría clásica de respuesta al test y la teoría de respuesta al ítem para el diseño de protocolos de evaluación del rendimiento en el área de Matemáticas.

Diseñar y validar un protocolo de evaluación que sirva para estimar la competencia curricular en el área de matemáticas al final de la Educación Primaria o al inicio de la secundaria obligatoria. Es decir, lo que se pretende es construir un test de rendimiento en matemáticas que será baremado, tanto clásicamente como según la más moderna respuesta al ítem. 603 estudiantes de sexto de Educación Primaria en el Sector Educativo del Nalón (Asturias). Se trabaja con un error muestral muy pequeño (1,5 por ciento) y un nivel de confianza del 95 por ciento. Previamente a la aplicación del instrumento se realizó un estudio piloto con el fin de realizar una primera depuración de ítems para construir y validar estadísticamente una prueba que permitiera estimar el nivel curricular del alumnado en el área de matemáticas al final de la Educación Primaria. El trabajo se inicio con el análisis del currículo del área en tercer ciclo: decretos de mínimos y curricular de Educación Primaria. También se revisaron los documentos elaborados por el MEC, libros de texto de la principales editoriales y el material de refuerzo y recuperación disponible en el EOEP-Nalón (Asturias). Estas tareas sirven para diseñar la tabla de especificaciones de la prueba y construir un primera banco de ítems. Se diseña una matriz de especificaciones con un total de 46 entradas organizadas en dos ejes: a) Bloques de contenidos: numeración, operaciones, geometría, medidas y organización de la información; b) Capacidades matemáticas: conocimientos básicos, algoritmos, estrategias intermedias y resolución de problemas. El protocolo de evaluación implementado en la aplicación final consistió en una batería de 41 preguntas. A los 34 ítems seleccionados de la prueba piloto se unieron 7 más. El análisis de los resultados se llevo a cabo del programa SPSS V.8.0. Se calculan estadísticos de posición y dispersión, puntuaciones típicas y transformadas, ajuste a normalidad y descarte de diferencias entre los grupos de corte de la muestra. Buscando definir las características métricas se estiman los índices de fiabilidad y validez externa. a) La batería del estudio presenta buenos índices de fiabilidad, tanto en los coeficientes de test referidos a la norma, como al criterio; b) El valor del índice de fiabilidad es siempre una primera aproximación al estudio de unidimensionalidad de la escala. Un alfa superior a 0,86 parece indicar cierto grado de unidimensionalidad, lo que permitiría intentar el ajuste de los datos a algún modelo derivado de la Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem , y superar de esta forma los rudimentos de la Teoría Clásica de Respuesta a los Test; c) Se pueden establecer puntos de corte a partir del rendimiento en la prueba para identificar, tanto alumnos con dificultades en el área, como a posibles talentos matemáticos.