A Zona Incerta no sagüi (Callithrix jacchus): Análise Citoarquitetônica, Neuroquímica e Projeção Retiniana

The retinal projections in mammals usually reach, classically, three major functional systems: the primary visual system, the accessory optic system, and the circadian timing system. But the retinal projections also reach areas classically considered non-visual, one of which groups the neurons of the zona incerta (ZI), target this study. The primary visual system includes thalamic lateral geniculate complex is formed by the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, intergeniculate leaflet and the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus and other Components. The accessory optic system is composed of the small nuclei: nuclei terminal dorsal, lateral, medial and the interstitial nucleus of the superior posterior fasciculus. These nuclei are involved in visuo-motor activities. The circadian timing system is comprised of the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, that act as master circadian pacemaker, entraining pathways and efferents pathways to the efectors, and the intergeniculate leaflet, that seems to act as a modulator of the pacemaker. The retinal projections too reach classically considered non-visual areas, including the zona incerta. This region is localized in the ventral thalamus and has been implicated in various functional properties including nociceptive and somatosensory processing, motor response, sociosexual behaviour, feeding and drinking, in symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases, arousal and attention. It also displays connection with several areas of central nervous system. The aim of this study was characterize the retinal projection in the zona incerta of Callithrix jacchus (sagüi), a primate of the New World through the anterograde axonal transport of the cholera toxin subunit b and analyze the citoarchicteture using Nissl and NeuN, and neurochemical substances such as serotonin, GABA, VIP, VP, GFAP and binding-calcium proteins. The zona incerta showed a different division of the literature in citoarquitetura, both by means of Nissl as neurochemical by NeuN, with a subdivision ventrolateral and dorsomedial. The neurochemical to the other substances corroborate with this subdivision. The GFAP was almost completely negative for the zona incerta, result non evidenced in previous studies yet. The 16 retinal projection in sagüi, unlike other primates and rodents, reached the caudal portion only. This work helps to make further studies are conducted based on this subdivision and the localization of the neurochemical substances associated with possible behaviors that the zona incerta is involved

Projeção retiniana, caracterização citoarquitetônica e neuroquímica da zona incerta do moco (Kerodon rupestris)

The Zona Incerta (ZI) is embryologically derived from the ventral thalamus, in continuity with the reticular nucleus of the thalamus. Studies usingneural tracers technics have allowed identify a complex connectional map including the ZI. Futhermore, cytochemical, molecular and functional data have shown abundant variability in the neurochemical contend in the ZI, as well as,the involvement of the ZI in the modulation of nociception, attention, alertness, control and maintenance of posture and control of visceral activity. This work aims to characterize the cytoarchitecture, neurochemical content of the ZI in the rock cavy (Kerodon rupestris), and a direct retinal-ZI pathway present in this species. The Nissl staining is effective for the delineation and characterization of ZI citoarchitecture. ZIc receives a contralateral retinal projection showing varicosities, suggesting a modulatory character of photic information. The ZI in the rock cavy, as in others rodents and primates, is characterized by a complex neurochemical signature. The ZI neurochemistry presents great diversity, especially in the medial portion of ZIr, where we have found immunoreactivity of all neuroactive substances investigated, and that NOS-IR, GFAP and CR helped the delimitation of middle ZI in ZId and ZIv. Nevertheless, just 5-HT-IR fibers are present in all subdivisions of the ZI. These data demonstrate the great wealth of the neurochemistry of rock cavy s ZI and a direct retinal modulation in the ZI, helping to explain it s broad functional repertory

Projeção de vídeo no ambiente urbano: a cidade como tela

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Efeitos dos erros de projeção sobre as grandezas cefalométricas das análises de Steiner e McNamara

Pós-graduação em Odontologia - FOAR

Malária e migração no Amapá: projeção espacial num contexto de crescimento populacional

Como a malária ainda se mantém como um grave problema de saúde pública e continua afetando grupos da população que vive na região amazônica, principalmente os que moram em áreas de assentamentos e de exploração de garimpos é que decidiu-se desenvolver estudos voltados para a expansão da endemia e sua vinculação com o processo migratório. Outras questões, como a atividade ocupacional, moradia, e a situação da malária importada pela fronteira internacional, também foram consideradas. O universo alvo do estudo está no estado do Amapá, mais especificamente nos municípios de Ferreira Gomes, Porto Grande, Pedra Branca do Amapari, Serra do Navio e Oiapoque com enfoque no contexto urbano de cada município e nas áreas de assentamentos e garimpos onde, no período de 1990 2003, ocorreu a maior incidência parasitária anual e o maior índice de lâminas positivas, para a infecção pelo Plasmodium falciparum. O estudo exploratório - descritivo vinculado ao estudo ecológico foram utilizados para descrever as áreas geográficas e os dados obtidos pelo Sistema de Informações de Malária (SISMAL) e Sistema de Vigilância Epidemiológica (SIVEP), deram suporte para as análises quantitativas e abordagem qualitativa da situação da malária nas áreas de estudo. Os mapas temáticos foram gerados a partir do georreferenciamento da população estudada utilizando-se a ferramenta ArquiGiz e a base cartográfica digital da Secretaria de Meio Ambiente SEMA , que possibilitaram através de uma visão espacial a discussão, analise e descrição dos fenômenos observados. Mediante os resultados obtidos concluiu-se que a atividade ocupacional e moradia têm relação direta com a incidência da malária, pois no período analisado mesmo com as políticas que foram utilizadas para o controle da endemia as áreas estudadas se mantiveram como de alto risco e a infecção pelo P. falciparum aumentou, principalmente no Oiapoque, fronteira internacional, onde os casos importados apresentaram a mesma tendência.

Uma idéia na cabeça e um curso na mão: processos cognitivos de projeção (metáforas, parábolas e analogias) na construção do texto escrito

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Influência das variações de ângulos de projeção na detecção de reabsorções radiculares linguais e apicais simuladas: comparação entre subtração radiográfica digital e radiografia digital direta

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Gigante pela própria natureza: as raízes da projeção continental brasileira e seus paradoxos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Relação entre projeção do centro de gravidade e equilíbrio em idosos

During the aging process, increase the postural asymmetries that can affect the control mechanism of balance leading to falls. To evaluate the static posture of elderly; measure the balance and correlate the results of the posture with balance. The study involved 28 elderly patients, 13 males and 15 females (71.8 ± 5.7 years). The volunteers were photographed, the images transferred to a computer for evaluation of static posture and calculating the projection of the center of gravity in the frontal and sagittal planes using the Postural Assessment Software. The balance was assessed by the Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Correlations were performed by Spearman test (p ≤ 0.05). Data were presented as mean ± standart deviation (SD). BBS scores = 50.5 ± 3.3; the sagittal plane (anterior asymmetry) = 45.5 ± 11.1%; frontal plane (right or left asymmetry) = 9.8 ± 7.9. We found a correlation between BBS and asymmetry of the sagittal plane (r = -0.46, p = 0.01) and between BBS and asymmetry of the frontal plane (r = -0.41, p = 0.03). The data suggest that the higher the previous projection (asymmetry of the sagittal plane) and lateral projection (asymmetry of the frontal plane), scores of the BBs will be lower, indicating an increase of unbalance in elderly.

Video mapping: um estudo teórico e prático sobre projeção mapeada

The project presents an explanation of the technique of video mapping, resource use, origin and use of the strands. Also conducts multidisciplinary literature review of concepts that can be applied to the technique of video mapping: Augmented Reality, Spatiality in Virtual and Real Environments. The project also introduces aspects of the history of cinema and audiovisual narrative. In addition conducts an inventory of software and hardware required for the technique of video mapping, reports performing experiments with the use of the technique and discusses the results obtained. As a contribution to development area, proposes to use video mapping as an augmented reality tool at an immersive experimental film language

Escoamento da produção de café: uma projeção de logística

This paper seeks to show which impacts there are of the combined use of different modal for the coffee’s outflow. Nowadays is used, almost exclusively, the roadway to transport. How-ever, for this product with low added value, the types of transports best suited, in the litera-ture, are the railway and waterway. For this, is describe the development and spread of coffee throughout Brazil. Subsequently, is calculate the current cost of transporting two producing regions (Minas Gerais and Rondônia), using for that information about the freight, the social cost, and the level of losses along the way. After that is projected costs if utilizes the multi-modal model, when considering the same cost parameters used for the current model. Here-after, an analysis is made of the obtained cost, speed, consistency, capacity, availability and frequency of each transport model. Therefore, note that the multi-modal system is more ef-ficient and economical than current, based on transport by road

Resolução de alteração estéticaem dente anterior com projeção cervical de esmalte

Enamel projection is often localized in furcation area between the roots of molars and is considered as predisposing factor for localized periodontal disease. When localized in anterior teeth, may determine anti-aesthetic condition as gingival recession. In this case, an enamel projection in tooth 23 produce an anti-aesthetic condition with was treated by mucogingival surgery.