Efeito da concentração de fibra e parâmetros operacionais de extrusão sobre as propriedades de pasta de misturas de fécula de mandioca e polpa cítrica

Para preencher as várias demandas para funcionalidades em produtos alimentícios, a fécula de mandioca misturada à polpa de laranja desidratada foi extrusada sob diferentes condições (0 a 20% de fibras na mistura); (14,6 a 21,4% de umidade) e (60,8 a 129 ºC) de temperatura de extrusão, objetivando o uso em produtos instantâneos ricos em fibras. A rotação da rosca foi mantida constante em 272 rpm, a abertura da matriz foi 3 mm, a taxa de compressão da rosca foi 3:1 e a taxa de alimentação foi de 150 g/minuto. Os produtos extrusados moídos foram analisados para as propriedades de pasta: viscosidade inicial, pico de viscosidade, quebra de viscosidade, viscosidade final e tendência à retrogradação no Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA), tendo em vista a importância destes parâmetros para este tipo de utilização. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a porcentagem de fibras foi o parâmetro de maior influência nas propriedades de pasta, e que nas condições de baixo teor de fibras, elevada temperatura e baixa umidade pode ter ocorrido degradação acentuada do amido e solubilização das fibras, levando à redução dos parâmetros de viscosidade.

Effect of adding unconventional raw materials on the technological properties of rice fresh pasta

The aim of this study was to develop fettuccini type rice fresh pasta by cold extrusion. To produce the pasta, a 2² Central Composite Rotational Design was used, in which the effects of the addition of pre-gelatinized rice flour - PGRF (0-60%) and modified egg albumin - MEA (0-10%) were studied. The dependent variables were the results of the cooking test and of the instrumental texture. The optimum cooking time for all of the formulations of rice fresh pasta was 3 minutes. MEA had a greater effect on increasing the weight of the pasta when compared to that of PGRF. It was found that with the addition of PGRF increase in loss of solids in cooking water, whereas MEA exerted the opposite effect on this parameter. Moreover, the maximum value of MEA (10%) had an optimum effect on pasta firmness, while PGRF had a negative effect on this parameter. The maximum values of PGRF and MEA reduced the stickiness of the pasta. Based on these results and on the parameters considered as most important, the rice pasta with the best technological characteristics was that with the maximum levels of MEA (10%) and no addition of PGRF (0%). This product was submitted to sensory and microbiological analyses, with good results.

Effects of orange by-product fiber incorporation on the functional and technological properties of pasta

AbstractThe incorporation of fiber into products consumed every day by the general population is important and viable. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the impact of incorporating orange juice industry dietary fiber byproducts in fettuccini of fresh pasta. Three different fiber concentrations were added to fresh pastas (25 g/kg, 50 g/kg and 75 g/kg). The results showed a significant increase in solid loss content when the incorporation of orange fiber was greater than 50 g/kg. This difference did not occur regarding weight increase values and color parameters. The pasta with 75 g/kg orange fiber can be considered a “high fiber” product, with the total dietary fiber content of the pasta increasing by 99% compared to control pasta. The carotenoid and phenolic contents of pasta increased significantly with the incorporation of fiber at 75 g/kg, but only the pasta formulation with 25 g/kg of orange fiber did not differ from control pasta in relation to all of the sensory attributes and presented an acceptance greater than 75%. The addition of orange fiber byproducts to pastas is an interesting alternative because fiber has a high nutritional value and an abundance of antioxidants.

Optimization and functionality of millet supplemented pasta

Abstract Millets are having superior nutritional qualities and health benefits; hence they can be used for supplementation of pasta. Pasta was prepared using composite flour (CF) of durum wheat semolina (96%) and carrot pomace (4%) supplemented with finger millet flour (FMF, 0-20g), pearl millet flour (PMF, 0-30g) and carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC, 2-4g). Second order polynomial described the effect of FMF, PMF and CMC on lightness, firmness, gruel loss and overall acceptability of extruded pasta products. Results indicate that an increasing proportion of finger and pearl millet flour had signed (p≤0.05) negative effect on lightness, firmness, gruel loss and overall acceptability. However, CMC addition showed significant (p≤0. 05) positive effect on firmness, overall acceptability and negative effect on gruel loss of cooked pasta samples. Numeric optimization results showed that optimum values for extruded pasta were 20g FMF, 12g PMF and 4g CMC per 100g of CF and 34ml water with 0.981 desirability. The pasta developed is nutritionally rich as it contains protein (10.16g), fat (6g), dietary fiber (16.71g), calcium (4.23mg), iron (3.99mg) and zinc (1.682mg) per 100g.

Fresh pasta enrichment with protein concentrate of tilapia: nutritional and sensory characteristics

Abstract With the goal of developing and characterizing the nutritional and sensory aspects of fresh pasta supplemented with tilapia protein concentrate, four types of pasta were prepared, with inclusion of 0, 10, 20, or 30% of tilapia protein concentrate. Linear effects were observed (P < 0.01) in crude protein, total lipids, ash, carbohydrate, and caloric values; these parameters increased with increasing amounts of tilapia protein concentrate in the pasta. The concentration of Na, P, Ca, Mg, and Zn increased linearly (P < 0.01) in correlation with the increase in protein concentrate content, while Fe content decreased linearly (P < 0.01). In the sensory analysis, texture, overall impression, and the acceptance index demonstrated a cubic regression (P < 0.05), with the inclusion of 20% protein concentrate yielding the best scores. Including up to 30% of tilapia protein concentrate in pasta yields an increased nutritional value, but based on the sensory results, 20% of tilapia protein concentrate in pasta is the recommended maximum level.

Utilización de subproductos de camarón coextruidos con pasta de soya como ingrediente en dietas balanceadas para camarón Penaeus vannamei

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Recursos Alimenticios y Producción Acuícola) UANL

Desarrollo de coextruidos de pasta de soya (Glycine max) y subproductos de carpa herbívora (Ctenopharyngodon idella) para nutrición de bagre (Ictalurus punctatus)

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Recursos Alimenticios y Producción Acuícola) UANL

Electrodos de pasta de carbón modificados con residuos de café para cuantificar metales pesados en solución acuosa.

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Orientación en Procesos Sustentables) UANL, 2012.

D'on ve? : la pasta. '¿De donde viene? : la pasta'.

Partiendo de la sémola de trigo, y con imágenes históricas de una fábrica que elabora pasta, se hace un recorrido por el proceso de fabricación actual.

Prevenção dos riscos profissionais nas paragens e manutenções industriais : o caso da máquina de pasta de uma fábrica de pasta de papel

Todas as profissões envolvem riscos associados à sua especificidade e ao ambiente laboral, podendo originar acidentes de trabalho ou doenças profissionais. A manutenção realiza-se em todos os setores e locais de trabalho, envolvendo grande variedade de tarefas, englobando perigos e riscos elevados. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo principal a prevenção de riscos profissionais em paragens industriais de manutenção na indústria papeleira. A metodologia usada teve como princípio a participação direta em paragens de manutenção, sendo uma pesquisa exploratória e participativa. Verificou-se a necessidade de identificar perigos e consequentes riscos profissionais a que trabalhadores externos, responsáveis pela manutenção, estão sujeitos, bem como medidas de prevenção. A metodologia usada teve como princípio a participação direta em paragens de manutenção, sendo uma pesquisa exploratória e participativa. O método qualitativo de avaliação de riscos usado, CRAM, 4x4, define três níveis de risco: Baixo, Médio e Alto. A aplicação deste método à operação de substituição de rolos da prensa de uma máquina de pasta de papel permitiu avaliar e hierarquizar os riscos presentes nesta operação. Na sequência dos resultados obtidos a redução do risco é feita através do estabelecimento de medidas que diminuam a sua probabilidade de ocorrência e minimizem a severidade dos respetivos danos, estruturando o planeamento detalhado da execução das tarefas, dando informação/formação aos trabalhadores e à fiscalização dos trabalhos, através de um acompanhamento mais ativo.

Tratamento de perfurações radiculares com pasta de hidróxido de cálcio e iodofórmio : influência da aplicação de curativo à base de corticóides; estudo histológico em dentes de cão

Esta pesquisa teve como proposta avaliar histopatologicamente,os efeitos do tratamento de perfurações radiculares, empregando medicamentos à base de corticóide e antibiótico como curativo, seu posterior preenchimento com uma pasta aquosa de hidróxido de cálcio e iodofórmio e, também, a utilização dessa pasta durante todo o período experimental. Para tanto, foram utilizados os segundos e terceiros pré-molares superiores e os terceiros e quartos inferiores de 6 cães adultos jovens. Nestes dentes, sob isolamento absoluto do campo operatório com dique de borracha, efetuou-se a obturação dos canais radiculares, e após a limpeza da câmara pulpar, procedeu-se a perfuração radicular na raiz mesial para a região interradicular e lateralmente disposta à furca. Como curativo foram utilizados o Rifocort e o Otosporin, que permaneciam por 7 dias no trajeto perfurado e em contato com os tecidos periodontais da região. Passado esse período, o curativo era substituído por uma pasta aquosa de hidróxido de cálcio e iodofórmio e todos os dentes eram radiografados antes e depois da substituição do material. Decorridos 90 dias, os animais foram sacrificados por meio de perfusão e as peças removidas, radiografadas e preparadas para se obter cortes histológicos, os quais foram corados pela hematoxilina e eosina e pelo tricrômico de Masson. Pelos resultados obtidos neste trabalho, é válido concluir que: a) as perfurações seladas imediatamente com a pasta aquosa de hidróxido de cálcio e iodofórmio apresentaram melhores resultados no exame histológico, onde ficaram evidenciadas menor quantidade do processo inflamatório e maior hiper-plasia de cemento; b) não houve diferença significante entre as perfurações tratadas com os medicamentos Rifocort e Otosporin; c) os dentes cujas perfurações permaneceram sem nenhum tratamento durante 7 dias, exibiram uma resposta menos favorável e sem evidência de reparação na área perfurada; d) as imagens radiográficas, no que se refere á extensão de destruição do tecido ósseo alveolar, foram compatfveis com os quadros histológicos, não havendo evidências, porém, da neoformação do tecido cementário.

Desenvolvimento de um sistema misto de pasta à base de geopolímero e cimento portland para correção de perda de circulação

The materials engineering includes processes and products involving several areas of engineering, allowing them to prepare materials that fulfill the needs of various new products. In this case, this work aims to study a system composed of cement paste and geopolymers, which can contribute to solving an engineering problem that directly involves the exploitation of oil wells subject to loss of circulation. To correct it, has been already proposed the use of granular materials, fibers, reducing the drilling fluid or cement paste density and even surface and downhole mixed systems. In this work, we proposed the development of a slurry mixed system, the first was a cement-based slurry and the second a geopolymer-based slurry. The cement-based slurry was formulated with low density and extenders, 12.0 ppg (1.438 g/cm ³), showing great thixotropic characteristics. It was added nano silica at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 gps (66.88, 133.76 and 200.64 L/m3) and CaCl2 at concentrations of 0.5, 1, 0 and 1.5%. The second system is a geopolymer-based paste formulated from molar ratios of 3.5 (nSiO2/nAl2O3), 0.27 (nK2O/nSiO2), 1.07 (nK2O/nAl2O3) and 13.99 (nH2O/nK2O). Finally, we performed a mixture of these two systems, for their application for correction of circulation lost. To characterize the raw materials, XRD, XRF, FTIR analysis and titration were performed. The both systems were characterized in tests based on API RP10B. Compressive strength tests were conducted after curing for 24 hours, 7 and 28 days at 58 °C on the cement-based system and the geopolymer-based system. From the mixtures have been performed mixability tests and micro structural characterizations (XRD, SEM and TG). The results showed that the nano silica, when combined with CaCl2 modified the rheological properties of the cement slurry and from the concentration of 1.5 gpc (200.64 L / m³) it was possible to obtain stable systems. The system mixture caused a change in the microstructure of the material by favoring the rate of geopolymer formation to hinder the C3S phase hydration, thus, the production of CSH phases and Portlandite were harmed. Through the mixability tests it can be concluded that the system, due to reduced setting time of the mixture, can be applied to plug lost circulation zones when mixed downhole

Efeito da adição de fibras da palma do licuri (syagrus coronata) no comportamento físico e mecânico de compósitos de matriz cimentícia

This research was motivated by the requirement of asbestos s replacement in building systems and the need to generate jobs and income in the country side of the state of Bahia, Brazil. The project aimed at using fibers from licuri leaves (syagrus coronata), an abundant palm in the region, to produce composites appropriate for the sustainable production of cement fibre reinforced products in small plants. The composites were produced in laboratory using Portland cement CP-II-F32, sand, water, licuri palm fiber contents of 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% by weight of binder (two different fiber length) and metakaolin. The latter was chosen as an additional binder for its efficiency to reduce the alkalinity of cementitious matrixes therefore preventing the degradation of vegetable fibers. The characterization of the composite components was carried out by sieving and laser particle size analyses, thermal analysis, fluorescence and X-ray diffraction. The composites performance was evaluated by 3- point-bending tests, compressive strength, ultrasound module of elasticity, free and restrained shrinkage, water capillarity absorption and apparent specific gravity. It has been found that the addition of fibers increased the time to onset of cracking over 200.00% and a 25% reduction in cracks opening in the restrained shrinkage test. The capillary absorption reduced about 25% when compared to fiber-free composites. It was also observed with regard to flexural strength, compressive strength and specific gravity, that the addiction of fibers did not affect the composite performance presenting similar results for compounds with and without fibers. In general it can be stated that the reinforced composite fibers of palm licuri presents physical and mechanical characteristics which enable them to be used in the intended proposals of this research

Estudo do resíduo fosfogesso na formulação de uma pasta para revestimento interno de edifícios

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte

Efeito da adição de microfibras de lã de vidro na tenacidade à ruptura de pastas de cimento para poços de petróleo

Although there are a wide variety of additives that act in fresh state, to adjust the properties of cement, there is also a search by additions that improve the tenacity of the cement in the hardened state. This, in turn, can often be increased by inserting fibers, which act on the deflection of microcracks. This study aimed to use a microfiber glass wool (silica-based) as an additive reinforcing the cement matrix, improving the rupture tenacity, in order to prevent the propagation of microcracks in the cement sheath commonly found in oil wells submitted to high temperatures. The fibers were added at different concentrations, 2 to 5% (BWOC) and varied average sizes, grinding for 90 s, 180 s, 300 s, 600 s. The cement slurries were made with a density of 1,90 g/ cm3 (15,6 lb/gal), using Portland cement CPP- Special Class as the hydraulic binder and 40% silica flour. The characterization of the fiber was made by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), particle size by sieving, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetry (TG / DTG). Were performed technological tests set by the API (American Petroleum Institute) by rheology, stability, free water, compressive strength, as well as testing rupture energy, elastic modulus and permeability. The characterization results showed good thermal stability of the microfiber glass wool for application in oil wells submitted to steam injection and, also, that from the particle size data, it was possible to suggest that microfibers milled up to 300 s, are ideal to act as reinforcement to the cement slurries. The rheological parameters, there was committal of plastic viscosity when larger lengths were inserted of microfiber (F90). The values obtained by free water and stability were presented according to API. The mechanical properties, the incorporation of microfiber to the cement slurries gave better rupture tenacity, as compared to reference cement slurries. The values of compressive strength, elastic modulus and permeability have been maintained with respect to the reference cement slurries. Thus, cement slurries reinforced with microfiber glass wool can ensure good application for cementing oil wells submitted to steam injection, which requires control of microcracks, due to the thermal gradients