Microestrutura de mercado : uma análise dos dados de alta frequencia do minicontrato de futuro de índice Bovespa

Este trabalho examina hipóteses de microestrutura de mercado nos dados de minicontratos futuros do Ibovespa divulgados em alta frequência pelo sinal de market data da BM&FBOVESPA. Para a análise, foi utilizado o modelo de duração condicional autoregressivo, o qual permite o tratamento estatístico de séries financeiras que possuem distribuição em espaços irregulares de tempo e padrões condicionais ao conjunto de informações disponíveis no mercado. A contribuição deste trabalho reside na validação das premissas sobre microestrutura nos mercados de futuros de índice, que são diferentes dos mercados de ações, pois não existe a figura do formador de mercado, e a literatura global sugere que o efeito da assimetria de informação é insignificante na formação de preços devido à diversificação de ativos dos índices. Em contrapartida, o especulador é o provedor de liquidez neste mercado, e seu papel na intensidade de negociação, volume e spread é avaliado. Os resultados confirmam a relação negativa entre intensidade de negociação, volume e spread e corroboram a tese de que a liquidez de mercado pode ser entendida como o preço pela demanda por execução imediata de negócios.

Determinação da microestrutura e relação com as propriedades dos terpolímeros de etileno-propileno-alfa-olefinas

Na busca por novos materiais, foram sintetizados uma série de terpolímeros de etilenopropileno –α-olefinas superiores (1-hexeno, 1-deceno e 1-octadeceno) usando o sistema catalítico rac-Et[Ind]2ZrCl2/MAO. A razão entre E/P foi variada e duas concentrações de termonômeros foram estudadas. Neste trabalho foram apresentados os resultados qualitativos e quantitativos da caracterização desses terpolímeros através da técnica de ressonância magnética de carbono 13 (RMN de 13C). Foram apresentados os deslocamentos químicos observados e devidamente identificados, assim como a análise quantitativa da distribuição das tríades, do comprimento médio de unidades consecutivas e das razões de reatividade. O efeito da adição de uma olefina de cadeia longa ao sistema etileno-propileno foi avaliado através dos resultados obtidos da atividade catalítica, teor de incorporação, nas propriedades térmicas, na massa molar e propriedades mecânicas. Também foi realizado um estudo da heterogeneidade de algumas amostras através do fracionamento por eluição com gradiente de temperatura (TREF). O sistema rac-Et[Ind]2ZrCl2/MAO mostrou-se eficiente na terpolimerização do etileno e a técnica de RMN de 13C permitiu a completa caracterização de todos os terpolímeros obtidos. Esses terpolímeros mostraram-se como um sistema complexo onde foi possível observar que, dependendo do tipo de olefina que irá coordenar no sítio ativo do rac- Et[Ind]2ZrCl2/MAO, haverá mudanças significativas nas atividade e nas propriedades desses materiais. Verificou-se que as três α-olefinas superiores estudadas foram incorporadas a cadeia polimérica, sendo que na maioria dos casos a α-olefina mais incorporada foi o 1-octadeceno nas duas concentrações de termonômero analisadas. O aumento da incorporação de propeno acarreta uma diminuição no teor de termonômero incorporado. A incorporação do propeno acarreta uma diminuição das unidades cristalizáveis de etileno, provocando um decréscimo na temperatura de fusão, com o aumento da incorporação de propeno ocorre um aumento das seqüências de propeno cristalizáveis e conseqüentemente a temperatura de fusão. A massa molecular também diminui devido ao aumento das reações de terminação por β-eliminação de hidreto. Observou-se que os terpolímero apresentaram um módulo menor do que os copolímeros. Esses terpolímeros estudados apresentaram um comportamento elastomérico, podendo ser classificados como Elastômeros Termoplásticos.

Da descrição lexicográfica : o caso dos adjetivos estéticos no português brasileiro

Tendo como objetivo a investigação acerca da descrição lexicográfica dos adjetivos estéticos, este trabalho observou como se estruturam a microestrutura, no enfoque da descrição sintático-semântica, e a macroestrutura, no que toca à organização lexical, de adjetivos do campo semântico da estética, em dicionários vernaculares do português brasileiro. Fundamentaram a análise dos dados os conceitos, definições e metodologia de elaboração de artigos de dicionário da Teoria Lexicológica Explicativo-Combinatória, bem como das pesquisas léxicosemânticas presentes no Dicionário Explicativo-Combinatório do Francês Contemporâneo. Observou-se que os adjetivos descritos nos dicionários vernaculares carecem da informação lexical que é passível de ser delineada apenas mediante uma descrição sintático-semântica acurada e rigorosa, em termos de lexicografia com base lexicológica. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de serem estruturadas as entradas lexicais de adjetivos estéticos em obras lexicográficas, com base na sua caracterização sintático-semântica, que envolve, entre outras, questões de tipologia denotacional e inter-relação sintaxesemântica.

Efeito da moagem de alta energia na microestrutura e nas propriedades magnéticas do compósito wc-10%p.Co

This work a studied the high energy milling effect in microstructure and magnetic properties of the WC-10wt.%Co composite. The composite powders were prepared by mechanical mixed and milled at 2 hours, 100 hours, 200 hours and 300 hours in planetary milling. After this process the composite were compacted in stainless steel die with cylindrical county of 10 mm of diameter, at pressure 200 Mpa and sintered in a resistive furnace in argon atmosphere at 1400 oC for 5 min. The sintered composite were cutted, inlaid, sandpapered, and polished. The microestrutural parameters of the composite was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electronic microscopy, optical microscopy, hardness, magnetic propriety and Rietveld method analyze. The results shows, with milling time increase the particle size decrease, it possibility minor temperature of sintering. The increase of milling time caused allotropic transformation in cobalt phase and cold welding between particles. The cold welding caused the formation of the particle composite. The X-ray diffraction pattern of composite powders shows the WC peaks intensity decrease with the milling time increase. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the composite sintered samples shows the other phases. The magnetic measurements detected a significant increase in the coercitive field and a decrease in the saturation magnetization with milling time increase. The increase coercitive field it was also verified with decrease grain size with milling time increase. For the composite powders the increase coercitive field it was verified with particle size reduction and saturation magnetization variation is relate with the variation of free cobalt. The Rietveld method analyze shows at milling time increase the mean crystalline size of WC, and Co-cfc phases in composite sintered sample are higher than in composite powders. The mean crystallite size of Co-hc phase in composite powders is higher than in composite sintered sample. The mean lattice strains of WC, Co-hc and Co-cfc phases in composite powders are higher than in composite sintered samples. The cells parameters of the composite powder decrease at milling time increase this effect came from the particle size reduction at milling time increase. In sintered composite the cells parameters is constant with milling time increase

Membrana de alumina anódica: comportamento da microestrutura e estudo das propriedades ópticas após tratamento térmico

Thin commercial aluminum electrolytic and passed through reactions was obtained with anodic alumina membranes nanopores. These materials have applications in areas recognized electronic, biomedical, chemical and biological weapons, especially in obtaining nanostructures using these membranes as a substrate or template for processing nanowires, nanodots and nanofibers for applications noble. Previous studies showed that the membranes that have undergone heat treatment temperature to 1300° C underwent changes in morphology, crystal structure and optical properties. This aim, this thesis, a study of the heat treatment of porous anodic alumina membranes, in order to obtain and to characterize the behavior changes structures during the crystallization process of the membranes, at temperatures ranging between 300 and 1700° C. It was therefore necessary to mount a system formed by a tubular furnace resistive alumina tube and controlled environment, applying flux with special blend of Ag-87% and 13% N2, in which argon had the role of carrying out the oxygen nitrogen system and induce the closing of the pores during the densification of the membrane. The duration of heat treatment ranged from 60 to 15 minutes, at temperatures from 300 to 1700° C respectively. With the heat treatment occurred: a drastic reduction of porosity, grain growth and increased translucency of the membrane. For the characterization of the membranes were analyzed properties: Physical - thermogravimetric, X-ray diffraction, BET surface area; morphological - SEM, EDS through compositional and, optical absorbance, and transmittance in the UV-VIS, and FTIR. The results using the SEM showed that crystallization has occurred, densification and significant changes in membrane structure, as well as obtaining microtube, the BET analysis showed a decrease in specific surface area of the membranes has to 44.381 m2.g-1 to less than 1.8 m2.g-1 and in the analysis of transmittance and absorbance was found a value of 16.5% in the range of 800 nm, characteristic of the near infrared and FTIR have confirmed the molecular groups of the material. Thus, one can say that the membranes were mixed characteristics and properties which qualify for use in gas filtration system, as well as applications in the range of optical wavelength of the infra-red, and as a substrate of nanomaterials. This requires the continuation and deepening of additional study

Estudo da adição de resíduo de scheelita em matriz cerâmica: formulação, propriedades físicas e microestrutura

Extractivism mineral is considered an activity highly degrading, due to the large volume of material that he moves in the form of ore and residues. The vast majority of mining companies do not show any technology or economically viable application that will allow the recycling of mineral residue, these being launched in areas receiving located the "open skies" degrade the environment. In Rio Grande do Norte to the production of ceramic red restricts their activities to the production of products such as: solid bricks, ceramic blocks, tiles, among others. Seeking to unite experiences and technical information that favor sustainable development, with important benefits to the construction sector and civil society in general, the present work studies the incorporation of the residue of scheelite in ceramic matrix kaolinitic, coming from the municipality of Boa Saúde - RN, in percentage of 5 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30% 40% and 50 %, by evaluating its microstructure, physical properties and formulation. The raw materials were characterized through the trials of X ray fluorescence, Diffraction of X rays, Differential Thermal Analysis and Termogravimetric Analysis. The samples were formed and fired at temperatures of 850o, 900o, 1000o, 1050o, 1100o, 1150o and 1200 oC, with isotherm of 1 hour and heating rate of 10 oC/min. Assays were performed technological of loss to fire, Water Absorption, Apparent Porosity, Apparent Density, Mass Loss in Fire and Bending Resistance; in addition to the Scanning Electron Microscopy, analyzing their physical and mechanical properties. The use of residue of scheelite in ceramic mass kaolinitic provided a final product with technological properties that meet the technical standards for the production of bricks and roofing tiles, with the percentage of 20% of waste that showed the best results

A microestrutura e o desenvolvimento dos órgãos genitais masculinos de preás (Galea spixii) criados em cativeiro

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Vocabulário técnico e formação dos profissionais da área têxtil: necessidade, elaboração e avaliação de um dicionário de terminologia do vestuário

This research work deals with the compilation of a dictionary on clothing terminology intended to be used as a pedagogic tool as part of the teaching and learning process in the Textile Engineering Course at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. The main terms were selected and assessed by a team of textile teachers and students with the objective to be structured as a conceptual body of information on the following sub-areas of clothing terminology: materials (fabrics and trimmings) and products (garments). This research comprises three main steps: (a) characterization and understanding of the technical vocabulary in the clothing area as well as the identification of a pedagogic demand for a dictionary on clothing terminology, clearly expressed by the textile lecturers and students involved in the assessment of the need and validation of this project development; (b) a proposal for a specific methodology for the compilation of the dictionary which could help the communication process in the lecturing of clothing terminology and (c) based on the terminological principles and the technique of focal groups the dictionary was assessed. The technique of focal groups was used in the first step. In the second step the technique used was that of the terminological methodology adapted to the teaching approach in the Textile Course. In the third step the technique of focal groups was again utilized. It was observed that the main concern of lecturers and students is the lack of a standardized vocabulary, which renders difficult the communication process in both the teaching and learning activities as well as the professional ones in the textile industries. Various aspects, which can overlap, cause this lack of standardization. The main ones pointed out by the study team in the focal groups are: usage of regional words or expressions, usage of foreign words or expressions, analogies, and the low level of formal education, mainly among the industry workers. Another aspect to be considered is the lack of textile literature written in the Portuguese language of Brazil. This evidence shows the importance of a clothing terminology dictionary which will benefit both the education and professional activties in this field of knowledge. This dictionary will also give a substantial contribution to terminological standardization in our research field. With view to fulfill this demand, a dictionary of clothing terminology was compiled with 760 main entries, according to the modern practice in terminology with the necessary modifications concerning our needs. The result of the dictionary assessment was very assertive regarding its structure, contents and possible use in various contexts. The team work emphasized their contribution to the standardization process of the terms that proved to be one of the most important and difficult aspects of this researh work. The significance of this structured terminological dictionary was confirmed by the focal group participants relating to its use for teaching and learning activities, as a reference book, as a source of technical information and also as a tool for pedagogic studies and planning, as well as a significant collaboration to the pedagogic practices in the textile engineering course at University or any other educational institution. Besides, this dictionary can also be used to supply information within the textile field. We are aware that the present work will not exhaust the objectives of this research due to its limitations in opposition to the vast complexity demanded by the compilation of a complete work including all the areas and sub-areas of textile engineering. However, it is an important source for dissemination of concepts on the field of clothing terminology and a tool to effective standardization of the terms used in this subject field

Caracterização de escovas de grafite e avaliação do seu desempenho em função da microestrutura

The electric can be converted into thermal, luminous, electromagnetic, and also in mechanical energy. In this context the electric engines plays a fundamental role, specially that they work very below of its nominal capacity, with consequent decrease load density. In industrial environment, these characteristics of work of DC engines had also generated an extreme consumption of coal brushs and attack in the commutator reducing the useful life of the engine and increasing maintenance demand and cost. The general objective of the present work is to study the influence of the granulometry of the coal brush used in DC engines with the resistance to the consumption of the same ones, as well as in the performance presented by the commutator of the engine. Additionally, determining the measurable and not measurable profits when the brush used is adjusted to the application. The brushes had been produced by an industry of the sector and tested in industrial environment to evaluate their performance and consumption. Preliminary results evidence a substantial improvement in the performance of these brushes in function of its microstructure and the application in which it is used

Engenharia de microestrutura em varistor à base de ZnO: evidências de homogeneidade e correlação com reações químicas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)