996 resultados para microbial metabolic quotient


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We aimed at evaluating the association between intestinal Lactobacillus sp. composition and their metabolic activity with the host metabolism in adult and elderly individuals. Faecal and plasma metabolites were measured and correlated to the Lactobacillus species distribution in healthy Estonian cohorts of adult (n=16; <48 y) and elderly (n=33; >65 y). Total cholesterol, LDL, C-reactive protein and glycated hemoglobin were statistically higher in elderly, while platelets, white blood cells and urinary creatinine were higher in adults. Aging was associated with the presence of L. paracasei and L. plantarum and the absence of L. salivarius and L. helveticus. High levels of intestinal Lactobacillus sp. were positively associated with increased concentrations of faecal short chain fatty acids, lactate and essential amino acids. In adults, high red blood cell distribution width was positively associated with presence of L. helveticus and absence of L. ruminis. L. helveticus was correlated to lactate and butyrate in faecal waters. This indicates a strong relationship between the composition of the gut Lactobacillus sp. and host metabolism. Our results confirm that aging is associated with modulations of blood biomarkers and intestinal Lactobacillus species composition. We identified specific Lactobacillus contributions to gut metabolic environment and related those to blood biomarkers. Such associations may prove useful to decipher the biological mechanisms underlying host-gut microbial metabolic interactions in an ageing population.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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In Brazil, the upland rice Culture system is predominant, but its water supply depends of precipitation and its distribution. Sol-lie practices or disturbances on soil conditions may cause alterations that call be detected by microorganisms, which are quite sensitive. This experiment was developed to study microbiological alterations (microbial biomass carbon (MBC), released CO2 (C-CO2), metabolic quotient (qCO(2)) and mycorrhization), as well as alterations in soil fertility and productivity of upland rice, cultivated under different soil and water managements. Cultivar BRS Talento was used in the experiment. The experimental design was a completely randomized block design, with four replications, using three soil managements: no-tillage (NT), heavy disk + leveling disk harrowing (HL), and chisel plowing + leveling disk harrowing (CL), plus three water managements: no irrigation (WD0); water depth 1 (WD1), with irrigation at the reproductive and maturation periods; and water depth 2 (WD2), with irrigation throughout the rice cycle. Autochthones arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi proved to be sensitive to soil and water management. The NT presented the highest values for MO, Ca, SB and V% and the lowest for H+A1. This management, together with irrigation at the reproductive and maturation periods of BRS Talento cultivar, promoted goods results for crop yield and microbiology characteristics.

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Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito do atrazine em mistura com nicosulfuron sobre a atividade microbiológica do solo em sistema de cultivo convencional ou semeadura direta. O estudo foi realizado em área de integração milho-braquiária, sendo feitas aplicações dos herbicidas atrazine + nicosulfuron em duas dosagens (1.500 + 10 e 1.500 + 30 g h-1) e mantidas duas áreas testemunhas: não capinada e capinada sem cultivo. Por ocasião do florescimento, foram retiradas amostras do solo em cada unidade experimental, para determinação da taxa de desprendimento de CO2, carbono da biomassa microbiana (CBM) e quociente metabólico (qCO2). Entre os sistemas de cultivo, a taxa de desprendimento de CO2 foi menor nas parcelas não capinadas. O CBM foi maior no sistema de plantio direto, sendo afetado negativamente pela ausência de vegetação. Menores valores para CBM foram observados nas amostras de solo das parcelas capinadas. Os maiores valores de qCO2 foram observados no sistema convencional. No sistema de plantio direto não se verificou diferença entre os tratamentos cujo solo recebeu herbicida e o isento de capinas. Dessa forma, pode-se concluir que os indicadores microbiológicos avaliados foram sensíveis aos tratamentos propostos, indicando menor distúrbio ao solo quando em sistema de semeadura direta. Entretanto, na integração lavoura-pecuária em sistema convencional de cultivo, o efeito negativo dos herbicidas é aumentado com o incremento na dose do nicosulfuron.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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O Brasil possui cerca de 32 milhões de hectares de áreas com aptidão para a expansão da cultura da palma de óleo e mais de 90% destas estão na Amazônia. Há necessidade de compreender a interação de novos plantios e de seu desenvolvimento com o meio ambiente. Este estudo foi conduzido em plantios comerciais da empresa Dendê do Pará SA (DENPASA) em Castanhal – Pará e avaliou o efeito da variação sazonal da precipitação sobre a fertilidade do solo e desta sobre a biomassa microbiana do solo em uma cronosseqüencia de plantios de palma de óleo com 5, 8 e 12 anos e floresta secundária. Foram mensurados/estimados e correlacionados os atributos do solo carbono da biomassa microbiana (CBMS), carbono total (CTOTAL), nitrogênio (NTOTAL), respiração basal (RBS), quociente metabólico (qCO2), relação carbono da biomassa microbiana/ carbono total (CBMS:CTOTAL), relação carbono/nitrogênio (C/N), umidade gravimétrica (Ug), fósforo (P), potássio (K), cálcio (Ca), magnésio (Mg), alumínio (Al), capacidade de troca efetiva de cátions (CTC) e saturação por alumínio (m). O CBMS foi o atributo mais sensível para diferenciar as áreas do estudo e os períodos seco e chuvoso. Os atributos químicos de fertilidade do solo e a biomassa microbiana do solo apresentaram correlações significativas mais fortes e em maior número no período chuvoso. Os índices microbianos qCO2 e CBMS:CTOTAL comprovaram que áreas de plantio convencional podem ser relativamente eficientes em relação à dinâmica do C em comparação a área de floresta secundária.

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The use of cover crops has been suggested as an effective method to maintain and/or increase the organic matter content, while maintaining and/or enhancing the soil physical, chemical and biological properties. The fertility of Cerrado soils is low and, consequently, phosphorus levels as well. Phosphorus is required at every metabolic stage of the plant, as it plays a role in the processes of protein and energy synthesis and influences the photosynthetic process. This study evaluated the influence of cover crops and phosphorus rates on soil chemical and biological properties after two consecutive years of common bean. The study analyzed an Oxisol in Selvíria (Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil), in a randomized block, split plot design, in a total of 24 treatments with three replications. The plot treatments consisted of cover crops (millet, pigeon pea, crotalaria, velvet bean, millet + pigeon pea, millet + crotalaria, and millet + velvet bean) and one plot was left fallow. The subplots were represented by phosphorus rates applied as monoammonium phosphate (0, 60 and 90 kg ha-1 P2O5). In August 2011, the soil chemical properties were evaluated (pH, organic matter, phosphorus, potential acidity, cation exchange capacity, and base saturation) as well as biological variables (carbon of released CO2, microbial carbon, metabolic quotient and microbial quotient). After two years of cover crops in rotation with common bean, the cover crop biomass had not altered the soil chemical properties and barely influenced the microbial activity. The biomass production of millet and crotalaria (monoculture or intercropped) was highest. The biological variables were sensitive and responded to increasing phosphorus rates with increases in microbial carbon and reduction of the metabolic quotient.

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV

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Agricultural management systems can alter the physical and biological soil quality, interfering with crop development. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical and microbiological attributes of a Red Latosol, and its relationship to the biometric parameters of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), irrigated and grown under two management systems (conventional tillage and direct seeding), in Campinas in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The experimental design was of randomised blocks, with a split-plot arrangement for the management system and soil depth, analysed during the 2006/7 and 2007/8 harvest seasons, with 4 replications. The soil physical and microbiological attributes were evaluated at depths of 0.00-0.05, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m. The following were determined for the crop: density, number of pods per plant, number of beans per pod, thousand seed weight, total weight of the shoots and harvest index. Direct seeding resulted in a lower soil physical quality at a depth of 0.00-0.05 m compared to conventional tillage, while the opposite occurred at a depth of 0.05-0.10 m. The direct seeding showed higher soil biological quality, mainly indicated by the microbial biomass nitrogen, basal respiration and metabolic quotient. The biometric parameters in the bean were higher under the direct seeding compared to conventional tillage.