Persistence of endocrine disruption in zebrafish (Danio rerio) after discontinued exposure to the androgen 17β-trenbolone.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the androgenic endocrine disruptor 17β-trenbolone on the sexual development of zebrafish (Danio rerio) with special emphasis on the question of whether adverse outcomes of developmental exposure are reversible or persistent. An exposure scenario including a recovery phase was chosen to assess the potential reversibility of androgenic effects. Zebrafish were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of 17β-trenbolone (1 ng/L-30 ng/L) from fertilization until completion of gonad sexual differentiation (60 d posthatch). Thereafter, exposure was either followed by 40 d of recovery in clean water or continued until 100 d posthatch, the age when zebrafish start being able to reproduce. Fish exposed for 100 d to 10 ng/L or 30 ng/L 17β-trenbolone were masculinized at different biological effect levels, as evidenced from a concentration-dependent shift of the sex ratio toward males as well as a significantly increased maturity of testes. Gonad morphological masculinization occurred in parallel with decreased vitellogenin concentrations in both sexes. Changes of brain aromatase (cyp19b) mRNA expression showed no consistent trend with respect to either exposure duration or concentration. Gonad morphological masculinization as well as the decrease of vitellogenin persisted after depuration over 40 d in clean water. This lack of recovery suggests that androgenic effects on sexual development of zebrafish are irreversible.

Amorales, patoteros, chongos y pitucos. La homosexualidad masculina durante el primer peronismo (Buenos Aires, 1943-1955)

Este artículo estudia la identificación de los homosexuales varones como un grupo singular durante la primera década peronista, bajo la figura de los "amorales". A diferencia de principios de siglo XX, donde estaban integrados en el caótico ambiente de la mala vida. Los varones de mediados de siglo que tenían relaciones sexuales con varones comenzaron a ser destacados como una desviación peligrosa del ideal familiarista y heterosexista. Este proceso se explica a través de la masculinización de la clase obrera operada por el peronismo y la aparición contemporánea de los jóvenes como un sector social problemático y peligroso. Se estudia este desarrollo de la intolerancia comenzando en los primeros años '40 hasta llegar a las razzias antihomosexuales de 1954-1955 en las calles, bares y plazas de Buenos Aires. A diferencia de otras interpretaciones que subrayan el carácter ancilar de las batidas policiales, sostenemos que fueron más que una excusa en el combate del peronismo contra el catolicismo, pues se inscribían en tensiones más profundas del orden social, sexual y simbólico de la Argentina de posguerra.

O rural depois do êxodo : As implicações do despovoamento dos campos no distrito de Arroio do Só, município de Santa Maria/RS, Brasil

This study aims to understand the sociospatial transformations resulting from the depopulation of the fields and their effects on the rural landscape of Arroio do Só in Santa Maria - RS. To this end, we attempted to identify changes in the way of life of rural people, their activities and relationships and understand how this process has occurred, its causes and its impact on quality of life and social structure of the population that remained in place. The discussion on the modernization of agriculture is key to understanding this process. This district was chosen as a research site because it is a town that, in the past, had a very big socioeconomic dynamism, and now, according to the bankruptcy of several companies and the consequent emigration of much of the population, the sociospatial dynamic has changed. It was collected data from a secondary source of FIBGE and FEE in order to periodize population dynamics of the district, county and state. The qualitative research was conducted through interviews with the subjects in the field and their representatives, with the help of the Field Diary

Amorales, patoteros, chongos y pitucos. La homosexualidad masculina durante el primer peronismo (Buenos Aires, 1943-1955)

Este artículo estudia la identificación de los homosexuales varones como un grupo singular durante la primera década peronista, bajo la figura de los "amorales". A diferencia de principios de siglo XX, donde estaban integrados en el caótico ambiente de la mala vida. Los varones de mediados de siglo que tenían relaciones sexuales con varones comenzaron a ser destacados como una desviación peligrosa del ideal familiarista y heterosexista. Este proceso se explica a través de la masculinización de la clase obrera operada por el peronismo y la aparición contemporánea de los jóvenes como un sector social problemático y peligroso. Se estudia este desarrollo de la intolerancia comenzando en los primeros años '40 hasta llegar a las razzias antihomosexuales de 1954-1955 en las calles, bares y plazas de Buenos Aires. A diferencia de otras interpretaciones que subrayan el carácter ancilar de las batidas policiales, sostenemos que fueron más que una excusa en el combate del peronismo contra el catolicismo, pues se inscribían en tensiones más profundas del orden social, sexual y simbólico de la Argentina de posguerra.

O rural depois do êxodo : As implicações do despovoamento dos campos no distrito de Arroio do Só, município de Santa Maria/RS, Brasil

This study aims to understand the sociospatial transformations resulting from the depopulation of the fields and their effects on the rural landscape of Arroio do Só in Santa Maria - RS. To this end, we attempted to identify changes in the way of life of rural people, their activities and relationships and understand how this process has occurred, its causes and its impact on quality of life and social structure of the population that remained in place. The discussion on the modernization of agriculture is key to understanding this process. This district was chosen as a research site because it is a town that, in the past, had a very big socioeconomic dynamism, and now, according to the bankruptcy of several companies and the consequent emigration of much of the population, the sociospatial dynamic has changed. It was collected data from a secondary source of FIBGE and FEE in order to periodize population dynamics of the district, county and state. The qualitative research was conducted through interviews with the subjects in the field and their representatives, with the help of the Field Diary

Amorales, patoteros, chongos y pitucos. La homosexualidad masculina durante el primer peronismo (Buenos Aires, 1943-1955)

Este artículo estudia la identificación de los homosexuales varones como un grupo singular durante la primera década peronista, bajo la figura de los "amorales". A diferencia de principios de siglo XX, donde estaban integrados en el caótico ambiente de la mala vida. Los varones de mediados de siglo que tenían relaciones sexuales con varones comenzaron a ser destacados como una desviación peligrosa del ideal familiarista y heterosexista. Este proceso se explica a través de la masculinización de la clase obrera operada por el peronismo y la aparición contemporánea de los jóvenes como un sector social problemático y peligroso. Se estudia este desarrollo de la intolerancia comenzando en los primeros años '40 hasta llegar a las razzias antihomosexuales de 1954-1955 en las calles, bares y plazas de Buenos Aires. A diferencia de otras interpretaciones que subrayan el carácter ancilar de las batidas policiales, sostenemos que fueron más que una excusa en el combate del peronismo contra el catolicismo, pues se inscribían en tensiones más profundas del orden social, sexual y simbólico de la Argentina de posguerra.

O rural depois do êxodo : As implicações do despovoamento dos campos no distrito de Arroio do Só, município de Santa Maria/RS, Brasil

This study aims to understand the sociospatial transformations resulting from the depopulation of the fields and their effects on the rural landscape of Arroio do Só in Santa Maria - RS. To this end, we attempted to identify changes in the way of life of rural people, their activities and relationships and understand how this process has occurred, its causes and its impact on quality of life and social structure of the population that remained in place. The discussion on the modernization of agriculture is key to understanding this process. This district was chosen as a research site because it is a town that, in the past, had a very big socioeconomic dynamism, and now, according to the bankruptcy of several companies and the consequent emigration of much of the population, the sociospatial dynamic has changed. It was collected data from a secondary source of FIBGE and FEE in order to periodize population dynamics of the district, county and state. The qualitative research was conducted through interviews with the subjects in the field and their representatives, with the help of the Field Diary

The STAR protein QKI-6 is a translational repressor

The signal transduction and activation of RNA (STAR) family of RNA-binding proteins, whose members are evolutionarily conserved from yeast to humans, are important for a number of developmental decisions. For example, in the mouse, quaking proteins (QKI-5, QKI-6, and QKI-7) are essential for embryogenesis and myelination , whereas a closely related protein in Caenorhabditis elegans, germline defective-1 (GLD-1), is necessary for germ-line development. Recently, GLD-1 was found to be a translational repressor that acts through regulatory elements, called TGEs (for tra-2 and GLI elements), present in the 3′ untranslated region of the sex-determining gene tra-2. This gene promotes female development, and repression of tra-2 translation by TGEs is necessary for the male cell fates. The finding that GLD-1 inhibits tra-2 translation raises the possibility that other STAR family members act by a similar mechanism to control gene activity. Here we demonstrate, both in vitro and in vivo, that QKI-6 functions in the same manner as GLD-1 and can specifically bind to TGEs to repress translation of reporter constructs containing TGEs. In addition, expression of QKI-6 in C. elegans wild-type hermaphrodites or in hermaphrodites that are partially masculinized by a loss-of-function mutation in the sex-determining gene tra-3 results in masculinization of somatic tissues, consistent with QKI-6 repressing the activity of tra-2. These results strongly suggest that QKI-6 may control gene activity by operating through TGEs to regulate translation. In addition, our data support the hypothesis that other STAR family members may also be TGE-dependent translational regulators.

Functional testicular tissue does not masculinize development of the zebra finch song system.

Current theories of sexual differentiation maintain that ovarian estrogen prevents masculine development of the copulatory system in birds, whereas estrogen derived from testicular androgens promotes masculine sexual differentiation of neuroanatomy and sexual behavior in mammals. Paradoxically, some data suggest that the neural song system in zebra finches follows the mammalian pattern with estrogenic metabolites of testicular secretions causing masculine development. To test whether the removal of estrogen from males during early development would prevent the development of masculine song systems, zebra finches were treated embryonically with an inhibitor of estrogen synthesis. In addition, this treatment in genetic female zebra finches induced both functional ovarian and testicular tissue to develop, thus allowing the assessment of the direct effects of testicular secretions on song system development. In males, the inhibition of estrogen synthesis before hatching had a small but significant effect in demasculinizing one aspect of the neural song system. In treated females, the song systems remained morphologically feminine. These results suggest that masculinization of the song system is not determined solely by testicular androgens or their estrogenic metabolites.

The makings of maleness: towards an integrated view of male sexual development

As the mammalian embryo develops, it must engage one of the two distinct programmes of gene activity, morphogenesis and organogenesis that characterize males and females. In males, sexual development hinges on testis determination and differentiation, but also involves many coordinated transcriptional, signalling and endocrine networks that underpin the masculinization of other organs and tissues, including the brain. Here we bring together current knowledge about these networks, identify gaps in the overall picture, and highlight the known defects that lead to disorders of male sexual development.

Population differences in finger-length ratios: Ethnicity or latitude?

The relative length of the second and fourth fingers (the 2D:4D ratio) has been taken to be an indicator of prenatal exposure to testosterone, and hence possibly relevant to sexual orientation and other sex-differentiated behaviors. Studies have reported a difference in this ratio between Caucasian males in Britain and in the U.S.: higher average 2D:4D ratios were obtained in Britain. This raises the question of whether differences among different Caucasian gene pools were responsible or whether some environmental variable associated with latitude might be involved (e.g., exposure to sunlight or different day-length patterns). This question was explored by examining 2D:4D ratios for an Australian adolescent sample. The Australians were predominantly of British ancestry, but lived at distances from the equator more like those of the U.S. studies. The Australian 2D:4D ratios resembled those in Britain rather than those in the U.S., tending to exclude hypotheses related to latitude and making differences in gene pools a plausible explanation.

SEGREDOS E INTRIGAS: RELAÇÕES ENTRE VIOLÊNCIA DE GÊNERO E O PROCESSO DE MASCULINIZAÇÃO NAS LIDERANÇAS DAS PRÁTICAS RELIGIOSAS AFRO-BRASILEIRAS EM PORTO VELHO (RO

A partir da observação do crescente processo de masculinização das práticas religiosas afro-brasileiras, na cidade de Porto Velho (RO), o presente trabalho faz algumas abordagens da relação de gênero, violência e poder. A hipótese se pautou na constatação do aumento de homens ocupando os cargos de sacerdotes, e da reclamação das mulheres quanto à distribuição das tarefas nos templos, o que levou a pensar na existência de violência de gênero. O objetivo da pesquisa foi o de analisar a relação entre o processo de masculinização das lideranças e a intensificação da violência de gênero. O trabalho de pesquisa de campo foi realizado com a observação aos rituais públicos, atividades internas das casas religiosas e entrevistas semiestruturadas com sacerdotes e sacerdotisas, adeptos e adeptas. Percorreu-se a trajetória das práticas religiosas afro-brasileiras locais buscando compreender as transformações ocorridas, sondando sobre a existência de violência de gênero, quais são, e como se estabelecem nos espaços de práticas religiosas compreendidas por Templos, Casas, Ilês, Roças, Centros, Terreiros e outras denominações.

Impacto do trabalho noturno na qualidade de vida do profissional de enfermagem do gênero masculino

The nursing staff is now the largest contingent of professionals in healthcare environments, with more than 1.8 million professionals, and of these 15% are men, showing a masculinization of the historical profession and culturally conceived and carried out by women (COFEN / FIOCRUZ, 2013). This dissertation discusses the profession forward to some issues related to gender, quality of life and night work. Objective: To analyze the impact that shift work has the professional quality of life male, through a specific instrument to identify the main problems and joint damage to that front group to his professional activity. Methods: descriptivo, Cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, performed with 72 professional male nursing staff, 41 (56.9%) nursing technicians, 18 (25%) of nursing assistants and 13 (18.1%) of nurses, in January 2015 in a university hospital in the city of Uberlândia (Minas Gerais). For this, we used the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Quantitative variables were described as mean, standard deviation, maximum and minimum, in addition to the Shapiro-Wilk test and Kruskal-Wallis used in the data analysis, with a confidence level of 5% (p <0.05). Results: the profile of respondents, most are married 42 (58.3%) under the employment contract via Single Legal Regime 50 (69.4%) with mean age of 40 and having 16 years of service; and within a range of 0 to 100, the areas with better evaluation were the Social Relations (70.1) and psychological (67.5); already the worst were the Environment (57.4) and Physical (65.4). In the overall assessment, the average was 63.3 and staying below the national average (65-70). Thus, the professionals who were married obtained better scores, regardless of the category which is in the nursing team. Conclusions: The group is average, taking into account the standard deviation, but we can say that working conditions affect their profession, and these results allow the detection of the difficulties experienced by men of the nursing team, and can cooperate with the design strategies that benefit or minimize the search for conflicts that affect the health of these workers and their quality of life.

Concentrações de hormônio na carcaça de tilápias-do-nilo e maturação precoce após reversão sexual

Um total de 1.500 larvas de tilápia-do-nilo foi distribuído em 15 aquários de 20 L (100 larvas cada um) para comparação de dois métodos de masculinização: via oral, com dieta com hormônio (60 mg do 17 α-metiltestosterona.kg-1); e via banho de imersão (6 mg do 17 α-metiltestosterona.L-1), cada um com cinco repetições. As larvas e os juvenis foram amostrados no dia 1 (início do experimento) e aos 30 (final do período de alimentação com hormônio), 40, 45, 60 e 90 dias. Uma amostra de 0,5 g de peixe foi coletada em cada repetição para análise da testosterona corporal. Os peixes alimentados com a dieta com hormônio receberam ração experimental por 30 dias e ração comercial até o final do experimento, e banho de imersão receberam ração comercial e foram submetidos a banhos de imersão (6 mg da 17 α-metiltestosterona.L-1), de 36 horas, nos dias 6 e 10 após início do experimento. Nos peixes que receberam a ração sem hormônio (controle), os valores de testosterona corporal se mantiveram praticamente estáveis ao longo do experimento, aumentando moderadamente a partir de 60 dias. As concentrações de testosterona corporal nos peixes que receberam a dieta com hormônio ou o banho de imersão foram mais altas aos 30 dias. Nos peixes submetidos ao banho de imersão, os valores reduziram aos 40 dias e aumentaram novamente até os 60 dias de observação, enquanto naqueles submetidos à dieta com hormônio, as concentrações de testosterona aumentaram gradativamente até 60 dias. A utilização de 17 α-metiltestosterona por via oral ou banho de imersão das larvas estimula a maturação sexual dos peixes a partir dos 45 dias, especialmente naqueles alimentados com ração contendo hormônio. As concentrações desse hormônio na carcaça são inferiores ao preconizado pelo Codex Alimentarius do Brasil como seguras para consumo humano.