984 resultados para locational alternatives
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Són quatre els objectius d’aquesta recerca: (1) determinar la taxa de reincidència administrativa dels sotmesos a formes substitutives a la presó; (2) descriure les relacions significatives entre determinades variables individuals i d’historial delictiu i la seva reincidència; (3) comparar taxes de reincidència entre penats que compleixen treballs en benefici de la comunitat (TBC) i suspensions de condemna amb imposició de regles de conducta; (4) comparar les taxes de reincidència de persones amb mesures alternatives amb les de reincidència penitenciària. Per reincidència administrativa s’entén entrar a presó o complir una nova mesura penal alternativa per un nou delicte durant el període de seguiment. Per assolir els objectius, han estat estudiades 329 persones que, al llarg de l’any 2000, van finalitzar, com a mínim, un TBC o una obligació imposada en el marc de la suspensió de la pena. El seguiment ha estat conclòs els 30 de juny de 2005. Els resultats indiquen que: (1) la taxa de reincidència administrativa dels sotmesos a MPA és inferior a la taxa de reincidència penitenciària; (2) no hi ha diferències rellevants pel que fa a la reincidència administrativa entre els homes i les dones estudiades, tampoc entre estrangers i espanyols; (3) presenten una major taxa de reincidència els que tenen antecedents de qualsevol tipus, i encara una taxa major els que tenen antecedents penitenciaris.
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Investigació educativa de caràcter qualitatiu que estudia l’educació lliure. La recerca es basa en quatre experiències educatives alternatives actuals que presenten diversos models pedagògics, en l’àmbit de l’Estat Espanyol: Paideia, educació llibertària; Ojo de agua, ambient educatiu; i l’àmbit de Catalunya: El Roure, escola viva i La Llavor, escola Waldorf, per tal de conèixer, analitzar i contrastar les seves pràctiques educatives, observant les seves possibilitats en el moment de crisi educativa actual
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L'existència d’una font de carboni adequada per l’eliminació biològica de fòsfor, és un factor decisiu per l'eliminació de fòsfor de les aigües residuals urbanes. Per a les aigües residuals amb baix contingut d'àcids grassos volàtils és necessària l’addició d’alguna font de carboni externa. El metanol és la font de carboni més utilitzada en processos a EDAR (p.ex. desnitrificació), degut al seu baix cost. Malgrat això, varis estudis proven que per l’eliminació biològica de fòsfor, aquest, no és una bona alternativa. En aquest estudi es desenvolupa un consorci amb la biomassa de digestió anaeròbia i biomassa acumuladora de polifosfat (PAO). El propòsit del consorci és la degradació de metanol en AGV, per obtenir l'activitat EBPR. A més, aquest estudi mostra la viabilitat de substituir en el consorci el metanol per altres fonts de carboni.
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L’explotació actual disposa d’una superfície de 1,8 ha i està situada en elmunicipi de Fornells de la Selva a la comarca del Gironès. Les comunicacions per accedir-hi són bones, ja es troba prop de la ciutat de Girona i dels seus accessos. Dins la finca s’hi poden trobar dos hivernacles que en total tenen unasuperfície de 180 m2, i la resta de finca està dividia en dues parcel!les, en les quals es desenvolupa cultiu a l’exterior i que anualment s’alterna el lloc de cultiu. El canvi que es proposa i es descriu en el projecte, es base en reconvertir el sistema productiu actual per un sistema d’agricultura ecològica. També es valora el canvi en el sistema de venda on s’estudia la possibilitat de realitzar la venda directa al consumidor mitjançant una cistella ecològica. Per realitzar el canvi de sistema productiu s’han dissenyat unes rotacions decultius i un augment de variabilitat d’espècies cultivades donant major importància a les especies locals. Les rotacions plantejades es basen en les famílies botàniques de les espècies cultivades i en la seva exigència en les extraccions de nutrients del sòl i la seva necessitat d’adobat. El sistema de reg s’ha utilitzat el mateix que ja hi havia en la situació actual fent una modificació en les vàlvules d’entrada als sectors de reg, col•locant electrovàlvules programades per automatitzar el reg
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BACKGROUND: Guidelines for the prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD) recommend use of Framingham-based risk scores that were developed in white middle-aged populations. It remains unclear whether and how CHD risk prediction might be improved among older adults. We aimed to compare the prognostic performance of the Framingham risk score (FRS), directly and after recalibration, with refit functions derived from the present cohort, as well as to assess the utility of adding other routinely available risk parameters to FRS.¦METHODS: Among 2193 black and white older adults (mean age, 73.5 years) without pre-existing cardiovascular disease from the Health ABC cohort, we examined adjudicated CHD events, defined as incident myocardial infarction, CHD death, and hospitalization for angina or coronary revascularization.¦RESULTS: During 8-year follow-up, 351 participants experienced CHD events. The FRS poorly discriminated between persons who experienced CHD events vs. not (C-index: 0.577 in women; 0.583 in men) and underestimated absolute risk prediction by 51% in women and 8% in men. Recalibration of the FRS improved absolute risk prediction, particulary for women. For both genders, refitting these functions substantially improved absolute risk prediction, with similar discrimination to the FRS. Results did not differ between whites and blacks. The addition of lifestyle variables, waist circumference and creatinine did not improve risk prediction beyond risk factors of the FRS.¦CONCLUSIONS: The FRS underestimates CHD risk in older adults, particularly in women, although traditional risk factors remain the best predictors of CHD. Re-estimated risk functions using these factors improve accurate estimation of absolute risk.
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El propósito de este proyecto es proporcionar una herramienta relacionada con los sistemas de información cartográfica (SIG) para lograr detectar posibles anomalías y alteraciones en los patrones de aparición y contagio de enfermedades en un ámbito poblacional.
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Stability berms are commonly constructed where roadway embankments cross soft or unstable ground conditions. Under certain circumstances, the construction of stability berms cause unfavorable environmental impacts, either directly or indirectly, through their effect on wetlands, endangered species habitat, stream channelization, longer culvert lengths, larger right-of-way purchases, and construction access limits. Due to an ever more restrictive regulatory environment, these impacts are problematic. The result is the loss of valuable natural resources to the public, lengthy permitting review processes for the department of transportation and permitting agencies, and the additional expenditures of time and money for all parties. The purpose of this project was to review existing stability berm alternatives for potential use in environmentally sensitive areas. The project also evaluates how stabilization technologies are made feasible, desirable, and cost-effective for transportation projects and determines which alternatives afford practical solutions for avoiding and minimizing impacts to environmentally sensitive areas. An online survey of engineers at state departments of transportation was also conducted to assess the frequency and cost effectiveness of the various stabilization technologies. Geotechnical engineers that responded to the survey overwhelmingly use geosynthetic reinforcement as a suitable and cost-effective solution for stabilizing embankments and cut slopes. Alternatively, chemical stabilization and installation of lime/cement columns is rarely a remediation measure employed by state departments of transportation.
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A Elder Affairs documents about Guardianship and conservatorship for adults.
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This paper discusses the role of deterministic components in the DGP and in the auxiliary regression model which underlies the implementation of the Fractional Dickey-Fuller (FDF) test for I(1) against I(d) processes with d ∈ [0, 1). This is an important test in many economic applications because I(d) processess with d & 1 are mean-reverting although, when 0.5 ≤ d & 1,, like I(1) processes, they are nonstationary. We show how simple is the implementation of the FDF in these situations, and argue that it has better properties than LM tests. A simple testing strategy entailing only asymptotically normally distributed tests is also proposed. Finally, an empirical application is provided where the FDF test allowing for deterministic components is used to test for long-memory in the per capita GDP of several OECD countries, an issue that has important consequences to discriminate between growth theories, and on which there is some controversy.
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Working Paper no longer available. Please contact the author.
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This paper discusses the role of deterministic components in the DGP and in the auxiliaryregression model which underlies the implementation of the Fractional Dickey-Fuller (FDF) test for I(1) against I(d) processes with d [0, 1). This is an important test in many economic applications because I(d) processess with d < 1 are mean-reverting although, when 0.5 = d < 1, like I(1) processes, they are nonstationary. We show how simple is the implementation of the FDF in these situations, and argue that it has better properties than LM tests. A simple testing strategy entailing only asymptotically normally distributedtests is also proposed. Finally, an empirical application is provided where the FDF test allowing for deterministic components is used to test for long-memory in the per capita GDP of several OECD countries, an issue that has important consequences to discriminate between growth theories, and on which there is some controversy.
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Whereas people are typically thought to be better off with more choices, studiesshow that they often prefer to choose from small as opposed to large sets of alternatives.We propose that satisfaction from choice is an inverted U-shaped function of thenumber of alternatives. This proposition is derived theoretically by considering thebenefits and costs of different numbers of alternatives and is supported by fourexperimental studies. We also manipulate the perceptual costs of information processingand demonstrate how this affects the resulting satisfaction function. We furtherindicate that satisfaction when choosing from a given set is diminished if people aremade aware of the existence of other choice sets. The role of individual differences insatisfaction from choice is documented by noting effects due to gender and culture. Weconclude by emphasizing the need to have an explicit rationale for knowing how muchchoice is enough.
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Aquest treball final de grau pretén ser un estudi de les metodologies pràctiques que podem trobar al mercat per portar a terme un procés d'homologació i qualificació dels proveïdors de TI, així com per fer el seguiment del rendiment del proveïdor, l'avaluació i la millora continuada.
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Independence, respect, and equality are values important to all people. These values help define the concepts of autonomy (independence and freedom) and self-determination (the right to make decisions for one’s self). Because these rights are so valued in our society and are something that most of us would value for ourselves, the “least restrictive alternative” should always be considered before taking away a person’s civil and legal rights to make decisions for him or herself. The least restrictive alternative is an option, which allows a person to keep as much autonomy, and self-determination as possible while providing only the level of protection and supervision that is necessary. Some examples may include: representative payee for certain government benefit checks, joint bank accounts or advance directives for health care.