Federal laws, regulations, and other material relating to highways.

Mode of access: Internet.

A general view of the present system of public education in France : and of the laws, regulations, and courses of study in the different faculties, colleges, and inferior schools, which now compose the Royal university of that kingdom : preceded by a short history of the University of Paris before the Revolution /

Mode of access: Internet.

Constitutions of the Antient Fraternity of Free & Accepted Masons under the United Grand Lodge of England. Containing the general charges, laws & regulations, etc., etc.

Mode of access: Internet.

Federal Laws, Regulations, and Other Material Relating to Highways

Mode of access: Internet.

Decisions of the Interior Department in public land cases and land laws passed by the Congress of the United States [electronic resource] : together with the regulations of the General Land Office /

Vol. 2 has title: Land laws : regulations and decisions, being a continuation of acts of Congress respecting the sale and disposition of public lands and embracing land laws passed ... from December , 1859, to January 1, 1870

SELinux policy management framework for HIS

Health Information Systems (HIS) make extensive use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The use of ICT aids in improving the quality and efficiency of healthcare services by making healthcare information available at the point of care (Goldstein, Groen, Ponkshe, and Wine, 2007). The increasing availability of healthcare data presents security and privacy issues which have not yet been fully addressed (Liu, Caelli, May, and Croll, 2008a). Healthcare organisations have to comply with the security and privacy requirements stated in laws, regulations and ethical standards, while managing healthcare information. Protecting the security and privacy of healthcare information is a very complex task (Liu, May, Caelli and Croll, 2008b). In order to simplify the complexity of providing security and privacy in HIS, appropriate information security services and mechanisms have to be implemented. Solutions at the application layer have already been implemented in HIS such as those existing in healthcare web services (Weaver et al., 2003). In addition, Discretionary Access Control (DAC) is the most commonly implemented access control model to restrict access to resources at the OS layer (Liu, Caelli, May, Croll and Henricksen, 2007a). Nevertheless, the combination of application security mechanisms and DAC at the OS layer has been stated to be insufficient in satisfying security requirements in computer systems (Loscocco et al., 1998). This thesis investigates the feasibility of implementing Security Enhanced Linux (SELinux) to enforce a Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) policy to help protect resources at the Operating System (OS) layer. SELinux provides Mandatory Access Control (MAC) mechanisms at the OS layer. These mechanisms can contain the damage from compromised applications and restrict access to resources according to the security policy implemented. The main contribution of this research is to provide a modern framework to implement and manage SELinux in HIS. The proposed framework introduces SELinux Profiles to restrict access permissions over the system resources to authorised users. The feasibility of using SELinux profiles in HIS was demonstrated through the creation of a prototype, which was submitted to various attack scenarios. The prototype was also subjected to testing during emergency scenarios, where changes to the security policies had to be made on the spot. Attack scenarios were based on vulnerabilities common at the application layer. SELinux demonstrated that it could effectively contain attacks at the application layer and provide adequate flexibility during emergency situations. However, even with the use of current tools, the development of SELinux policies can be very complex. Further research has to be made in order to simplify the management of SELinux policies and access permissions. In addition, SELinux related technologies, such as the Policy Management Server by Tresys Technologies, need to be researched in order to provide solutions at different layers of protection.

Why stagnant? behind the scenes in Indonesia���s reformed state asset management policies

This study seeks to answer the question of ���why is policy innovation in Indonesia, in particular reformed state asset management laws and regulations, stagnant?��� through an empirical and qualitative approach, identifying and exploring potential impeding influences to the full and equal implementation of said laws and regulations. The policies and regulations governing the practice of state asset management has emerged as an urgent question among many countries worldwide (Conway, 2006; Dow, Gillies, Nichols, & Polen, 2006; Kaganova, McKellar, & Peterson, 2006; McKellar, 2006b) for there is heightened awareness of the complex and crucial role that state assets play in public service provision. Indonesia is an example of such country, introducing a ���big-bang��� reform in state asset management laws, policies, regulations, and technical guidelines. Two main reasons propelled said policy innovation: a) world-wide common challenges in state asset management practices - such as incomplete information system, accountability, and governance adherence/conceptualisation (Kaganova, McKellar and Peterson 2006); and b) unfavourable state assets audit results in all regional governments across Indonesia. The latter reasoning is emphasised, as the Indonesian government admits to past neglect in ensuring efficiency and best practice in its state asset management practices. Prior to reform there was euphoria of building and developing state assets and public infrastructure to support government programs of the day. Although this euphoria resulted in high growth within Indonesia, there seems to be little attention paid to how state assets bought/built is managed. Up until 2003-2004 state asset management is considered to be minimal; inventory of assets is done manually, there is incomplete public sector accounting standards, and incomplete financial reporting standards (Hadiyanto 2009). During that time transparency, accountability, and maintenance state assets was not the main focus, be it by the government or the society itself (Hadiyanto 2009). Indonesia exemplified its enthusiasm in reforming state asset management policies and practices through the establishment of the Directorate General of State Assets in 2006. The Directorate General of State Assets have stressed the new direction that it is taking state asset management laws and policies through the introduction of Republic of Indonesia Law Number 38 Year 2008, which is an amended regulation overruling Republic of Indonesia Law Number 6 Year 2006 on Central/Regional Government State Asset Management (Hadiyanto, 2009c). Law number 38/2008 aims to further exemplify good governance principles and puts forward a ���the highest and best use of assets��� principle in state asset management (Hadiyanto, 2009a). The methodology of this study is that of qualitative case study approach, with a triangulated data collection method of document analysis (all relevant state asset management laws, regulations, policies, technical guidelines, and external audit reports), semi-structured interviews, and on-site observation. Empirical data of this study involved a sample of four Indonesian regional governments and 70 interviews, performed during January-July 2010. The analytical approach of this study is that of thematic analysis, in an effort to identify common influences and/or challenges to policy innovation within Indonesia. Based on the empirical data of this study specific impeding influences to state asset management reform is explored, answering the question why innovative policy implementation is stagnant. An in-depth analysis of each influencing factors to state asset management reform, and the attached interviewee���s opinions for each factor, suggests the potential of an ���excuse rhetoric���; whereby the influencing factors identified are a smoke-screen, or are myths that public policy makers and implementers believe in; as a means to explain innovative policy stagnancy. This study offers insights to Indonesian policy makers interested in ensuring the conceptualisation and full implementation of innovative policies, particularly, although not limited to, within the context of state asset management practices.

Napster: Infinite digital jukebox or pirate bazaar?

This paper considers the copyright litigation over the file-sharing program, Napster. The first section examines the culture of collecting at work in Napster. The next part examines the litigation by the major record companies and Metallica against Napster. The final section considers the future of file-sharing, looking at alternatives to Napster, such as Filetopia, Freenet, Gnutella, MP3board.com and streaming media.

Efficacy of family mediation and the role of family violence: Study protocol

Background Family law reforms in Australia require separated parents in dispute to attempt mandatory family dispute resolution (FDR) in community-based family services before court attendance. However, there are concerns about such services when clients present with a history of high conflict and family violence. This study protocol describes a longitudinal study of couples presenting for family mediation services. The study aims to describe the profile of family mediation clients, including type of family violence, and determine the impact of violence profiles on FDR processes and outcomes, such as the type and durability of shared parenting arrangements and clients��� satisfaction with mediated agreements. Methods A mixed method, naturalistic longitudinal design is used. The sampling frame is clients presenting at nine family mediation centres across metropolitan, outer suburban, and regional/rural sites in Victoria, Australia. Data are collected at pre-test, completion of mediation, and six months later. Self-administered surveys are administered at the three time points, and a telephone interview at the final post-test. The key study variable is family violence. Key outcome measures are changes in the type and level of acrimony and violent behaviours, the relationship between violence and mediated agreements, the durability of agreements over six months, and client satisfaction with mediation. Discussion Family violence is a major risk to the physical and mental health of women and children. This study will inform debates about the role of family violence and how to manage it in the family mediation context. It will also inform decision-making about mediation practices by better understanding how mediation impacts on parenting agreements, and the implications for children, especially in the context of family violence.

Controle interno em ��rg��o p��blico: um estudo do sistema de pagamento de pessoal da Marinha do Brasil

Os administradores da atualidade convivem, por um lado, com o aumento permanente das demanda dos cidad��os por servi��os p��blicos e, por outro lado, com a car��ncia de recursos e a resist��ncia da popula����o �� eleva����o da base tribut��ria. Tal dilema exige que, cada vez mais, os sistemas de controle interno sejam fortalecidos, com o objetivo de disponibilizar informa����es confi��veis que possibilitem o controle das opera����es e a melhora do processo de tomada de decis��es. Assim, o presente estudo procurou investigar se o sistema de controle interno utilizado pelo Sistema de Pagamento de Pessoal da Marinha do Brasil atende ��s leis, regulamentos e demais normas vigentes na esfera federal e ao que prev�� o referencial te��rico e os estudos acad��micos sobre o assunto. Por meio de um estudo de caso se perseguiu expor os conceitos de controle interno, apresentar processamento da folha de pessoal e analisar o controle interno adotado pelo sistema atual, bem como o processo de atualiza����o do software respons��vel e seus controles. As fontes utilizadas foram bibliogr��fica, documental, observa����o direta e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Foram, tamb��m, identificados pontos a explorar e a gerenciar dentro de categorias de requisitos de software, de modo a mitigar os riscos e maximizar as oportunidades do neg��cio. Os resultados indicam que o processo de moderniza����o, ainda n��o conclu��do, est�� convergindo para uma maior adequa����o do processamento da folha de pagamento de pessoal ��s melhores pr��ticas existentes, de modo que seus controles atendam ��s normas vigentes e ao que prev�� a ��rea acad��mica sobre o assunto. A conclus��o do presente estudo apontou que o referido sistema de controle interno atende ��s leis, regulamentos e demais normas vigentes na esfera federal e, parcialmente, ao que prev�� o referencial te��rico e os estudos acad��micos sobre o assunto.

Int��grer les ��tudes d'impact des droits de la personne au processus l��gislatif canadien : une ��tude de cas sur des changements apport��s �� la loi sur l'immigration et la protection des r��fugi��s concernant les ��trangers d��sign��s et les pays d'origine d��sign��s

Le 28 juin 2012, le Parlement canadien adoptait des modifications �� la Loi sur l���immigration et la protection des r��fugi��s introduisant des changements importants dans le traitement des demandes de protection faites �� partir du Canada. Ces modifications incorporent deux nouveaux concepts en droit canadien, le premier ��tant le pays d���origine d��sign��, qui figure sur une liste. Ces pays consid��r��s comme �� s��rs �� sont d��sign��s par arr��t�� par le minist��re de la Citoyennet�� et de l���Immigration. Les pays d���origine d��sign��s ne peuvent ��tre source de r��fugi��s, et les demandeurs d���asile provenant de ces pays re��oivent un traitement particulier. Le deuxi��me concept est celui d����� ��tranger d��sign�� �� : le ministre de la S��curit�� publique et de la Protection civile peut d��signer des arriv��es de migrants comme ��tant irr��guli��res, si ces derniers se pr��sentent aux fronti��res canadiennes sans les documents r��glementaires. Ces ��trangers sont obligatoirement mis en d��tention, et leur demande d���asile, le cas ��ch��ant, re��oit aussi un traitement particulier. Ces dispositions soul��vent de nombreuses questions concernant leur validit�� en vertu de la Charte canadienne des droits et libert��s et du droit international. Dans un premier temps, ce m��moire a pour objet de montrer qu���il existe une lacune dans le processus l��gislatif canadien. Lorsqu���un gouvernement est majoritaire au Parlement, il peut faire adopter ses projets de loi sans informer ad��quatement l���opposition et les ��lecteurs sur les risques qu���ils pr��sentent de violer les droits et libert��s de la personne. �� notre avis, cette lacune est probl��matique, car �� notre avis, des lois sont adopt��es en violation de la constitution et plus particuli��rement de la Charte canadienne des droits et libert��s sans que le gouvernement ait �� se justifier. Ce m��moire explore l���id��e d���utiliser les ��tudes d���impact sur les droits de la personne, un mod��le d���analyse des lois, r��glements et politiques publiques qui vise �� ��valuer et faire conna��tre les impacts qu���ils ont ou peuvent avoir sur les droits fondamentaux des personnes affect��es. Les cas de la France, de la Grande-Bretagne et de la Commission europ��enne seront analys��s. Ce m��moire examine les dispositions concernant les pays d���origine d��sign�� et les ��trangers d��sign��s en vertu de la Charte canadienne et du droit international. Nous concluons que si ces dispositions avaient fait l���objet d���une ��tude d���impact sur les droits de la personne, le Parlement et les Canadiens auraient ��t�� inform��s des risques de violation des droits fondamentaux des demandeurs d���asile concern��s.

The high court and the utility of multiple judgments

Recently, the High Court has been criticised for its supposed increasing tendency to deliver multiple majority judgments. Ostensibly this impairs the capacity for the Court to clarify and unify the law, thereby making it more difficult for citizens to plan and coordinate their affairs. This criticism of the High Court is unsound. First, there is no evidence to suggest that the High Court is now more fragmented than it has been during other periods of its history. Secondly, the precise reasoning process (and the underlying jurisprudence reflected by this) is a cardinal aspect of the development of precedent and legal principle. Convergence in conclusion only is of little utility and does not promote certainty and clarity in the law. One cannot make an informed assessment of the impact and breadth of a decision without an understanding of the (actual) premise underpinning the decision. It is for this reason that legislation is such a poor vehicle for declaring the law and why in recent decades there has been an increasing degree of reliance on extraneous material to assist in the interpretation of legislation. Conclusion without (genuine) reasons is not highly instructive. Coerced agreement, no matter how subtle, is undesirable. The High Court should resist calls to deliver more single majority judgments.<br />

Still plucking figures out of the air? Markarian and the affirmation of the instinctive synthesis

The High Court of Australia recently had the opportunity to reconsider the appropriate sentencing methodology to be adopted in the sentencing of offenders under Australian criminal law in the case of Markarian v The Queen. The High Court had to decide whether to continue with the instinctive synthesis approach to sentencing or a process that exposed in greater clarity the basis upon which sentencing was to occur. Ultimately, a majority of the Court favoured the continuance of the instinctive synthesis approach to sentencing in criminal cases. The article will consider the decision in Markarian and the implications that it will have for the sentencing of offenders in the States and Territories of Australia. <br />

Standing on the shoulders of giants : Are ERP success factors relevant for EDRMS implementation?

Records management has been a central concern for organisations in both private and public sectors since the beginning of the 21st century. This new focus is due both to the introduction of laws, regulations and standards affecting corporate information management; and to the way records are changing from paper-based to &ldquo;born-digital&rdquo; and &ldquo;made-digital&rdquo;. The need for an effective automated system to manage records is now greater than ever, with Electronic Document and Records Management Systems (EDRMS) being the most likely solution. Despite their increasing popularity, however, successful uptake of such systems is not yet widespread and research into their implementation is still limited. This paper investigates the possibility of applying existing Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) models to EDRMS by analysing the substantial body of literature on success factors for ERP implementation, both qualitatively and quantitatively; and then comparing these with the still relatively limited literature on EDRMS.<br />