A biotecnologia vegetal como alternativa para a cotonicultura familiar sustentável

This paper aims to describe the familiar cotton culture in the districts of Tangará and Triunfo Potiguar, located in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. It relates specific problems that small cotton agriculturists face in the cotton production and sale as well as their perception in relation to public policies that have been put into practice in these districts. The research revealed soils with potentiality for the cotton culture, but that are not being cultivated for anything else but subsistence, not being able to become productive, specifically through the cotton culture. That activity should be practiced so that it preserves the environment and the familiar farmers themselves, since it was verified they are constant1y exposed to health problems due to insecticides use. In what refers to fomentation policies it was observed that bureaucracy delays the liberation of the money destined to production, seeds delivery and other actions related to production and commercialization. Some procedures such as information and training about productivity development and attention with the environrnent and infrastructure are recommended. The results indicate lack of investments, rural credit and technical help, main1y in Triunfo Potiguar. There is unanimity, from the rural farmers of that district in what refers to the desire of improving the production and remaining in that activity. In this sense, the contribution of this research for the most appropriate culture production can be materialized through the technique of tissue's culture, aimed at obtaining plants that are resistant to diseases. The data indicated that the hormonal supplementations used induced regenerative calluses making in vitro morphogenesis possible in alI tested varieties. The use of the activated coal antioxidant was efficient, reducing oxidation, however not suppressing it. The results lead to an opportunity for the familiar tàrmers from Rio Grande do Norte enlarge the cotton culture, because to obtain plants that are resistant to diseases implies in insecticides reduction, propitiating smaller impact to the atmosphere and less cost

De baixo para cima: implicações socioespaciais da transferência da feira livre na (re)produção do espaço urbano de Nova Cruz-RN (1991-2010)

The present work is about the reproduction of the urban area of Nova Cruz RN, with the objective of analyzing the social and spatial implications of the relocation of the main street market in the city from 1991 on. Nowadays, the city of Nova Cruz takes over importance in the potiguar social and spatial scenario due to its condition of central city which is practiced for decades in Potiguar Agreste Microregion. Beginning with its formation process connected with traveler‟s hostel which assisted the activity of cattle transportation, further in time by the golden era of cotton production in its territory, it was noticed that its importance in relation with the nearby towns has been happening differently throughout time. From the year 1991 on, the town of Nova Cruz has gone through a territory restructuring of its urban area due to the relocation of the open market from Downtown neighborhood to São Sebastião neighborhood. Such territorial movement resulted in a reformation of the town‟s urban space, promoting in both neighborhoods urban growth and the expansion of commercial activity associated with the migration of the commercial center of the city. The transference of the commercial area has caused these processes through the new uses of the land towards the São Sebastião region, it has also caused a decrease in market value of the downtown area as a result of the breakdown of previous existing business activities, their service contribution and the citizen migration, establishing a space and socioeconomic portrait in the neighborhood. From this context, our analysis seeks to understand the social and spatial impacts occurred in Downtown neighborhood, the way in which the production and reproduction of the urban space in São Sebastião neighborhood and the implications resulted from the actions of the administrative power in restructuring of the urban space of Nova Cruz. In order to do so, a bibliographical research was used to compose our theoretic-conceptual mark, discussing the matter with authors such as Roberto Lobato Corrêa, Ana Fani, Milton Santos, Manuel Castells e Heri Lefvbre, among others, discussing on the subject of urban analysis, the concepts of urban space and the process of reproduction of the urban space. A field research was utilized in our area of study by means of primary data gathering through interviews, questionnaire and photographic register. Secondary data gathering was also obtained by means of bibliographical and documental research related to our study object. By these means, it was sought to contribute to the understanding of the urban space through its production and reproduction based upon the discovery of social and spatial practices

Influência da posição do fruto na planta sobre a produção do algodoeiro

Estudou-se a distribuição da produção, a qualidade da semente e o peso de frutos em relação às diferentes posições do fruto na planta de algodão. Os dados foram oriundos do mapeamento de 360 plantas da cultivar CNPA 7H, em área irrigada no município de Bom Sucesso, PB. Mais de 80% da produção da cultivar é proveniente do baixeiro e terço médio e da primeira e segunda posição frutífera da planta. A qualidade das sementes é afetada à medida que os frutos se afastam da primeira posição para as demais.

Price elasticity of Central American agricultural exports

Includes bibliography

Recomendação de adubação nitrogenada para o cultivar de algodoeiro FMT 701 com base na leitura de clorofila IDF

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Ocorrência de pragas e custo de produção em algodoeiro geneticamente modificado (Bt) e convencional

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Resposta diferencial de cultivares de algodão ao manganês em solução nutritiva

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Cana-de-açúcar em bacias hidrográficas experimentais irrigadas

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV

Crescimento e produtividade do algodoeiro em função da aplicação de subdoses de 2,4-d e cloreto de mepiquat

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

CC96-396 Productcion Flexibility Contracts: Provisions, Implications and the Participation Decision

The Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform (FAIR) Act of 1996 (P.L. 104-127) was signed into law by President Clinton on April 4, 1996. Most provisions of the new law, including the commodity provisions, will be effective for seven years, 1996-2002. Unlike previous farm bills, provisions relating to commodity supports are grouped together under what is known as the Agricultural Market Transition Act (AMTA) program. Producers of seven commodities: corn, sorghum, barley, oats, wheat, rice and cotton must sign Productive Flexibility Contracts (PFCs) to participate in the AMTA. These seven commodities are referred to as "contract commodities." This publication focuses on the PFCs, beginning with an overview of contract provisions. Potential short- and long-run implications of PFCs are then discussed.

Comparative in vitro evaluation of forage legumes (prosopis, acacia, atriplex, and leucaena) on ruminal fermentation and methanogenesis

Two experiments in vitro were conducted to evaluate four Egyptian forage legume browses, i.e., leaves of prosopis (Prosopis juliflora), acacia (Acacia saligna), atriplex (A triplex halimus), and leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala), in comparison with Tifton (Cynodon sp.) grass hay for their gas production, methanogenic potential, and ruminal fermentation using a semi-automatic system for gas production (first experiment) and for ruminal and post ruminal protein degradability (second experiment). Acacia and leucaena showed pronounced methane inhibition compared with Tifton, while prosopis and leucaena decreased the acetate:propionate ratio (P<0.01). Acacia and leucaena presented a lower (P<0.01) ruminal NH3-N concentration associated with the decreasing (P<0.01) ruminal protein degradability. Leucaena, however, showed higher (P<0.01) intestinal protein digestibility than acacia. This study suggests that the potential methanogenic properties of leguminous browses may be related not only to tannin content, but also to other factors.

Los cambios en el proceso de producción del algodón en el Chaco en las últimas décadas y sus consecuencias en las condiciones de vida de minifundistas y trabajadores vinculados

En el artículo nos planteamos los cambios que desde los años 1990 ha sufrido la producción de algodón en la Provincia del Chaco -principal referente nacional del cultivo- y cómo estos fueron modificando la estructura de vida de los agentes históricamente vinculados, en especial, los trabajadores y los minifundistas hoy prácticamente excluidos de dicho proceso. Entre los numerosos cambios, los más relevantes son los vinculados al proceso de tecnificación, a la desarticulación en el territorio de cadenas de valor agregado y a la diversificación hacia otros cultivos como las oleaginosas y, notoriamente, al avance del cultivo de soja sobre hectáreas antes destinadas al algodón. Como consecuencia de dichos procesos de cambio, se evidencia la imposibilidad -por parte de los minifundistas- de sostener una producción rentable, la pérdida de numerosas fuentes de trabajo directas e indirectas, el aumento de la pobreza, la emigración hacia los cordones periféricos urbanos (Gran Resistencia, Gran Rosario) y el deterioro de las condiciones laborales de quienes aún permanecen dentro del sistema productivo algodonero. Las políticas públicas, tanto locales como nacionales, también son un punto de interés en el análisis puesto que tienen gran repercusión en el actual estado de la situación

Los cambios en el proceso de producción del algodón en el Chaco en las últimas décadas y sus consecuencias en las condiciones de vida de minifundistas y trabajadores vinculados

En el artículo nos planteamos los cambios que desde los años 1990 ha sufrido la producción de algodón en la Provincia del Chaco -principal referente nacional del cultivo- y cómo estos fueron modificando la estructura de vida de los agentes históricamente vinculados, en especial, los trabajadores y los minifundistas hoy prácticamente excluidos de dicho proceso. Entre los numerosos cambios, los más relevantes son los vinculados al proceso de tecnificación, a la desarticulación en el territorio de cadenas de valor agregado y a la diversificación hacia otros cultivos como las oleaginosas y, notoriamente, al avance del cultivo de soja sobre hectáreas antes destinadas al algodón. Como consecuencia de dichos procesos de cambio, se evidencia la imposibilidad -por parte de los minifundistas- de sostener una producción rentable, la pérdida de numerosas fuentes de trabajo directas e indirectas, el aumento de la pobreza, la emigración hacia los cordones periféricos urbanos (Gran Resistencia, Gran Rosario) y el deterioro de las condiciones laborales de quienes aún permanecen dentro del sistema productivo algodonero. Las políticas públicas, tanto locales como nacionales, también son un punto de interés en el análisis puesto que tienen gran repercusión en el actual estado de la situación

Los cambios en el proceso de producción del algodón en el Chaco en las últimas décadas y sus consecuencias en las condiciones de vida de minifundistas y trabajadores vinculados

En el artículo nos planteamos los cambios que desde los años 1990 ha sufrido la producción de algodón en la Provincia del Chaco -principal referente nacional del cultivo- y cómo estos fueron modificando la estructura de vida de los agentes históricamente vinculados, en especial, los trabajadores y los minifundistas hoy prácticamente excluidos de dicho proceso. Entre los numerosos cambios, los más relevantes son los vinculados al proceso de tecnificación, a la desarticulación en el territorio de cadenas de valor agregado y a la diversificación hacia otros cultivos como las oleaginosas y, notoriamente, al avance del cultivo de soja sobre hectáreas antes destinadas al algodón. Como consecuencia de dichos procesos de cambio, se evidencia la imposibilidad -por parte de los minifundistas- de sostener una producción rentable, la pérdida de numerosas fuentes de trabajo directas e indirectas, el aumento de la pobreza, la emigración hacia los cordones periféricos urbanos (Gran Resistencia, Gran Rosario) y el deterioro de las condiciones laborales de quienes aún permanecen dentro del sistema productivo algodonero. Las políticas públicas, tanto locales como nacionales, también son un punto de interés en el análisis puesto que tienen gran repercusión en el actual estado de la situación

A water footprint assessment of a pair of jeans: the influence of agricultural policies on the sustainability of consumer products.

This study reports the results of a water footprint (WF) assessment of five types of textiles commonly used for the production of jeans, including two different fibres (cotton and Lyocell fibre) and five corresponding production methods for spinning, dyeing and weaving. The results show that the fibre production is the stage with the highest water consumption, being cotton production particularly relevant. Therefore, the study pays particular attention to the water footprint of cotton production and analyses the effects of external factors influencing the water footprint of a product, in this case, the incentives provided by the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), and the relevance of agricultural practices to the water footprint of a product is emphasised. An extensification of the crop production led to higher WF per unit, but a lower overall pressure on the basins water resources. This study performs a sustainability assessment of the estimated cotton WFs with the water scarcity index, as proposed by Hoekstra et al. (2011), and shows their variations in different years as a result of different water consumption by crops in the rest of the river basin. In our case, we applied the assessment to the Guadalquivir, Guadalete and Barbate river basins, three semi-arid rivers in South Spain. Because they are found to be relevant, the available water stored in dams and the outflow are also incorporated as reference points for the sustainability assessment. The study concludes that, in the case of Spanish cotton production, the situation of the basin and the policy impact are more relevant for the status of the basin s water resources than the actual WF of cotton production. Therefore, strategies aimed at reducing the impact of the water footprint of a product need to analyse both the WF along the value chain and within the local context.