969 resultados para fenóis totais


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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Botânica) - IBB

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In this study it was evaluated the efficiency of the treatment of wet-processed coffee wastewater in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors in two stages, in bench scale, followed by post-treatment with activated sludge in batch. The first UASB reactor was submitted to an hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 6.2 d and organic loading rates (OLR) of 2.3 and 4.5g CODtotal (L d)-1, and the second UASB reactor to HRT of 3.1 d with OLR of 0.4 and 1.4g CODtotal (L d)-1. The average values of the affluent CODtotal increased from 13,891 to 27,926mg L-1 and the average efficiencies of removal of the CODtotal decreased from 95 to 91%, respectively, in the UASB reactors in two stages. The volumetric methane production increased from 0.274 to 0.323L CH4 (L reactor d)-1 with increment in the OLR. The average concentrations of total phenols in the affluent were of 48 and 163mg L-1, and the removal efficiencies in the UASB reactors in two stages of 92 and 90%, respectively, and increased to 97% with post-treatment. The average values of the removal efficiencies of total nitrogen and phosphorus were of 57 to 80% and 44 to 60%, respectively, in the UASB reactors in two stages and increased to 91 and 84% with the post-treatment.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Pós-graduação em Química - IQ

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Phenolic compounds represent one of the main groups of secondary metabolites. Due to their chemical diversity, they have a variety of functions in plants, such as protection against ultraviolet radiation, herbivores and pathogens, and attraction of pollinators or dispersers of fruits and seeds. For human, the phenolic compounds are used like food colorings and flavors and, due to their pharmacological properties, mainly to antioxidant activity, they are associated with several health benefits, such as delay senility, prevention and therapy of cardiovascular diseases and of some cancers. The grapes are considered one of the main source of phenolic compounds and the fruit and its products are consumed in Brazil and worldwide. Considering the phenolic compounds diversity and their different distribution in the grape parts, this work had like aims the extraction, identification and quantification of the main classes of phenolic compounds of 10 grape varieties. The content of total phenols, flavanols and anthocyanins were determined, respectively, according to the Folin-Ciocalteu, DMACA and comparison of pH spectrophotometric methods. The content of total phenols varied from 142.75 + 1.86 to 483.39 + 5.90 mg.L-1 in the peel and from 86.50 + 0.54 to 146.32 + 9.97 mg.L-1 in the pulp. The amount of total flavanols varied from 3.68 + 0.03 to 6.92 + 0.26 mg.L-1 in the peel and from 0.90 + 0.00 to 1.36 + 0.00 mg.L-1 in the pulp. The content of total anthocyanins varied from 7.00 + 0.99 to 406.56 + 39.50 mg.L-1 in the peel and from 2.88 + 0.28 to 46.36 + 1.89 mg.L-1 in the pulp. The phenolic compounds concentration was higher in the peel than in the pulp. The total phenols and anthocyanins varied a lot while the total flavanols were more constant. The flavanols represent the smaller portion of phenolic compounds

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Pós-graduação em Ciência Florestal - FCA

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Pós-graduação em Biociências - FCLAS

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)