Le service sanitaire de la Compagnie du canal de Suez (1860-1914) : médecine coloniale ou medical encounter?

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

The career of the missed encounter in classic american literature

Cette dissertation explore la carrière de la rencontre manquée Lacanienne dans la littérature canonique américaine du dix-neuvième siècle à travers le prisme de la psychanalyse, la déconstruction, le postmodernisme et le postcolonialisme. Je me concentre particulièrement sur La Lettre Écarlate de Hawthorne et Moby-Dick de Melville, en montrant comment ils sont investis dans l'économie narrative de la rencontre manquée, l'économie de ce qui est au-delà de la symbolisation et l'assimilation. L’introduction examine les contours et les détours historiques, philosophiques et théoriques du concept de la rencontre manquée. Cette dissertation a donc deux objectifs: d'une part, elle tente d'examiner le statut et la fonction de la rencontre manquée dans la littérature américaine du dix-neuvième siècle, et d’autre part, elle explore comment la théorisation de la rencontre manquée pourrait nous aider à aller au-delà de la théorisation binaire qui caractérise les scènes géopolitiques actuelles. Mon premier chapitre sur La Lettre Écarlate de Hawthorne, tente de tracer la carrière du signifiant comme une navette entre l'archive et l'avenir, entre le sujet et l'objet, entre le signifiant et le signifié. Le but de ce chapitre est de rendre compte de la temporalité du signifiant et la temporalité de la subjectivité et d’expliquer comment ils répondent à la temporalité du tuché. En explorant la dimension crypto-temporelle de la rencontre manquée, ce chapitre étudie l'excès de cryptes par la poétique (principalement prosopopée, anasémie, et les tropes d'exhumation). Le deuxième chapitre élabore sur les contours de la rencontre manquée. En adoptant des approches psychanalytiques et déconstructives, ce chapitre négocie la temporalité de la rencontre manquée (la temporalité de l'automaton et de la répétition). En explorant la temporalité narrative (prolepse et analepse) conjointement à la psycho-poétique du double, ce chapitre essaie de dévoiler les vicissitudes de la mélancolie et la “dépression narcissique” dans Moby-Dick (en particulier la répétition d'Achab lors de sa rencontre originelle dénarrée ou jamais racontée avec le cachalot blanc et sa position mélancolique par rapport à l'objet qu'il a perdu). En exposant la nature du trauma comme une rencontre manquée, dont les résidus se manifestent symptomatiquement par la répétition (et le doublement), ce chapitre explique le glissement de la lettre (par l'entremise du supplément et de la différance). Le troisième chapitre élargit la portée de la rencontre manquée pour inclure les Autres de l'Amérique. Le but principal de ce chapitre est d'évaluer les investitures politiques, culturelles, imaginaires et libidinales de la rencontre manquée dans le Réel, le Symbolique nationale des États-Unis et la réalité géopolitique actuelle. Il traite également de la relation ambiguë entre la jouissance et le Symbolique: la manière dont la jouissance anime et régit le Symbolique tout en confondant la distinction entre le Réel et la réalité et en protégeant ses manœuvres excessives.

Using the brain to understand the developing mind : commentary on the article 'Where developmental psychology and neuroscience meet : a threatening or a felicitous encounter' by María-José Rodrigo. 'Usar el cerebro para comprender el desarrollo de la mente : un comentario al artículo 'Donde la psicología evolutiva y la neurociencia se encuentran : ¿un encuentro amenazador u oportuno?' de María-José Rodrigo'.

Resumen basado en el de la publicación

Where developmental psychology and neuroscience meet : a thereatening or a felicitous encounter?. 'Donde la psicología evolutiva y la neurociencia se encuentran : ¿un encuentro amenazador u oportuno?'.

Resumen basado en el del autor

Reductionism's long shadow : commentary on ' Where developmental psychology and neuroscience meet : a threatening or a felicitous encounter?' by María José Rodrigo. 'La sombra del reduccionismo es alargada : comentarios sobre ' donde la psicología evolutiva y la neurociencia se encuentran : ¿un encuentro amenazador u oportuno?', por María José Rodrigo'.

Resumen basado en el de la publicación

The social difficulties children encounter transitioning from a self-contained deaf education program into a general education program

This study examines the difficulties, particularly social, a child who is deaf/hard of hearing encounters transitioning from a self-contained program into the general education setting. The information gathered was used to create a children's story as a helpful tool.

Global trends and factors associated with the illegal killing of elephants: a hierarchical bayesian analysis of carcass encounter data

Elephant poaching and the ivory trade remain high on the agenda at meetings of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Well-informed debates require robust estimates of trends, the spatial distribution of poaching, and drivers of poaching. We present an analysis of trends and drivers of an indicator of elephant poaching of all elephant species. The site-based monitoring system known as Monitoring the Illegal Killing of Elephants (MIKE), set up by the 10th Conference of the Parties of CITES in 1997, produces carcass encounter data reported mainly by anti-poaching patrols. Data analyzed were site by year totals of 6,337 carcasses from 66 sites in Africa and Asia from 2002–2009. Analysis of these observational data is a serious challenge to traditional statistical methods because of the opportunistic and non-random nature of patrols, and the heterogeneity across sites. Adopting a Bayesian hierarchical modeling approach, we used the proportion of carcasses that were illegally killed (PIKE) as a poaching index, to estimate the trend and the effects of site- and country-level factors associated with poaching. Important drivers of illegal killing that emerged at country level were poor governance and low levels of human development, and at site level, forest cover and area of the site in regions where human population density is low. After a drop from 2002, PIKE remained fairly constant from 2003 until 2006, after which it increased until 2008. The results for 2009 indicate a decline. Sites with PIKE ranging from the lowest to the highest were identified. The results of the analysis provide a sound information base for scientific evidence-based decision making in the CITES process.

Once upon a time, there was a fabulous funambulist: What children learn about the “high-level” vocabulary they encounter while listening to stories

Previous research has shown that listening to stories supports vocabulary growth in preschool and school-aged children and that lexical entries for even very difficult or rare words can be established if these are defined when they are first introduced. However, little is known about the nature of the lexical representations children form for the words they encounter while listening to stories, or whether these are sufficiently robust to support the child’s own use of such ‘high-level’ vocabulary. This study explored these questions by administering multiple assessments of children’s knowledge about a set of newly-acquired vocabulary. Four- and 6-year-old children were introduced to nine difficult new words (including nouns, verbs and adjectives) through three exposures to a story read by their class teacher. The story included a definition of each new word at its first encounter. Learning of the target vocabulary was assessed by means of two tests of semantic understanding – a forced choice picture-selection task and a definition production task – and a grammaticality judgment task, which asked children to choose between a syntactically-appropriate and syntactically-inappropriate usage of the word. Children in both age groups selected the correct pictorial representation and provided an appropriate definition for the target words in all three word classes significantly more often than they did for a matched set of non-exposed control words. However, only the older group was able to identify the syntactically-appropriate sentence frames in the grammaticality judgment task. Further analyses elucidate some of the components of the lexical representations children lay down when they hear difficult new vocabulary in stories and how different tests of word knowledge might overlap in their assessment of these components.

The Chandler-Furtado case: a decolonial reframing of a North/South (dis)encounter

A partir de uma perspectiva descolonial das bordas do Sul, este trabalho mostra que, apesar de Alfred Chandler e o brasileiro Celso Furtado terem muito a contribuir para a construção de um campo de estratégia multipolar, foi somente o primeiro que se tornou uma autoridade em gestão estratégica. Ao longo de mais de 50 anos Chandler e Furtado pesquisaram sobre o mesmo objeto, mas a partir de diferentes perspectivas. Contudo, defendemos que suas pesquisas são partes inseparáveis de um mesmo fenômeno, da mesma maneira que modernidade e colonialidade são, e que é necessário a descolonialidade para promover o encontro a que se propõe fazer este trabalho. Chandler defendia nos anos 60 que a grande corporação, liderada pelos gestores, era o grande motor do capitalismo americano; enquanto que no Sul, Furtado argumentava que o estado, através de planejamento e investimento, deveria liderar a saída do Brasil da condição de subdesenvolvimento, a qual lhe fora imposta principalmente pelo Norte. A crise atual da hegemonia americana sugere que devemos recuperar os argumentos de Furtado e discutir a difusão assimétrica do conhecimento e das instituições em administração na América Latina durante o período da Guerra Fria. Neste trabalho propomos uma estrutura com três níveis de análise para reavaliar este (des)encontro entre Chandler-Furtado através de perspectivas independentes: a grande narrativa da Guerra Fria, o conhecimento subalterno e a identidade nacional. Nosso objetivo é promover um mundo multipolar através dos campos da administração e gestão estratégica.