740 resultados para education for all goals
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Pós-graduação em Educação Escolar - FCLAR
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O presente trabalho teve origem na realização de pesquisa desenvolvida pela equipe do Instituto de Ciências da Educação da Universidade Federal do Pará que analisou o processo de elaboração, implantação e implementação do Plano de Ações Articuladas (PAR) no estado do Pará, no período de 2008 a 2011. Esta Dissertação teve por objetivo analisar o PAR desenvolvido no Município de São Sebastião da Boa Vista e a sua configuração como instrumento para implementar o Regime de Colaboração entre os entes federados. Trata-se de um estudo de caso de caráter qualitativo que contou com trabalho de campo, com realização de entrevistas com os atores envolvidos em todo o processo de implantação do PAR. O estudo também contou com a análise das legislações (Constituição Federal 1988, LDB/9.394, Plano Nacional de Educação, PDE, Plano de Metas Compromisso Todos pela Educação, entre outras). A revisão bibliográfica realizada partiu das contribuições de estudiosos sobre a política educacional brasileira, como Carlos Roberto Jamil Cury, Luiz Fernandes Dourado, Fernando Haddad, José Carlos Libâneo e Demerval Saviani. A partir dos resultados encontrados, observamos que o PAR é um valioso instrumento para organização da gestão da educação municipal, que permite o ente federado conhecer a sua realidade, e também auxilia o Município ao sinalizar suas necessidades e propor ações e subações para mudar sua realidade. No entanto, a execução do Plano depende de fatores alheios para que o município atinja a execução total do que foi planejado, em muitas ações é necessário um aporte financeiro específico. Diante dos resultados dessa pesquisa também foi possível observar que o PAR desenvolvido no Município de São Sebastião da Boa Vista, representou uma inovação no planejamento do trabalho da Secretaria Municipal de Educação, se constituiu em um complexo desafio em termos de sua efetivação, pois revelou a fragilidade de articulação e de cumprimento das metas, e da efetividade de um legítimo regime de colaboração entre os entes federados.
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Researchers in the field of Augmentative and Alternative Communication point out the lack of instruments for assessing children and young people with a complex communication needs. This study's focus is the selection of words for creating an instrument for the vocabulary range in non-speaking children aged two to eleven years and eleven months. Three studies were performed. The first study identified and described tools available for assessing receptive vocabulary and their respective word lists. The second identified and described research that presented word inventories or word lists. The third study identified the vocabulary reported by parents and teachers. The words that were identified in the three studies were analyzed according to: the number of times they occurred; the Picture Communication Symbols system classification; and a semantic and syntactic classification. Based on these studies the following criteria for vocabulary selection were established for word selection: the 45 words which appeared in all three studies, the words that occurred five times or more, considering the three studies, representing 167 (14.14%) words; the words identified in study one or two, but that had been reported by the families - 183 (19.37% out of 945 words) - or by teachers - 108 (11.43% out of 945 words). The word list was composed of 269 items, classified in 18 semantic and syntactic topics; it represents an initial tool for professionals in the field of health and education to set goals for beginning assessment of children and teenagers who are users of Augmentative and Alternative Communication systems.
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Pós-graduação em Planejamento e Análise de Políticas Públicas - FCHS
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Education is generally perceived as a public good which should be provided by the state. In Egypt, free and equal access to education has been guaranteed to all citizens since President Nasser’s socialist reforms in the 1950s. However, due to high population growth rates and a lack of financial resources, the public education system has been struggling to accommodate rapidly increasing numbers of students. While enrolment rates have risen steadily, the quality of state-provided services has deteriorated. Teachers and students have to cope with high class densities, insufficient facilities, a rigid syllabus and a centralized examination system. Today, teaching is among the lowest-paying occupations in the public sector. One strategy to cope with this situation is the widespread practice of private tutoring, which usually takes place at students’ homes or in commercial tutoring centers. Based on research carried out in Cairo in 2004/05 and 2006, I use an actor-centered approach to analyze the motivations of Egyptian teachers and students for participating in private tutoring and the impact that this practice has on the relationship between teachers and students. Students of all socio-economic backgrounds resort to tutoring in order to succeed in a highly competitive and exam-oriented education system. However, the form and quality of tutoring that can be accessed depends on the financial means of the family. For teachers, tutoring provides a good opportunity not only to supplement their income, but also, in the case of renowned “star teachers”, to improve their professional status and autonomy. On the informal “market of education” that has developed in Egypt during the last decades, the educational responsibilities of the state are increasingly being taken over by private actors, i.e. the process of teaching and learning is dissociated from the direct control of the state and from school as an institution. At the same time, education is turned into a marketable commodity. Despite the government’s efforts to provide free education to all citizens, the quality of social services that can be accessed in Egypt, thus, depends mainly on the financial means of the individual or the family.
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We use micro data to analyse the effect of human capital externality on earnings and private returns to education. The earnings equations are estimated using the OLS method for a sample of full-time workers. The results show that human capital has a positive effect on earnings, indicating that an increase in education benefits all workers. However, men benefit more from women's education than the women do from men's. The effects of human capital externality on private returns to schooling are shown to vary substantially between rural and urban areas and across levels of the education system.
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A gestão eficiente da comunicação organizacional representa um diferencial estratégico para qualquer organização, pública ou privada. A conscientização sobre a importância do executivo que fica à frente dessa área aumentou, no entanto, a nova realidade das organizações reduziu ao mínimo o quadro de funcionários de comunicação nas empresas. Esse cenário provocou mudanças na expectativa das competências e atuação do profissional desejado. Junto com o reconhecimento, veio a exigência do mercado de trabalho em encontrar pessoas completas para exercer a função. O Gestor de Comunicação, no cumprimento de seus objetivos, necessitará de uma visão ampla e ética, que contemple ao mesmo tempo, interesses institucionais e interesses dos públicos envolvidos. A atuação profissional à frente dessa área vai requerer, de qualquer indivíduo, domínio de conhecimentos técnicos e teóricos. Habilitar pessoas para atender essa demanda tem sido objetivo de cursos oferecidos em instituições de ensino superior em todas as regiões do país. Essas iniciativas, na maioria das vezes, são promovidas no âmbito da pós-graduação lato sensu. Desse modo, parte deste estudo será dedicada a contextualizar esta modalidade de ensino no universo da pósgraduação brasileira, verificando, inclusive, dados que se referem a sua regulação junto ao MEC. Além disso, o estudo pretende conhecer o contexto e o processo de formação dos profissionais/estudantes que buscam aprimoramento por meio desses cursos. Para atender esse objetivo, analisaremos a experiência de 10 anos de realização do Gestcorp - Curso de Gestão Estratégica de Comunicação Organizacional e Relações Públicas. Trata-se de um curso de especialização oferecido pela Escola de Comunicações e Artes da USP cujo propósito é formar gestores de comunicação organizacional para atuarem em instituições públicas, privadas ou do terceiro setor. Esperamos que este estudo possa esclarecer e/ou responder algumas indagações, entre elas: Qual o perfil do público que busca a especialização em Gestão da Comunicação Organizacional? Quais temáticas estão demandando estudos nesta área? Onde podem atuar estes formandos?.(AU)
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A gestão eficiente da comunicação organizacional representa um diferencial estratégico para qualquer organização, pública ou privada. A conscientização sobre a importância do executivo que fica à frente dessa área aumentou, no entanto, a nova realidade das organizações reduziu ao mínimo o quadro de funcionários de comunicação nas empresas. Esse cenário provocou mudanças na expectativa das competências e atuação do profissional desejado. Junto com o reconhecimento, veio a exigência do mercado de trabalho em encontrar pessoas completas para exercer a função. O Gestor de Comunicação, no cumprimento de seus objetivos, necessitará de uma visão ampla e ética, que contemple ao mesmo tempo, interesses institucionais e interesses dos públicos envolvidos. A atuação profissional à frente dessa área vai requerer, de qualquer indivíduo, domínio de conhecimentos técnicos e teóricos. Habilitar pessoas para atender essa demanda tem sido objetivo de cursos oferecidos em instituições de ensino superior em todas as regiões do país. Essas iniciativas, na maioria das vezes, são promovidas no âmbito da pós-graduação lato sensu. Desse modo, parte deste estudo será dedicada a contextualizar esta modalidade de ensino no universo da pósgraduação brasileira, verificando, inclusive, dados que se referem a sua regulação junto ao MEC. Além disso, o estudo pretende conhecer o contexto e o processo de formação dos profissionais/estudantes que buscam aprimoramento por meio desses cursos. Para atender esse objetivo, analisaremos a experiência de 10 anos de realização do Gestcorp - Curso de Gestão Estratégica de Comunicação Organizacional e Relações Públicas. Trata-se de um curso de especialização oferecido pela Escola de Comunicações e Artes da USP cujo propósito é formar gestores de comunicação organizacional para atuarem em instituições públicas, privadas ou do terceiro setor. Esperamos que este estudo possa esclarecer e/ou responder algumas indagações, entre elas: Qual o perfil do público que busca a especialização em Gestão da Comunicação Organizacional? Quais temáticas estão demandando estudos nesta área? Onde podem atuar estes formandos?.(AU)
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O ambiente escolar é muito rico de histórias, de momentos, de aprendizados e de experiências. Todo professor sempre tem muito a contar. A diversidade de pessoas nesse universo faz com que tenhamos um cotidiano escolar sem rotinas, sem limites para a criatividade. Quando se depara com algo novo ou inesperado, o professor parece se transformar num agente inovador; conquistar o espaço, a situação de maneira a dominá-la e, nas mais variadas oportunidades, surpreender com estratégias enriquecedoras. Nesta pesquisa temos a oportunidade de compartilhar vivências únicas e singulares que possibilitaram contribuir para as já existentes no campo do fazer pedagógico com alunos com necessidade educacionais especiais. Experiências frustrantes também ocorrem no espaço escolar, porém na busca por dar a voz ao professor que desempenha o atendimento educacional especializado, relatamos aqui as experiências de sucesso. Com isso registramos a contribuição de um colégio da rede particular de ensino que tem como uma de suas metas a educação para todos.
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A gestão eficiente da comunicação organizacional representa um diferencial estratégico para qualquer organização, pública ou privada. A conscientização sobre a importância do executivo que fica à frente dessa área aumentou, no entanto, a nova realidade das organizações reduziu ao mínimo o quadro de funcionários de comunicação nas empresas. Esse cenário provocou mudanças na expectativa das competências e atuação do profissional desejado. Junto com o reconhecimento, veio a exigência do mercado de trabalho em encontrar pessoas completas para exercer a função. O Gestor de Comunicação, no cumprimento de seus objetivos, necessitará de uma visão ampla e ética, que contemple ao mesmo tempo, interesses institucionais e interesses dos públicos envolvidos. A atuação profissional à frente dessa área vai requerer, de qualquer indivíduo, domínio de conhecimentos técnicos e teóricos. Habilitar pessoas para atender essa demanda tem sido objetivo de cursos oferecidos em instituições de ensino superior em todas as regiões do país. Essas iniciativas, na maioria das vezes, são promovidas no âmbito da pós-graduação lato sensu. Desse modo, parte deste estudo será dedicada a contextualizar esta modalidade de ensino no universo da pósgraduação brasileira, verificando, inclusive, dados que se referem a sua regulação junto ao MEC. Além disso, o estudo pretende conhecer o contexto e o processo de formação dos profissionais/estudantes que buscam aprimoramento por meio desses cursos. Para atender esse objetivo, analisaremos a experiência de 10 anos de realização do Gestcorp - Curso de Gestão Estratégica de Comunicação Organizacional e Relações Públicas. Trata-se de um curso de especialização oferecido pela Escola de Comunicações e Artes da USP cujo propósito é formar gestores de comunicação organizacional para atuarem em instituições públicas, privadas ou do terceiro setor. Esperamos que este estudo possa esclarecer e/ou responder algumas indagações, entre elas: Qual o perfil do público que busca a especialização em Gestão da Comunicação Organizacional? Quais temáticas estão demandando estudos nesta área? Onde podem atuar estes formandos?.(AU)
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As a result of exclusionary tactics, social, cultural or economic disadvantage or disability, vast numbers of pupils have poor educational experiences and are either marginalised or demonised due to 'difficult differences'. In the context of Martha Nussbaum's capabilities approach, where she suggests that we ought to be who we want to be, this paper addresses intellectual disability, inclusion and inclusive education. It proposes that care, compassion, creativity and ethics are critical in understanding the education for all children and young people, rather than necessarily pedagogical process. In addition, it suggests that learning should take place within and through relationships and that these relationships are important in developing a healthy sense of self. Therefore politically, rather than following a path of blame whether it is the dysfunctional family, the deficit child or the economically deprived nation, this paper says that we require socially just practices, compassion and care as fundamental to human development, social inclusion and inclusive education. Ultimately, education is failing a large sum of children and young people and therefore needs to be radically reconsidered.
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Organizations can use the valuable tool of data envelopment analysis (DEA) to make informed decisions on developing successful strategies, setting specific goals, and identifying underperforming activities to improve the output or outcome of performance measurement. The Handbook of Research on Strategic Performance Management and Measurement Using Data Envelopment Analysis highlights the advantages of using DEA as a tool to improve business performance and identify sources of inefficiency in public and private organizations. These recently developed theories and applications of DEA will be useful for policymakers, managers, and practitioners in the areas of sustainable development of our society including environment, agriculture, finance, and higher education sectors. All rights reserved.
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Modern comprehensive high schools do not formally track students into different programs, but schools offer different curricular sequences with important and stratified consequences for students' post-secondary education. This study used qualitative methodology to examine how schools' organizational cultures influence the maintenance of tracking practices in four comprehensive high schools in Miami. The methodology included long-term participant observation in each of the four schools, unstructured and semi-structured interviews and the collection of written documents produced by the district. A framework based on the concepts of environment, mission, information, strategy, and leadership was used to analyze the data. ^ It was found that school cultures shared deeply held beliefs that regard ability as a fixed trait. This prevented schools from providing access to information about the consequences of course selection to the majority of the student body, with the exception of those students defined as “college bound.” State and County level policies that reward achievement in standardized tests combined with school overcrowding, resulted in organizational cultures that favored the adoption of strategies stressing efficiency, as opposed to a challenging education for all students. Only one of the four schools in the study had a policy requiring students to attempt courses that were more challenging. The practice was resented by both teachers and counselors, since it was perceived as interfering with other goals of the institution, i.e.: graduating students in four years. ^ The culture of the schools stressed college as the only legitimate post-secondary option; consequently, the majority of counselors did not encourage students—even those already defined as “not college material”—to consider other alternatives, such as vocational education. The elimination of formal tracks in these comprehensive high schools resulted in the school culture lacking a clear mission in regards to non-college bound students. Findings are discussed in relation to current theoretical explanations for educational policy and equality of opportunity. ^
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Along with the accumulation of evidence supporting the role of entrepreneurship in economic development (Acs & Armington, 2006; Kuratko, 2005, Reynolds, 2007), governments have persisted in encouraging people to become entrepreneurs (Acs & Stough, 2008; Brannback & Carsrud, 2008). These efforts have tried to reproduce the conditions under which entrepreneurship emerges. One of these conditions is to develop entrepreneurial skills among students and scientists (Fan & Foo, 2004). Entrepreneurship education within higher education has experienced a remarkable expansion in the last 20 years (Green, 2008). To develop entrepreneurial skills among students, scholars have proposed different teaching approaches. However, no clear relationship has been demonstrated between entrepreneurship education, learning outcomes, and business creation (Hostager & Decker, 1999). Despite policy makers demands for more accountability from educational institutions (Klimoski, 2007) and entrepreneurship instructors demands for consistency about what should be taught and how (Maidment, 2009), the appropriate content for entrepreneurship programs remains under constant discussion (Solomon, 2007). Entrepreneurship education is still in its infancy, professors propose diverse teaching goals and radically different teaching methods. This represents an obstacle to development of foundational and consistent curricula across the board (Cone, 2008). Entrepreneurship education is in need of a better conceptualization of the learning outcomes pursued in order to develop consistent curriculum. Many schools do not have enough qualified faculty to meet the growing student demand and a consistent curriculum is needed for faculty development. Entrepreneurship instructors and their teaching practices are of interest because they have a role in producing the entrepreneurs needed to grow the economy. This study was designed to understand instructors’ perspectives and actions related to their teaching. The sample studied consisted of eight college and university entrepreneurship instructors. Cases met predetermined criteria of importance followed maximum variation strategies. Results suggest that teaching content were consistent across participants while different teaching goals were identified: some instructors inspire and develop general skills of students while others envision the creation of a real business as the major outcome of their course. A relationship between methods reported by instructors and their disciplinary background, teaching perspective, and entrepreneurial experience was found.
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The purpose of this research was to gain an understanding of the study experience of non-American graduate students living outside of the United States and formally engaged in graduate studies in an American Distance Education (DE) Program. These students have been labeled “culturally sensitive.” The nature of this study dictated a qualitative case study methodology using in-depth interviews to collect the data and the hermeneutic approach to understanding and description. This study aims at generating questions and hypotheses that will lead to further investigations that explore the need for cultural and contextual sensitivity in order to provide more equitable and accessible higher education for all. ^ The study attempted to answer the question: What is the study experience of “culturally sensitive” graduate students in American DE Programs? The underlying issue in this study is whether education designed and provided by educators of different socio-cultural backgrounds from that of the students could be content relevant and instructionally appropriate, resulting in educational enhancement and/or prepare students to function adequately in their own communities. ^ Participants in this study (n = 12) were engaged in Master's level (n = 2) and Doctoral level (n = 10) DE programs at American Universities, and were interviewed by E-mail, face-to-face, or using a combination of the two. Data analysis compared interviews and highlighted repetitive patterns. Interview data was triangulated with recent related literature and data from document reviews of archived E-mail conversations between students and their professors. The patterns that emerged were coded and categorized according to generative themes. The following themes were identified in order to analyze the data and confirmed through participant check-back: program benefits, communication, technology, culture and methodology, and reflectivity. ^ Major findings in this study indicate that culture plays an important role in cross-cultural encounters for students in American DE programs vis-à-vis student perceptions as to whether their study needs were being met. Most notably, it was found that the coupling of cultural perceptual differences with transactional distance created a potential barrier to communication that could affect short-term success in American DE programs. To overcome this barrier, students cited good communication as essential in meeting student's needs, especially those communications that were supportive and full of detail and context and from a primary source (ex. directly from the professor). Evaluation was a particularly sensitive issue, especially when students were unaware of their professor's cultural and contextual intricacies and therefore were uncertain about expectations and intended meaning. CSGS were aware of their position and the American rather than global context in which they were participating. Students appear to have developed “extended identities”, meaning that they acculturated in varying degrees in order to be successful in their program but that their local cultural identity was not compromised in any way. For participants from Venezuela access to higher DE has been a limiting factor to participation, due to the high cost of technology and telephone lines for communication. ^