Altitudinal Ranging of Black-Crested Gibbons at Mt. Wuliang, Yunnan: Effects of Food Distribution, Temperature and Human Disturbance

We studied the altitudinal ranging of one habituated group of black-crested gibbons (Nomascus concolor) at Dazhaizi, Mt. Wuliang, Yunnan, China, between March 2005 and April 2006. The group ranged from 1,900 to 2,680 m above sea level. Food distribution was the driving force behind the altitudinal ranging patterns of the study group. They spent 83.2% of their time ranging between 2,100 and 2,400 m, where 75.8% of important food patches occurred. They avoided using the area above 2,500 m despite a lack of human disturbance there, apparently because there were few food resources. Temperature had a limited effect on seasonal altitudinal ranging but probably explained the diel altitudinal ranging of the group, which tended to use the lower zone in the cold morning and the higher zone in the warm afternoon. Grazing goats, the main disturbance, were limited to below 2,100 m, which was defined as the high-disturbance area (HDA). Gibbons spent less time in the HDA and, when ranging there, spent more time feeding and travelling and less time resting and singing. Human activities directly influenced gibbon behaviour, might cause forest degradation and create dispersal barriers between populations. Copyright (C) 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel

A influência da participação em linha do utilizador na produção das webrádios: um estudo multicaso da Campina FM e da Rádio Comercial

A presente investigação aborda a relação entre a participação em linha do utilizador e a produção de conteúdo na webrádio, tendo como objetivo geral investigar se e como a produção das webrádios é influenciada pela participação em linha dos utilizadores no contexto transmedia. A pesquisa é dividida em duas partes. A primeira é teórica, na qual aborda-se os conceitos fundamentais da investigação e a metodologia adotada para a recolha e análise dos dados. A segunda é prática e se refere às recolhas de dados feitas em duas emissoras (uma brasileira, a Campina FM, e outra portuguesa, a Rádio Comercial) e à apresentação e interpretação desses dados. Em relação ao conteúdo teórico são adotados como conceitos fundamentais: webrádio, radiomorfose, narrativa transmedia, participação em linha do utilizador e produção em webrádio. A metodologia empregue se apresenta no método etnográfico e baseia-se em quatro técnicas de recolhas distintas: observação não-participante, observação participante, inquérito por questionário e inquérito por entrevistas. Tendo por base a análise dos dados recolhidos, as principais conclusões desta tese são: há a potencialização do utilizador nas narrativas transmedia apresentadas, com a rede Facebook sendo o recurso interativo mais importante, mas que, por limites da emissora (sejam conceituais ou técnicos), a participação do utilizador não tem influência direta na produção da webrádio.

Factores de rentabilização do processo de serragem de granitos com engenhos multi-lâminas

Este trabalho visa apresentar um enquadramento da realidade económica e industrial do sector transformador de granitos ornamentais em Portugal e fazer uma análise do processo de serragem, com engenhos multi-lâminas e granalha de aço, na medida em que este é o método de seccionamento de blocos de granito mais utilizado pelas grandes indústrias do sector. Tendo em conta a importância económica desta operação produtiva na indústria em causa, foi definido como fito deste projecto a análise estatística dos custos de produção; a definição de fórmulas de cálculo que permitam prever o custo médio de serragem; e o estudo de soluções economicamente viáveis e ambientalmente sustentáveis para o problema das lamas resultantes do expurgo dos engenhos. Para a persecução deste projecto foi realizada uma recolha de dados implementando rotinas de controlo e registo dos mesmos, em quadros de produção normalizados e de fácil preenchimento, pelos operadores destes equipamentos. Esta recolha de dados permitiu isolar, quantificar e formular os factores de rentabilização do processo de serragem selecionando, dentro da amostra de estudo obtida, um conjunto de serragens com características similares e com valores próximos dos valores da média estatística. Apartir dos dados destas serragens foram geradas curvas de tendência polinomial com as quais se analisaram as variações provocadas no custo médio de serragem, pelas variações do factor em estudo. A formulação dos factores de rentabilização e os dados estatísticos obtidos permitiram depois o desenvolvimento de fórmulas de cálculo do custo médio de serragem que establecem o custo de produção diferenciado em função das espessuras com, ou sem, a incorporação dos factores de rentabilização. Como consequência do projecto realizado obteve-se um conjunto de conclusões util, para o sector industrial em causa, que evidencia a importancia da Ocupação dos engenhos e rentabilização de um espaço confinado, da Resistência oferecida à serragem pelos granitos, e da Diferença de altura entre os blocos de uma mesma carga, nos custos de transformação.

O financiamento nas cooperativas

As cooperativas, enquanto entidades pertencentes ao setor da economia social, são organizações com características próprias e distintas das sociedades comerciais, destacando-se o seu escopo mutualístico e o caráter variável do seu capital social, por confronto com o escopo lucrativo e o princípio da conservação do capital social que caraterizam as sociedades. Estas especificidades das cooperativas condicionam a obtenção de meios de financiamento por parte destas. Em virtude do seu caráter variável, o capital social não representa uma garantia para os credores, pelo que serão as reservas, designadamente as reservas obrigatórias, que se apresentarão como o recurso financeiro de melhor qualidade na cooperativa. Nas cooperativas são identificáveis outros instrumentos financeiros, tais como: títulos de investimento e obrigações, os resultados provenientes das operações com terceiros, que são obrigatoriamente afetados a reservas irrepartíveis, os excedentes, os membros investidores, subsídios e benefícios fiscais. Para além da identificação das principais fontes de financiamento, foi ainda objeto de estudo repensar os instrumentos existentes e, eventualmente, a criação de novos instrumentos de financiamento nas cooperativas. Em termos metodológicos, a opção recaiu na conjugação de dois métodos: quantitativo e qualitativo. A técnica da investigação quantitativa selecionada para a recolha de dados, foi a base de dados, e para a investigação qualitativa as técnicas escolhidas foram a análise de conteúdo, a entrevista e o registo áudio. Os resultados da investigação confirmam a indispensabilidade de criação de novos instrumentos de financiamento para as cooperativas. Constatou-se a necessidade de modelos de financiamento que se adaptem à finalidade mutualista da cooperativa. Demonstrou-se que a principal fonte de financiamento são os recursos internos, sob forma de reservas.

Prévention du VIH chez les femmes travailleuses du sexe de Conakry, République de Guinée : conseil dépistage volontaire, comportements à risque et infections sexuellement transmissibles

Problématique : Les femmes travailleuses du sexe (TS) constituent la population le plus à risque d’infection au VIH dans différents pays d’Afrique subsaharienne. Plusieurs interventions y ont ainsi été menées pour réduire le risque d’infection en influant sur les facteurs de risque. Parmi ces interventions, on peut citer la promotion de l’utilisation du préservatif de même que le dépistage et le traitement des infections sexuellement transmissibles (IST). Cependant, certaines composantes sont peu représentées dans ce panel d’interventions offertes aux femmes TS. Le conseil dépistage volontaire pourrait s’avérer une intervention utile de prévention primaire et secondaire pour cette population mais son acceptabilité est mal connue. Par ailleurs, en termes de surveillance de l’épidémie, l’évaluation de la validité de l’auto-rapport d’utilisation du préservatif, indicateur fréquemment utilisé lors d’enquêtes populationnelles serait souhaitable. Enfin, pour ce qui est de la prévention de l’infection dans cette population, l’effet du désir d’enfant sur l’utilisation non systématique du condom avec le principal partenaire régulier non payant est peu connu. Il en est de même pour la prévalence de certaines IST comme le VPH-16 et l’effet combiné de facteurs sociodémographiques, comportementaux et préventifs sur la présence de ces IST. Objectifs : Les objectifs de cette thèse sont 1) de mesurer l’acceptabilité et les conséquences du conseil dépistage volontaire du VIH chez les femmes TS de Conakry en Guinée; 2) d’évaluer la validité de l’auto-rapport de l’utilisation du préservatif dans cette population grâce à un indicateur biologique de présence de sperme, l’antigène spécifique de la prostate (PSA); 3) d’estimer la fréquence d’utilisation systématique du préservatif avec les partenaires clients et non-clients des femmes TS et d’étudier l’importance du désir d’enfant dans l’utilisation non systématique du préservatif avec le principal partenaire régulier non-client et 4) de mesurer la prévalence des IST et du VIH et d’étudier les facteurs sociodémographiques, comportementaux et préventifs qui y sont associés. Méthodologie : Nous avons mené une étude longitudinale dans la ville de Conakry en Guinée auprès de 421 femmes TS recrutées dans trois services de santé adaptés pour elles. Un devis mixte répété un an plus tard a permis de collecter des données quantitatives et qualitatives. Des analyses biologiques de dépistage des IST et du VIH ont été effectuées. Résultats : Le premier article de résultats présenté dans cette thèse montre que l’acceptabilité du conseil dépistage volontaire est élevée chez les femmes TS. En effet, les taux d’acceptation du test, de retour pour la prise de résultats et de notification du statut sérologique avoisinaient les 100%. Cette acceptabilité semblait être le fait d’une perception de risque d’infection élevé, mais aussi d’une pression sociale du milieu prostitutionnel pour effectuer le dépistage et révéler le statut sérologique. Les conséquences négatives au dépistage étaient rares. Le deuxième article montre que l’auto-rapport de l’usage récent du préservatif a une très faible sensibilité lorsque comparé à l’étalon d’or que constitue la PSA. Ainsi, la plupart des personnes chez qui la PSA était retrouvée ne rapportaient aucun rapport non protégé récent. La discordance entre l’auto-rapport d’utilisation récente du préservatif et la présence de PSA était associée à une perception de risque d’infection au VIH élevé. Enfin, la troisième section montre que si l’utilisation systématique du préservatif était très fréquente avec les clients, elle l’est beaucoup moins avec le principal partenaire régulier non-client. Le désir d’enfant de la femme TS contribue de manière significative à l’utilisation non systématique du condom avec ce type de partenaire. Des facteurs sociodémographiques, comportementaux et la coinfection par d’autres IST sont associés à la présence d’IST/VIH, ces dernières étant fréquentes dans la population des femmes TS malgré les nombreuses interventions qui y sont menées. Conclusion : En conclusion, l’on peut dire que la prévention du VIH chez les femmes TS constitue un défi nécessitant des interventions intégrées tenant compte du contexte commercial dans lequel ces interventions sont implantées et des aspirations des femmes TS en matière de reproduction.

Studies on the microbial pathogens salmonella and vibrio parahfamolyticus in selected marine products

This thesis deals initially with a literature reference survey ,taxonomy, their incidence in selected food fishes and shellfishes, and their incidence and distribution, their survival during different types of processing, their heat survival at temperatures of 50 ,55 and 60 degree centigrade their growth initiation at different low levels of pHs(4.0 to 10) ,and their developmental resistance to various chemical agents. The trials for the study were collected from various landing centre at cochin and the retail outlets. Based on these data collections the researcher was able to obtain more knowledge of the processing technology and the survival of pathogens like salmonella and vibrio parahaemolyticus.

Is what you say what you do? Analyzing and comparing the effect of buyer-supplier relationship in the Brazilian and Chinese supplier selection criteria

Choosing properly and efficiently a supplier has been challenging practitioners and academics since 1960’s. Since then, countless studies had been performed and relevant changes in the business scenario were considered such as global sourcing, quality-orientation, just-in-time practices. It is almost consensus that quality should be the selection driver, however, some polemical findings questioned this general agreement. Therefore, one of the objectives of the study was to identify the supplier selection criteria and bring this discussion back again. Moreover, Dickson (1966) suggested existing business relationship as selection criterion, then it was reviewed the importance of business relationship for the company and noted a set of potential negative effects that could rise from it. By considering these side effects of relationship, this research aimed to investigate how the relationship could influence the supplier selection and how its harmful effects could affect the selection process. The impact of this phenomenon was investigated cross-nationally. The research strategy adopted was a controlled experiment via vignette combined with discrete choice analysis. The data collections were performed in China and Brazil. By examining the results, it could be drawn five major findings. First, when purchasers were asked to declare their supplier selection priorities, quality was stated as the most important independently of country and relationship. This result was consistent with diverse studies since 60’s. However, when purchasers were exposed to a multi-criteria trade-off situation, their actual selection priorities deviate from what they had declared. In the actual decision-making without influence of buyer-supplier relationship, Brazilian purchasers focused on price and Chinese buyers prioritized delivery then price. This observation reinforced some controversial prior studies of Verma & Pullman (1998) and Hirakubo & Kublin (1998). Second, through the introduction of the buyer-supplier relationship (operationalized via relational capital) in the supplier selection process, this research extended the existing studies and found that Brazilian buyers still focused on price. The relationship became just another criterion for supplier selection such as quality and delivery. However, from the Chinese sample, the results suggested that quality was totally discarded and the decision was majorly made through price and relationship. The third finding suggested that relational capital could legitimate the quality and sustainability of the supplier and replaces these selection criteria and made the decisional task less complex. Additionally, with the relational capital, the decision-makings were associated to few biases such as availability cognition, commitment, confirmatory and perceived biases. By analyzing the purchasers’ behavior, relational capital inducted buyers of both countries to relax in their purchasing requirements (quality, delivery and sustainability) leading to potential negative effects. In the Brazilian sample, the phenomenon of willing to pay a higher price for a lower quality offer demonstrated to be a potential counterproductive and suboptimal decision. Finally, the last finding was associated to the cultural effect on the buyers’ decisions. From the outcome, it is possible to observe that if a purchaser’s cultural background is more relation-oriented, the more he will tend to use relational capital as a decision heuristic, thus, the purchaser will be more susceptible to the potential relationship’s side effects

Biossegurança e a saúde do trabalhador na assistência a pacientes em tratamento onco-hematológico

In recent years, the biosafety has been made possible a new look which are based the conceptions of health and illness process, as well as human needs. This new vision is focused on health vigilance that is referenced specifically in this study to the worker s health. The health of workers is essential for the prevention and control of epidemics and outbreaks of diseases as well as emerging and reemerging diseases. The present study wants to show the importance of biosafety measures for health workers, showing them through the concepts in their daily work. It is also to direct the use of biosafety measures in the care of oncology and hematology patients care, because of its infection susceptibility. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the conceptions of health workers in the biosafety pratice to the patients in oncological and hematological treatment in an oncological institution in Natal / RN, as well as make a socio-demographic profile of these workers and to know their difficulties to adequate biosafety measures. METODOLOGIA: The research is exploratory descriptive with qualitative approach, using the technique of oral history. The use of this technique is justified for the possibility of analyze the conceptions of health workers in the face of biosafety measures. From the definition of analysis categories that have emerged in the study. The categories were: daily work, education, occupational risk and onco-hematological care. The research population was the health workers who provide care to patients in oncological and hematological treatment. The study was conducted in the League against Cancer, in Natal / RN, specifically in the unit Luiz Antonio Hospital. Data collections were conducted from June to August of 2011 and were interviewed sixteen employees who assist in oncology and hematology. Structured interviews were conducted in three shifts, given the prospects of expanding the possibilities of analysis of the biosafety concepts. After data collection, the interviews were analyzed qualitatively by the technique of oral history. This genre, thematic oral history is a modern resource used for preparation of documents, files and studies concerning the social experience of people and groups with the construction of a script prior to the interview moment (MEIHY, 2002). ANALYSIS OF INFORMATION: It was made a reflection about the concepts and practices of professionals who take care of patients in oncology and hematology as well as its relation to biosafety measures. The speech of employees revealed that the adoption has been very supportive of these standards, although some have been highlighted gaps in the understanding of employees in relation to biosafety and the proposed categories. CONCLUSION: The analysis of information showed that biosafety has been cited by employees as an immeasurable benefit to safety and occupational health. And the strengths marks in their understanding were: the excellence of care and safety in occupational diseases risk reduction and infections resulting from their work activities, despite some difficulties in adopting appropriate biosafety standards

Curvas de crescimento e de deposição dos componentes corporais em aves de postura de diferentes linhagens

Objetivou-se com este trabalho determinar as curvas de crescimento de aves de postura das linhagens semipesadas Hy Line Marrom (HLM) e Hisex Marrom (HSM) e leves Hy Line W36 (HLW36) e Hisex Branca (HSB). Foram utilizadas 300 aves de cada linhagem, distribuídas em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições de 75 aves por tratamento. Semanalmente, foram avaliados o peso vivo (PV), o peso de pena (PP) e a composição corporal de proteína, gordura, cinzas e água. As curvas de crescimento foram determinadas aplicando-se os dados na função de Gompertz. As aves semipesadas foram mais tardias para PV que as leves, com taxas de crescimento corporal e pesos à maturidade (PM) maiores. Aves da linhagem HLW36 foram 64,23 g mais leves à maturidade que as HSB. As respostas obtidas para o crescimento das penas e deposição protéica foram semelhantes, todavia, os PM foram maiores para as aves marrons que para as brancas. No entanto, para estes componentes, as Hy Line tiveram maiores deposições que as Hisex. A taxa de peso de pena à maturidade foi menor na linhagem HLW36, tornando-a três dias mais tardia em comparação à HSB. A menor deposição protéica no final do período de crescimento da HSM possibilitou o desvio da energia ingerida para deposição de gordura, resultando em PM superestimado em relação às aves HLM. As aves da linhagem Hy Line foram mais tardias na composição de cinzas, apresentando PM superiores ao das aves Hisex. Entre as variáveis estudadas, os PM foram sempre maiores nas aves Hy Line, no entanto, a deposição de água corporal nas aves Hisex foi maior, assim como as taxas máximas à maturidade foram mais tardias, o que justifica a semelhança no ganho de peso entre as diferentes linhagens, visto que os demais componentes estudados foram maiores para as Hy Line.

Spatial variations at different observational scales and the seasonal distributions of stream macroalgae in a Brazilian subtropical region

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Geoprocessamento de dados meteo-oceonográficos (cor do oceano e temperatura da superfície do mar) aplicado ao monitoramento ambiental na costa setentrional do Rio Grande do Norte

Orbital remote sensing has been used as a beneficial tool in improving the knowledge on oceanographic and hydrodynamic aspects in northern portion of the continental shelf of Rio Grande do Norte, offshore Potiguar Basin. Aspects such as geography, temporal and spatial resolution combined with a consistent methodology and provide a substantial economic advantage compared to traditional methods of in situ data collecting. Images of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor onboard NASA's AQUA satellite were obtained to support systematic data collections related to the campaign of environmental monitoring and characterization of Potiguar Basin, held in May 2004. Images of Total Suspension Matter (TSM) and values of radiance standard were generated for the calculation of concentrations of total suspension matter (TSM), chlorophyll-a and sea surface temperature (SST). These data sets were used for statistical comparisons between measures in situ and satellite estimates looking validate algorithms or develop a comprehensive regional approach empirically. AQUA-MODIS images allowed the simultaneous comparison of two-dimensional water quality (total suspension matter), phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll-a) variability and physical (temperature). For images of total suspension matter, the generated models showed a good correlation with the field data, allowing quantitative and qualitative analysis. The images of chlorophyll-a showed a consistent correlation with the in situ values of concentration. The algorithms adjusted for these images obtained a correlation coefficient fairly well with the data field in order that the sensor can be having an effect throughout the water column and not just the surface. This has led to a fit between the data of chlorophyll-the integration of the average sampling interval of the entire water column up to the level of the first optical depth, with the data generated from the images. This method resulted in higher values of chlorophyll concentration to greater depths, due to the fact that we are integrating more values of chlorophyll in the water column. Thus we can represent the biomass available in the water column. Images SST and SST measures in situ showed a mean difference DT (SST insitu - SST sat) around -0.14 ° C, considered low, making the results very good. The integration of total suspension matter, chlorophyll-a, the temperature of the sea surface (SST) and auxiliary data enabled the recognition of some of the main ways to fund the continental shelf. The main features highlighted were submerged canyons of rivers Apodi and Açu, some of the lines and beachrocks reefs, structural highs and the continental shelf break which occurs at depths around -60 m. The results confirmed the high potential for use of the AQUA-MODIS images to environmental monitoring of sea areas due to ease of detection of the field two-dimensional material in suspension on the sea surface, temperature and the concentration of chlorophyll-a

Erosão hídrica pós-plantio em florestas de eucalipto na região centro-leste de Minas Gerais

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as perdas de solo e água por erosão hídrica, em parcelas-padrão sob chuva natural, no período pós-plantio, em diferentes sistemas de manejo de florestas de eucalipto. O experimento foi instalado em Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo, muito argiloso, relevo ondulado. As coletas de dados foram realizadas no período de outubro de 2002 a fevereiro de 2004, em eventos de chuva considerada erosiva. Os sistemas estudados foram: mata nativa; pastagem plantada; eucalipto plantado em nível; eucalipto plantado na direção do declive; eucalipto plantado na direção do declive com queima de restos culturais; e solo descoberto. Entre os sistemas florestais, o eucalipto em nível é o que mais se aproxima da mata nativa, em perdas de solo, indicando assim maior sustentabilidade desse sistema. Os maiores valores de perda de água são encontrados no sistema eucalipto plantado na direção do declive com queima de restos culturais, sugerindo que o fogo aumenta a repelência à água e diminui a taxa de infiltração de água no solo. Todos os sistemas de manejo do eucalipto estudados apresentaram perdas de solo inferiores ao limite de tolerância.

An integrated database on ticks and tick-borne zoonoses in the tropics and subtropics with special reference to developing and emerging countries

Tick-borne zoonoses (TBZ) are emerging diseases worldwide. A large amount of information (e.g. case reports, results of epidemiological surveillance, etc.) is dispersed through various reference sources (ISI and non-ISI journals, conference proceedings, technical reports, etc.). An integrated database-derived from the ICTTD-3 project (http://www.icttd.nl)-was developed in order to gather TBZ records in the (sub-)tropics, collected both by the authors and collaborators worldwide. A dedicated website (http://www.tickbornezoonoses.org) was created to promote collaboration and circulate information. Data collected are made freely available to researchers for analysis by spatial methods, integrating mapped ecological factors for predicting TBZ risk. The authors present the assembly process of the TBZ database: the compilation of an updated list of TBZ relevant for (sub-)tropics, the database design and its structure, the method of bibliographic search, the assessment of spatial precision of geo-referenced records. At the time of writing, 725 records extracted from 337 publications related to 59 countries in the (sub-)tropics, have been entered in the database. TBZ distribution maps were also produced. Imported cases have been also accounted for. The most important datasets with geo-referenced records were those on Spotted Fever Group rickettsiosis in Latin-America and Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever in Africa. The authors stress the need for international collaboration in data collection to update and improve the database. Supervision of data entered remains always necessary. Means to foster collaboration are discussed. The paper is also intended to describe the challenges encountered to assemble spatial data from various sources and to help develop similar data collections.

Influência dos níveis protéicos fornecidos na dieta sobre o sistema reprodutivo de carneiros

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Levantamento da herpetofauna do Parque Municipal Nascentes de Paranapiacaba, Santo André, SP

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia) - IBRC