Union Formation and Bargaining Rules in the Labor Market

This paper analyzes union formation in a model of bargaining between a firm and several unions. We address two questions: first, the optimal configuration of unions (their number and size) and, second, the impact of the bargaining pattern (simultaneous or sequential). For workers, grouping into several unions works as a price discrimination device which, at the same time, decreases their market power. The analysis shows that optimal union configuration depends on the rules that regulate the bargaining process (monopoly union, Nash bargaining or right to manage).

System requirement report for ‘Level 2’: national management institutions, Fisheries Department in Cambodia

(51 p.)

A note on bargaining power and managerial delegation in multimarket oligopolies

In a two-stage delegation game model with Nash bargaining between a manager and an owner, an equivalence result is found between this game and Fershtman and Judd's strategic delegation game (Fershtman and Judd, 1987). Interestingly, although both games are equivalent in terms of profits under certain conditions, managers obtain greater rewards in the bargaining game. This results in a redistribution of profits between owners and managers.

System requirement report for Level 2 – national management institutions, for the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources in the Philippines

This report presents the findings from a thorough literature review, workshops, and group and individual interviews conducted by STREAM in the Philippines in November and December 2003. The ambitious scope of the report combined with the limited time frame and funding available to compile it necessitated the extensive use of secondary data, including both published and unpublished material written by staff of the agencies / organisations involved, with very limited editing of material used. All possible efforts were made to generate information in participation with the government institutions responsible for managing the fisheries, and all contributors (as well as many other stakeholders) were provided with multiple opportunities to comment on the report content. The contributors are listed on the front page of the report. (Pdf contains 56 pages).

Group size and decision rules in legislative bargaining

We conduct experiments to investigate the effects of different majority requirements on bargaining outcomes in small and large groups. In particular, we use a Baron-Ferejohn protocol and investigate the effects of decision rules on delay (number of bargaining rounds needed to reach agreement) and measures of "fairness" (inclusiveness of coalitions, equality of the distribution within a coalition). We find that larger groups and unanimity rule are associated with significantly larger decision making costs in the sense that first round proposals more often fail, leading to more costly delay. The higher rate of failure under unanimity rule and in large groups is a combination of three facts: (1) in these conditions, a larger number of individuals must agree, (2) an important fraction of individuals reject offers below the equal share, and (3) proposers demand more (relative to the equal share) in large groups.

Dietary carbohydrate requirement of Heterobranchus longifilis

The dietary carbohydrate requirement of Heterobranchus longifilis was evaluated in two separate experiments.In the first experiment, varying levels of carbohydrate ranging from 28, 24 to58 72% were fed to the fish of mean weight 1.83~c0.02g. Results revealed that the polynomial regression curve for the mean weight gain and the carbohydrate levels did not present a point where Y-max is equal to X-max and so the requirement was not obtained. The second experiment was therefore, conducted with lower levels of carbohydrate ranging from 17.00 to 20.86% and fed to fish with mean weight 0.49~c0.02g. Based on growth and feed efficiency data the carbohydrate requirement was determined to be 19.5%

Special carbon requirement of Spirulina platensis culture. [Translation from: Materialy VII Vsesoyuznogo Rabochego Soveshchanii po Voprosu Krugovorota Veshchestv v Zamknutoi Sisteme na Osnove Zhiznedeyatel'nosti Nizshikh Organizmov p55-57. Kiev, Naukova Dumka, 1972.]

By the industrial cultivation of blue-green algae, there very much appears the important question about their carbon nutrition. Spirulina grows within the range of pH value of medium of 8.5 - 11.0. In this range of pH value in the culture medium CO2 is present in the form of bicarbonate and carbonate, which serves as principal source of carbon for the present type of algae. There is little information yet about the influence of the pH of the medium, and the form of carbon components of the medium, on the rate-increase of Spirulina. Investigations were conducted into the influence of some pH values of medium on the rate-increase of the alga Spirulina platensis.

Gross energy requirement in fishing operations

Energy is a key input into the fish harvesting process. Efficient use of energy helps in reducing operational costs and environmental impact, while increasing profits. Energy optimisation is an important aspect of responsible fishing as enunciated in the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries. Gross Energy Requirement (GER) is the sum of all non-renewable energy resources consumed in making available a product or service and is expressed in energy units per physical unit of product or service delivered. GER is a measure of intensity of non-renewable resource use and it reflects the amount of depletion of earth’s inherited store of non-renewable energy in order to create and make available a product or service. In this study, GER in fish harvesting up to the point of landing is estimated in selected fish harvesting systems in the small-mechanised sectors of Indian fisheries and compared with reported results from selected non mechanised and motorised fishing systems to reflect the situation during 1997-1998. Among the fish harvesting systems studied, GER t fish-1 ranged from 5.54 and 5.91 GJ, respectively, for wooden and steel purse seiners powered by 156 hp engines; 6.40 GJ for wooden purse seiner with 235 hp engine; 25.18 GJ for mechanised gillnet/line fishing vessel with 89 hp engines; to 31.40 and 36.97 GJ, respectively, for wooden and steel trawlers powered by 99-106 hp engines.

Dietary cholesterol requirement of larvae and postlarvae of the prawn Penaeus indicus (H. Milne Edwards)

Two sets of experiments were conducted to determine the dietary cholesterol requirement of larvae and postlarvae 1-10 of Penaeus indicus. Seven approximately isocaloric and isonitrogenous purified experimental diets were tried with graded levels of cholesterol ranging from 0 to 4%. The control feed for larvae and postlarvae 1-10 were phytoplankton and compounded feed NPCL-17, developed by CMFRI, Cochin respectively. Result of these experiments indicates that cholesterol is an essential nutrient in the diet of larvae and postlarvae 1-10. Survival and growth of larvae and postlarvae 1-10 were greatly affected by cholesterol deficiency in the diet. The optimal cholesterol requirement for larvae appeared to be 0.5% of the diet, while it was higher for postlarvae where inclusion of cholesterol at a level of 2% in the diet gave higher growth.

Energy substrate requirement for in vitro maturation of oocytes from unstimulated adult rhesus monkeys

The energy substrates lactate, pyruvate, and glucose were evaluated for supporting in vitro cytoplasmic maturation of rhesus monkey oocytes. A total of 321 cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) aspirated from greater than or equal to 1000 mum diameter follicles

A preliminary study on the protein requirement of Chanos chanos (Forskal) fry in a controlled environment

Growth rate of fish appeared to be related to the levels of the protein in the diet up to 40%. Fish fed diets containing 50 and 60% grew slower than those fed 40%, and the optimum level appears to be 40% when fed to fry at a rate of 10% of body weight. Best feed conversion of 1.96 was also obtained from the 40% protein diet. Mean survival rates were low in all treatments, but highest for the 40% protein diet. The competition of 5 isocaloric experimental diets containing various levels of protein are tabulated, as are weight gains, diet conversions and survival rates for milkfish fry fed various dietary levels of protein. Growth curves for milkfish fry are shown, and the relationship between weight gains of milkfish fry and the dietary levels of protein are illustrated.

Dietary crude protein requirement of Tilapia nilotica fry

To determine growth and survival of Tilapia nilotica fry fed formulated practical dry diets with varying crude protein levels, fish were subjected to 3 seperate feeding trials. Isocaloric practical diets containing 20, 25, 30 and 35% crude protein were fed to fry at 15% fish biomass daily for 7 weeks in 2 trials and another set containing 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50% was given for 8 weeks. On the basis of growth, survival and feed conversion, T. nilotica fry required 35% crude protein in the practical diets given at 15% fish biomass.