Errores gerenciales en empresas multinacionales del sector farmacéutico en Colombia

La presente investigación brinda una explicación, a partir de una metodología basándose en aportes de la administración, a la longevidad de las empresas nacionales y multinacionales en Colombia, partiendo de un análisis de los errores gerenciales que las llevan a la quiebra o al no cumplimiento de los objetivos organizacionales a partir de analizar en diferentes situaciones el comportamiento de sus gerentes y/o dirigentes. Actualmente en Colombia existen 1’683.079 empresas clasificadas de la siguiente manera: 1’609.015 microempresas, 62.274 pequeñas empresas, 10.098 medianas empresas y 1.683 grandes empresas y alrededor de 700 multinacionales.

Principles of equity and trusts

This fourth edition of Principles of Equity and Trusts has been comprehensively updated and revised. It retains its original style of presenting principles and remedies relevant to equity and trusts in a straightforward and succinct manner.This new edition includes a discussion of new developments in knowing receipt constructive trusts, resulting trusts, charitable trusts, injunctions, equitable recission and forfeiture. All chapters have been fully revised, with significant new analysis in a range of chapters including those dealing with the relationship between common law and equity, fiduciary obligations and certainty rules for the creation of trusts.New case discussions in this edition include:Stack v Dowden (2007) (the House of Lords considering the presumptive application of resulting trusts in domestic de facto relationships);Trustees of the Property of Cummins (a bankrupt) v Cummins [2006] (the High Court considering the presumptive application of purchase money resulting trusts in a marriage relationship);Farah Constructions Pty Ltd v Say-Dee Pty Ltd (2007) (the High Court considering the scope and application of knowing receipt constructive trusts);Twinsectra v Yardley [2002] and Barlow Clowes International Ltd (in liq) v Eurotrust International [2006] 1 All ER 477 ( the House of Lords considering the dishonesty test relevant to knowing assistance constructive trusts) and Commissioner of Taxation v Word Investment Ltd [2006] (the Federal Court considering the scope of the charitable purpose test).This new edition remains an ideal book for undergraduate study, covering all aspects of equity and trusts jurisprudence in an accessible, comprehensive and up to date style.

As encruzilhadas da autogestão: imaginário e simbólico nas empresas assumidas por trabalhadores: uma análise de empreendimentos da economia solidária

Nesta pesquisa a economia solidária (ES) é o pano de fundo. O enfoque pretendido é uma aproximação pela perspectiva organizacional. O problema de pesquisa é definido pela ausência da questão organizacional, na construção teórica da ES. O objetivo do trabalho é compreender os fenômenos organizacionais gestados por trabalhadores, no âmbito da ES. A pesquisa está delimitada às empresas assumidas por trabalhadores (EAT), são empresas convencionais que entraram em processo de crise ou falência, sendo assumidas por ex-empregados. A questão de pesquisa recai sobre a maneira com que os trabalhadores reinventam a gestão dos empreendimentos assumidos, quais as transformações operadas e as mudanças realizadas nas práticas de gestão herdadas. O imaginário e o simbólico são as categorias analíticas utilizadas para acessar a realidade dessas organizações. Articuladas à aproximação pela ótica dos grupos minoritários permitem apreender a dinâmica das transformações gestadas, o sentido das novas práticas e mapear a trajetória percorrida pelo grupo de trabalhadores ao construí-las. Dois estudos de caso são utilizados para ilustrar a dinâmica dessas transformações.

A execução de créditos trabalhistas na falência: limites da competência da Justiça do Trabalho

Este trabalho trata dos limites da competência da Justiça do Trabalho para processar os créditos oriundos das reclamações trabalhistas em face da decretação de falência do devedor principal. Através da análise das disposições da Nova Lei de Recuperação de Empresas e Falência à luz da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil, serão demonstrados os motivos pelos quais o Juízo Trabalhista não é competente para executar créditos das empresas falidas ou mesmo daquelas que fazem parte do seu grupo econômico ou foram condenadas subsidiariamente nos processos de conhecimento. Os principais motivos dessa limitação são evitar a violação da igualdade de tratamento entre credores, bem como garantir a unicidade, universalidade e indivisibilidade da competência do juízo falimentar.

O desenvolvimento da análise financeira nos últimos anos

A Análise Financeira dos Índices tem sido usada largamente, desde o fim do século passado na avaliação das demonstrações financeiras; no entanto, encontrou-se desacreditada por volta dos anos 60. Assim, por essa época, Beaver; baseando-se na literatura existente, testa empiricamente muitas crenças tidas como verdadeiras e chega a resultados diferentes. Para isso, utilizou-se de metodologia estatística univariada, isto é, analisou cada índice isoladamente. Altman refuta a metodologia usada por Beaver e cria um modelo utilizando se da estatística multivariada, isto é, vários Índices são estudados, estabelecendo um score limite. Outros autores, baseando-se nestes dois estudos, ora criticando, ora comparando, montam outros modelos. Assim temos: Deakin, Blum, Libby, Kennedy, Kanitz, Zappa, Collongues, Conan, Holder, C.E.S.A. e outros que não foram mencionados neste trabalho. Este estudo mostrou o trabalho de cada autor individualmente e, num segundo momento, apresentou críticas e comparações sofridas por esses modelos, procurando evidenciar que essas críticas e comparações serviram para estimular o desenvolvimento da Análise Financeira, a tal ponto que pode-se citar Altman que, devido a críticas e também ao seu interesse em atualizar os dados, reformula o seu modelo original (1968), criando o modelo Zeta (1977). A segunda preocupação deste trabalho foi evidenciar alguns pontos que puderam ser colhidos do material disponível. Assim, procurou-se responder quais os Índices que mais foram usados pelos modelos e, como conclusão, chegou-se a evidência de que não existem alguns poucos índices que melhor discriminem uma empresa falida e não falida. Outra indagação foi, se esses modelos serviriam para todos os tipos e tamanhos de empresas, e concluiu-se que servem, desde que o analista os adapte às suas necessidades peculiares. E, por fim, procurou-se verificar a que finalidade esses modelos podiam corresponder. E, assim, apontou-se a análise de crédito comercial, para investimento, para decisões internas, para compra e venda de ações etc. Conclui-se, pois, que os vários modelos desenvolvidos nestes últimos anos, realmente trouxeram progresso à Análise Financeira, mas que esses resultados devem ser cuidadosa mente adaptados às diversas realidades e mais, dado ao desenvolvimento de outras ciências, podem somar-se esforços com intuito de alcançar um maior desenvolvimento.

Determinantes do prazo de exercício das opções de ações concedidas aos executivos como remuneração

Diante do aumento expressivo da outorga de opções de ações por parte das companhias como forma de remuneração e dos consequentes excessos, como por exemplo, executivos tendo exercido bônus milionários antes que suas companhias gerassem caixa ou mesmo em empresas que foram à falência, esta pesquisa buscou encontrar quais eram os principais determinantes do prazo de exercício das opções de compra. Por meio de uma regressão cross section, foram analisadas as características de 109 empresas listadas nos melhores níveis de governança e/ou nos maiores índices de ações do Brasil a fim de verificar quais delas influenciavam o prazo supramencionado. Os resultados encontrados não se mostraram estatisticamente relevantes, o que quer dizer que para efeito deste estudo os prazos definidos pelas empresas não guardam relação com àquelas variáveis e, portanto, com suas características intrínsecas. Logo, novas pesquisas devem abordar a definição de prazo junto aos consultores de remuneração e membros de Conselho de Administração.

A intervenção estatal no domínio econômico privado através da nova lei de recuperação de empresas e falências (lei 11.101/05)

Analysis of the elements of the Constitutional Order of the letter 1988 politics, with emphasis in the principles of this, a study on the intervention of the State in the private initiative by means of the Law of Recovery of Companies and Bankruptcies (law 11.101/05). New enterprise vision is admitted, over all in the interdependence between economic and social factors. Study on the globalization and the interdependence of economic and legal sciences in the construction of a legal optics in the search for the economic and social development, with the recognition of the interference of the Economy in the Right and its uneven importance. Still, we delineate the state intervention in the economic scope, of company and in the judicial recovery, as well as the consequences of such intervention in the involved credits in the judicial recovery and patrimony of the debtor in recovery. For such task, the elements of the Judicial Recovery, its principles and adequacy of these to the related ones in the chapter had been analyzed that turns on the national economic Order, describing the formal procedure for concession of the benefit of the Judicial Recovery and the principles in existing them. The forms of intervention of the State in the private economy were not disrespected, relating its direct and indirect performance as half of preservation of interests writings in the constitutional scope as public interest and preservation of the National economic Order. The regulating agencies as of direct state intervention were half not disrespected of the study for the relevance of the subject. It is revised national bibliography with incursions in French, Portuguese and North American comparative jurisprudence. One contributes in the aspect of the paper of the Judiciary Power in the protection of the companies in crisis and the social and economic impacts, over all in relation to the rights of the worked ones, credit and enterprise

The international competitiveness of the Costa Rican clothing industry

Includes bibliography

The dynamics of specialist development banking: the case of the agriculture development bank of Trinidad and Tobago

Includes bibliography

Para além dos Contos de Fadas: o ideal e o real no pensamento das mulheres sobre o casamento

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Securitization and Special Purpose Vehicles in an International Setting: a Systemic View

The present work tries to display a comprehensive and comparative study of the different legal and regulatory problems involved in international securitization transactions. First, an introduction to securitization is provided, with the basic elements of the transaction, followed by the different varieties of it, including dynamic securitization and synthetic securitization structures. Together with this introduction to the intricacies of the structure, a insight into the influence of securitization in the financial and economic crisis of 2007-2009 is provided too; as well as an overview of the process of regulatory competition and cooperation that constitutes the framework for the international aspects of securitization. The next Chapter focuses on the aspects that constitute the foundations of structured finance: the inception of the vehicle, and the transfer of risks associated to the securitized assets, with particular emphasis on the validity of those elements, and how a securitization transaction could be threatened at its root. In this sense, special importance is given to the validity of the trust as an instrument of finance, to the assignment of future receivables or receivables in block, and to the importance of formalities for the validity of corporations, trusts, assignments, etc., and the interaction of such formalities contained in general corporate, trust and assignment law with those contemplated under specific securitization regulations. Then, the next Chapter (III) focuses on creditor protection aspects. As such, we provide some insights on the debate on the capital structure of the firm, and its inadequacy to assess the financial soundness problems inherent to securitization. Then, we proceed to analyze the importance of rules on creditor protection in the context of securitization. The corollary is in the rules in case of insolvency. In this sense, we divide the cases where a party involved in the transaction goes bankrupt, from those where the transaction itself collapses. Finally, we focus on the scenario where a substance over form analysis may compromise some of the elements of the structure (notably the limited liability of the sponsor, and/or the transfer of assets) by means of veil piercing, substantive consolidation, or recharacterization theories. Once these elements have been covered, the next Chapters focus on the regulatory aspects involved in the transaction. Chapter IV is more referred to “market” regulations, i.e. those concerned with information disclosure and other rules (appointment of the indenture trustee, and elaboration of a rating by a rating agency) concerning the offering of asset-backed securities to the public. Chapter V, on the other hand, focuses on “prudential” regulation of the entity entrusted with securitizing assets (the so-called Special Purpose vehicle), and other entities involved in the process. Regarding the SPV, a reference is made to licensing requirements, restriction of activities and governance structures to prevent abuses. Regarding the sponsor of the transaction, a focus is made on provisions on sound originating practices, and the servicing function. Finally, we study accounting and banking regulations, including the Basel I and Basel II Frameworks, which determine the consolidation of the SPV, and the de-recognition of the securitized asset from the originating company’s balance-sheet, as well as the posterior treatment of those assets, in particular by banks. Chapters VI-IX are concerned with liability matters. Chapter VI is an introduction to the different sources of liability. Chapter VII focuses on the liability by the SPV and its management for the information supplied to investors, the management of the asset pool, and the breach of loyalty (or fiduciary) duties. Chapter VIII rather refers to the liability of the originator as a result of such information and statements, but also as a result of inadequate and reckless originating or servicing practices. Chapter IX finally focuses on third parties entrusted with the soundness of the transaction towards the market, the so-called gatekeepers. In this respect, we make special emphasis on the liability of indenture trustees, underwriters and rating agencies. Chapters X and XI focus on the international aspects of securitization. Chapter X contains a conflicts of laws analysis of the different aspects of structured finance. In this respect, a study is made of the laws applicable to the vehicle, to the transfer of risks (either by assignment or by means of derivatives contracts), to liability issues; and a study is also made of the competent jurisdiction (and applicable law) in bankruptcy cases; as well as in cases where a substance-over-form is performed. Then, special attention is also devoted to the role of financial and securities regulations; as well as to their territorial limits, and extraterritoriality problems involved. Chapter XI supplements the prior Chapter, for it analyzes the limits to the States’ exercise of regulatory power by the personal and “market” freedoms included in the US Constitution or the EU Treaties. A reference is also made to the (still insufficient) rules from the WTO Framework, and their significance to the States’ recognition and regulation of securitization transactions.

Jarrow-Yildirim model for inflation: theory and applications

This thesis deals with inflation theory, focussing on the model of Jarrow & Yildirim, which is nowadays used when pricing inflation derivatives. After recalling main results about short and forward interest rate models, the dynamics of the main components of the market are derived. Then the most important inflation-indexed derivatives are explained (zero coupon swap, year-on-year, cap and floor), and their pricing proceeding is shown step by step. Calibration is explained and performed with a common method and an heuristic and non standard one. The model is enriched with credit risk, too, which allows to take into account the possibility of bankrupt of the counterparty of a contract. In this context, the general method of pricing is derived, with the introduction of defaultable zero-coupon bonds, and the Monte Carlo method is treated in detailed and used to price a concrete example of contract. Appendixes: A: martingale measures, Girsanov's theorem and the change of numeraire. B: some aspects of the theory of Stochastic Differential Equations; in particular, the solution for linear EDSs, and the Feynman-Kac Theorem, which shows the connection between EDSs and Partial Differential Equations. C: some useful results about normal distribution.

La administración concursal como sujeto del proceso jurisdiccional español. Su posición en la determinación del patrimonio concursal

Desde tiempos inmemoriales, la presencia de sujetos encargados de la administración del patrimonio del concursado ha sido consustancial a la existencia de procesos en los que se declaraba la insolvencia del deudor. Tradicionalmente, estos sujetos ostentaban un papel de singular alcance para el correcto desarrollo del concurso. En la actualidad se erigen en el motor del concurso. El vasto cometido atribuido a la administración concursal nos obliga a restringir nuestra investigación. En particular, centraremos nuestra atención en la posición jurídico procesal de la administración concursal en aquellas actuaciones que desarrolla ésta a la hora de determinar el patrimonio concursal. Para ello, partiendo de las líneas generales que a través de la historia han definido a los órganos de administración concursal, analizaremos el régimen jurídico de la actual administración concursal en España. A continuación, estudiaremos la naturaleza jurídica de la limitación a las facultades patrimoniales que sufre el deudor con la declaración de concurso y el reconocimiento que, como parte procesal, le atribuye la Ley de Enjuiciamiento Civil al patrimonio concursal. Todo ello, nos permitirá pronunciarnos sobre la referida posición de la administración concursal, como parte o como representante. Tras lo descrito, nos ocuparemos de determinar la posición que ocupa la administración concursal en aquellos procesos que ya estuvieran pendientes en el momento de la declaración de concurso y aquellos otros procesos nuevos que inicia aquella por su propia iniciativa. Por último, analizaremos la descrita posición procesal en el ejercicio de acciones de reintegración y demás de impugnación así como en aquellos supuestos en los que se impugna el inventario o la lista de acreedores.

Challenges of the Cooperative Movement In Addressing Issues of Human Security In the Context of a Neoliberal World: the Case of Argentina

The response of some Argentine workers to the 2001 crisis of neoliberalism gave rise to a movement of worker-recovered enterprises (empresas recuperadas por sus trabajadores or ERTs). The ERTs have emerged as former employees took over the control of generally fraudulently bankrupt factories and enterprises. The analysis of the ERT movement within the neoliberal global capitalist order will draw from William Robinson’s (2004) neo-Gramscian concept of hegemony. The theoretical framework of neo-Gramscian hegemony will be used in exposing the contradictions of capitalism on the global, national, organizational and individual scales and the effects they have on the ERT movement. The ERT movement has demonstrated strong level of resilience, despite the numerous economic, social, political and cultural challenges and limitations it faces as a consequence of the implementation of neoliberalism globally. ERTs have shown that through non-violent protests, democratic principles of management and social inclusion, it is possible to start constructing an alternative social order that is based on the cooperative principles of “honesty, openness, social responsibility and caring for others” (ICA 2007) as opposed to secrecy, exclusiveness, individualism and self-interestedness. In order to meet this “utopian” vision, it is essential to push the limits of the possible within the current social order and broaden the alliance to include the organized members of the working class, such as the members of trade unions, and the unorganized, such as the unemployed and underemployed. Though marginal in number and size, the members of ERTs have given rise to a model that is worth exploring in other countries and regions burdened by the contradictory workings of capitalism. Today, ERTs serve as living proofs that workers too are capable of successfully running businesses, not capitalists alone.

Corporate bankruptcy and managers' self-serving behavior

We investigate whether insiders of bankrupt firms hold less stock or reduce their stockholdings compared to what we observed for insiders of similar firms that do not go bankrupt. We find little evidence of such time-series and cross-sectional differences in spite of the fact that the stock value of bankrupt firms falls by more than ninety percent in the five years preceding bankruptcy. One implication of our results is that the amount of stock owned and the magnitude of the trades undertaken by corporate insiders of both bankrupt and nonbankrupt firms appear to provide no information about firm value.