Distinct Actions and Cooperative Roles of ROCK and mDia in Rho Small G Protein-induced Reorganization of the Actin Cytoskeleton in Madin–Darby Canine Kidney Cells

Rho, a member of the Rho small G protein family, regulates the formation of stress fibers and focal adhesions in various types of cultured cells. We investigated here the actions of ROCK and mDia, both of which have been identified to be putative downstream target molecules of Rho, in Madin–Darby canine kidney cells. The dominant active mutant of RhoA induced the formation of parallel stress fibers and focal adhesions, whereas the dominant active mutant of ROCK induced the formation of stellate stress fibers and focal adhesions, and the dominant active mutant of mDia induced the weak formation of parallel stress fibers without affecting the formation of focal adhesions. In the presence of C3 ADP-ribosyltransferase for Rho, the dominant active mutant of ROCK induced the formation of stellate stress fibers and focal adhesions, whereas the dominant active mutant of mDia induced only the diffuse localization of actin filaments. These results indicate that ROCK and mDia show distinct actions in reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. The dominant negative mutant of either ROCK or mDia inhibited the formation of stress fibers and focal adhesions, indicating that both ROCK and mDia are necessary for the formation of stress fibers and focal adhesions. Moreover, inactivation and reactivation of both ROCK and mDia were necessary for the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate–induced disassembly and reassembly, respectively, of stress fibers and focal adhesions. The morphologies of stress fibers and focal adhesions in the cells expressing both the dominant active mutants of ROCK and mDia were not identical to those induced by the dominant active mutant of Rho. These results indicate that at least ROCK and mDia cooperatively act as downstream target molecules of Rho in the Rho-induced reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton.

Who performs a stronger response to whom? Detecting individual competitive actions and reactions

This study analyzes the degree of competition through individual actions and reactions. Empirical support for this analysis has derived mainly from structural econometric models describing the nature of competition. This analysis extends the existing literature by empirically considering a direct measurement of competition through the analysis of the competitive actions and responses, and describing how firms compete within and between strategic groups. We estimate the firms’ conduct in the Spanish deposits market with 146 firms and 18,888 observations. This is a specially compelling context for the banking industry, in which a deregulation process gives rise to the adoption of aggressive strategies seeking to increase the market shares of deposit accounts; thus, producing a turbulent situation of increasing rivalry. Our results offer a deeper understanding of the firms’ competitive behavior, since we identify different patterns of actions and reactions depending upon the strategic group the firm belongs to.

Actions and reactions /

An habitation enforced -- The recall -- Garm, a hostage -- The power of the dog -- The mother hive -- The bees and the flies --With the night mail -- The four angels -- A deal in cotton -- The new knighthood -- The puzzler -- Little foxes -- Gallio's song -- The house surgeon -- The rabbi's song.

The practice in civil actions and proceedings at law, in the courts where the common law practice is in vogue; with the amendments thereto necessary to incorporate the provisions of the statutes of Maine.

Spine title: Spaulding's practice.

Identification of unsafe driving actions and related countermeasures. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Office of Driver and Pedestrian Research, Washington, D.C.

Actions and reactions,

An habitation enforced.--The recall.--Garm--a hostage.--The power of the dog.--The mother hive.--The bees and the flies.--With the night mail.--The four angels.--A deal in cotton.--The new knighthood.--The puzzler.--The puzzler.--Little foxes.--Gallio's song.--The house surgeon.--The rabbi's song.

An action at law : being an outline of the jurisdiction of the superior courts of common law, with an elementary view of the proceedings in personal actions and in ejectment /

Bound with Dearslys̕ On criminal process.

A treatise upon some of the general principles of the law : whether of a legal, or of an equitable nature : including their relations and application to actions and defenses in general : whether in courts of common law, or courts of equity : and equally adapted to courts governed by codes /

Mode of access: Internet.

Veterinary medicines; their actions and uses,

Mode of access: Internet.

The noble and renowned history of Guy, earl of Warwick; containing a full and true account of his many famous and valiant actions, and renowned victories.

Mode of access: Internet.

Estee's Pleadings, practice, and forms : adapted to actions and special proceedings under codes of civil procedure /

First edition has title: Practice, pleading and forms...

Cases and other materials on judicial remedies, from the forms of actions and the classical equity practice to the Federal rules of civil procedure,

"Tables of cases": p. 1295-1301. "Table of statutes, constitutional provisions and rules of court": p. 1303-1309