Structures of Cage, Prism, and Book Isomers of Water Hexamer from Broadband Rotational Spectroscopy

Theory predicts the water hexamer to be the smallest water cluster with a three-dimensional hydrogen-bonding network as its minimum energy structure. There are several possible low-energy isomers, and calculations with different methods and basis sets assign them different relative stabilities. Previous experimental work has provided evidence for the cage, book, and cyclic isomers, but no experiment has identified multiple coexisting structures. Here, we report that broadband rotational spectroscopy in a pulsed supersonic expansion unambiguously identifies all three isomers; we determined their oxygen framework structures by means of oxygen-18–substituted water (H218O). Relative isomer populations at different expansion conditions establish that the cage isomer is the minimum energy structure. Rotational spectra consistent with predicted heptamer and nonamer structures have also been identified.

Broadband Fourier transform rotational spectroscopy for structure determination: The water heptamer

Over the recent years chirped-pulse, Fourier-transform microwave (CP-FTMW) spectrometers have chan- ged the scope of rotational spectroscopy. The broad frequency and large dynamic range make possible structural determinations in molecular systems of increasingly larger size from measurements of heavy atom (13C, 15N, 18O) isotopes recorded in natural abundance in the same spectrum as that of the parent isotopic species. The design of a broadband spectrometer operating in the 2–8 GHz frequency range with further improvements in sensitivity is presented. The current CP-FTMW spectrometer performance is benchmarked in the analyses of the rotational spectrum of the water heptamer, (H2O)7, in both 2– 8 GHz and 6–18 GHz frequency ranges. Two isomers of the water heptamer have been observed in a pulsed supersonic molecular expansion. High level ab initio structural searches were performed to pro- vide plausible low-energy candidates which were directly compared with accurate structures provided from broadband rotational spectra. The full substitution structure of the most stable species has been obtained through the analysis of all possible singly-substituted isotopologues (H218O and HDO), and a least-squares rm(1) geometry of the oxygen framework determined from 16 different isotopic species compares with the calculated O–O equilibrium distances at the 0.01 Å level.

Broadband Fourier transform rotational spectroscopy for structure determination: The water heptamer

Over the recent years chirped-pulse, Fourier-transform microwave (CP-FTMW) spectrometers have changed the scope of rotational spectroscopy. The broad frequency and large dynamic range make possible structural determinations in molecular systems of increasingly larger size from measurements of heavy atom (C-13, N-15, O-18) isotopes recorded in natural abundance in the same spectrum as that of the parent isotopic species. The design of a broadband spectrometer operating in the 2-8 GHz frequency range with further improvements in sensitivity is presented. The current CP-FTMW spectrometer performance is benchmarked in the analyses of the rotational spectrum of the water heptamer, (H2O)(7), in both 2-8 GHz and 6-18 GHz frequency ranges. Two isomers of the water heptamer have been observed in a pulsed supersonic molecular expansion. High level ab initio structural searches were performed to provide plausible low-energy candidates which were directly compared with accurate structures provided from broadband rotational spectra. The full substitution structure of the most stable species has been obtained through the analysis of all possible singly-substituted isotopologues ((H2O)-O-18 and HDO), and a least-squares r(m)((1)) geometry of the oxygen framework determined from 16 different isotopic species compares with the calculated O-O equilibrium distances at the 0.01 angstrom level. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Struny : antolʹogija ukrainsʹkoi poezii ; vid najdavniščych do nynišnych časiv ; dlja vžytku školy j chaty

vlaštuvav Bohdan Lepkyj

Wir, Ferdinand der Erste, von Gottes Gnaden Kaiser von Oesterreich ...: um unseren getreuen Unterthanen einen weiteren Beweis unseres Vertrauens zu geben ...

Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Amnestie für die aus politischen Gründen Inhaftierten und Verurteilten aus den Königreichen Galizien und Lodomerien sowie Lombardei-Venetien

Performance of undergraduate dental students on ICDAS clinical caries detection after different learning strategies

AIM This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a digital learning tool on undergraduate dental students' performance in detecting dental caries using ICDAS. METHODS An experimental digital learning tool (DLT) was created using digital photographs of sound and carious teeth. Thirty-nine students were divided into three groups (n = 13) and each assessed 12 randomly allocated patients before and after learning strategies: G1, ICDAS e-learning program; G2, ICDAS e-learning program plus DLT; G3, no learning strategy. Students (n = 32) reassessed patients 2 weeks after training. RESULTS Comparing before and after the learning strategies, any difference in the values of specificity and area under the ROC curve for all groups was found. Sensitivity was statistically significantly higher for G1 and G2. Comparing the groups, G2 showed a significant increase in sensitivity at the D2 and D3 thresholds. Spearman's correlations with the gold standard before and after the learning strategy were 0.60 and 0.61 for G1, 0.57 and 0.63 for G2, and 0.54 and 0.54 for G3, respectively. The Wilcoxon test showed a statistically significant difference between the values obtained before and after learning strategies for G1 and G2. CONCLUSIONS Use of the DLT after the ICDAS e-learning program tended to increase the sensitivity of ICDAS used by undergraduate dental students. The DLT appeared to improve dental students' ability to use ICDAS.

Ostrorog, jetzt Scharfenort, Exttract des Stadt Privilegii, die Toleration der Juden betreffend 1701

Alexander zu Otole Zaleski

Jawen Mezula : Schilderung des polnisch-kosakischen Krieges und der Leiden der Juden in Polen während der Jahre 1648 - 1653; Bericht eines Zeitgenossen

[Nathan Neta Hannover]. Nach einer von J. Lelewel durchges. franz. Übers. hrsg. von I. J. Benjamin

The association between mental health and hypertension in the 2005 Department of Defense Population Survey

Major objectives within Healthy People 2010 include improving hypertension and mental health management of the American population. Both mental health issues and hypertension exist in the military which may decrease the health status of military personnel and diminish the ability to complete assigned missions. Some cases may be incompatible with military service even with optimum treatment. In the interest of maintaining a fit fighting force, the Department of Defense regularly conducts a survey of health related behaviors among active duty military personnel. The 2005 DoD Survey was conducted to obtain information regarding health and behavioral readiness among active duty military personnel to assess progress toward selected Healthy People 2010 objectives. ^ This study is a cross-sectional prevalence design looking at the association of hypertension treatment with mental health issues (either treatment or perceived need for treatment) within the military population sampled in the 2005 DoD Survey. There were 16,946 military personnel in the final cross-sectional sample representing 1.3 million active duty service members. The question is whether there is a significant association between the self-reported occurrence of hypertension and the self-reported occurrence of mental health issues in the 2005 DoD Survey. In addition to these variables, this survey examined the contribution of various sociodemographic, occupational, and behavioral covariates. An analysis of the demographic composition of the study variables was followed by logistic analysis, comparing outcome variables with each of the independent variables. Following univariate regression analysis, multivariate regression was performed with adjustment (for those variables with an unadjusted alpha level less than or equal to 0.25). ^ All the mental health related indicators were associated with hypertension treatment. The same relationship was maintained after multivariate adjustment. The covariates remaining as significant (p < 0.05) in the final model included gender, age, race/ethnicity and obesity. There is a need to recognize and treat co-morbid medical diagnoses among mental health patients and to improve quality of life outcomes, whether in the military population or the general population. Optimum health of the individual can be facilitated through discovery of treatable cases, to minimize disruptions of military missions, and even allow for continued military service. ^

The PDB data uniformity project

The Protein Data Bank (PDB; http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/) is the single worldwide archive of structural data of biological macromolecules. This paper describes the data uniformity project that is underway to address the inconsistency in PDB data.

Revisão de métodos espectrofotométricos e cromatográficos aplicáveis na análise de nutrientes presentes em soluções hidropônicas

As técnicas de cultivo sem solo representam novas alternativas para a produção de alimentos. Dentre estas, a hidroponia tem crescido muito ultimamente devido ao fato de, principalmente, apresentar altas produtividades, além de inúmeras vantagens em relação ao cultivo em solo. Entretanto, alguns pontos específicos no processo podem ser considerados questionáveis. Problemas relacionados ao manejo da solução nutritiva, em muitos casos, podem gerar tanto problemas produtivos como ambientais. Dessa forma o entendimento da marcha de nutrientes da solução nutritiva se torna imprescindível no sentido de minimizar tais problemas. Baseado nestas considerações, o presente trabalho teve como objetivos: a realização de revisões bibliográficas dos principais métodos de análise dos nutrientes presentes em soluções hidropônicas; a descrição e proposição de utilização dos métodos de espectrofotometria colorimétrica, de absorção e emissão atômica para análise da solução; a realização de revisões bibliográficas de trabalhos, realizados por diversos autores, relacionados às análises de soluções hidropônicas; a discussão dos problemas ambientais que esta atividade pode causar. Os principais métodos considerados foram: espectrofotometria colorimétrica, espectrofotometria de absorção e emissão atômica, cromatografia iônica e eletroforese capilar. Através da revisão dos estudos realizados com soluções hidropônicas, pôde-se observar uma predominância na utilização das técnicas relacionadas acima, para a análise dos nutrientes. O manejo da solução hidropônica pode levar à ocorrência de certos problemas. Os descartes sucessivos das soluções nas áreas adjacentes à produção acarretam em desperdício de água e fertilizantes, e causam a salinização dos solos. Neste processo o solo torna-se estéril e assim, inapropriados para o cultivo. Desta forma, a proposta final deste trabalho é propiciar uma base teórica inicial para que futuros estudos possam ser direcionados ao desenvolvimento de novas técnicas de análise em campo que produzam resultados confiáveis, e desta forma colaborarem com a minimização dos problemas relacionados à produção e ao meio ambiente.

Wet weather exposure measures. Final report.

Federal Highway Administration, Office of Engineering and Highway Operations Research and Development, McLean, Va.

Bogdan Khmelʹnit͡s︡kīĭ.

v. 2, izd. 3-e, ispr. i dop.; v. 3, izd. 4-e ispr. i dop.