O trabalho docente na rede pública do estado de São Paulo: apontamentos iniciais para a discussão da jornada de trabalho

The changes in the world of work that, in turn, directly affect the teaching work, have expanded the processes of precariousness and intensification, contributing for deteriorating conditions which teachers use to labor. Considering that the time designated for teaching activities is an important part of work conditions, we look for, in this article, to analyze the work shift of teachers in São Paulo state educational public system. Regarding that teachers are a very heterogeneous group, we have chosen to discuss the workday those professionals who dedicate themselves in the last years of elementary and high school. Through a literature review and a research about the legislation related to the topic, in Brazil and São Paulo state, we have highlighted that the teachers’ work shifts should include not only the time for classroom activities, but also for other extra activities. Moreover, we emphasize that the state of São Paulo government has promoted, since 2012, a reformulation of the teachers’ work shift that has not properly include the appropriate length of time for extra educational activities, contrasting the parameters founded in the national legislation. Besides the legal non-compliance, that fact has accentuated the process of intensification of teaching work, contributing for the embrittlement of the collective activities.

Síndrome de burnout em dentistas do serviço público

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Sintomas nasais, parâmetros hemodinâmicos e perfil inflamatório nasal e sistêmico de cortadores de cana-de-açúcar expostos à queima de biomassa

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A influência da escola de tempo integral sobre a qualidade de vida infantil

This study aims to evaluate the quality of life of students aged 7 to 12 years in two municipal schools in the municipality of Minas Gerais. One offers full-time care to their students with extracurricular activities and other school offers only the normal. We used the questionnaire AUQEI, Autoquestionnaire Qualité de Vie Enfant Image. The questionnaire was administered to 232 children. Through this study, we observed that the proportion of children with a good Quality of Life was higher in school full time (81%), compared to the normal school hours (58%). Therefore, it is concluded that the school offers an extended workday, is set in an area rich able to develop the maximum potential of children and their personal skills, which will reflect positively on their quality of life.

Análise de oportunidades de poligeração em edificações e cidades

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Avaliação dos níveis de vibração no operador de um trator agrícola ensaiado em pista normatizada em diferentes velocidades de deslocamento

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Avaliação dos níveis de vibração no operador de um trator agrícola ensaiado em pista normatizada em diferentes velocidades de deslocamento

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Daily rhythm of salivary IL-1 beta, cortisol and melatonin in day and night workers

Shiftwork-induced sleep deprivation and circadian disruption probably leads to an increase in the production of cytokines and dysregulation of innate immune system, respectively. This project aims evaluating changes in salivary IL-1 beta, cortisol, and melatonin in night workers. Method. Two day and three night healthy workers participated in this study. Sleep was evaluated by actimetry and activity protocols. Saliva was collected at waking and bedtime the last workday and the following two days-off and was analyzed by ELISA. Results. Neither sleep duration nor efficiency showed any association with salivary IL-1beta. IL-1beta levels were higher at waking than at bedtime during working days for all workers, but only one day and one night-worker maintained this pattern and hormone rhythms during days off. For this night worker, melatonin levels were shifted to daytime. A second one presented clear alterations in IL-1beta and hormone rhythms on days-off. Conclusions. Our preliminary results suggest that night work can disturb the variation pattern of salivary IL-1beta. No association of this variation with sleep was observed. It seems that disruption in hormone rhythms interfere with salivary IL-1beta production. IL-1beta production pattern seems to be maintained when rhythms are present, in spite of a shift in melatonin secretion.

Study of postures in sugarcane cutters in the Pontal of Paranapanema-SP, Brazil

The expansion of sugarcane monoculture in Brazil in the last decades has pointed out to the necessity of considering the question of sugarcane cutters occupational health. In this work we present a cross-sectional study aiming to examine the occupational posture of a group of sugarcane cutters, which work in a cane field located in the region of Pontal do Paranapanema-SP, Brazil. The study was made using the Ergonomic Analysis of Work - EAW methodology and the postural analysis method by Win-OWAS. Through the obtained records of postures, it was observed that during a workday the sugarcane cutters remain standing erect on two legs or in one leg 66% of the time and that their trunk remain tilted and in rotation, according to 63% of the positions categorized. It was also observed that the sugarcane cutter trunk performs repetitive and boundless movements during his routine of work, which can expose this individual to additional wear of their musculoskeletal functions. The activities in which the individual engages have favorable or adverse influence on his posture. The repetitive movements involved in specialized occupations are equivalent to repeated exercises, thus may be responsible for the excessive development of certain muscle groups. The study suggests that the postures adopted by sugarcane cutters can overload their musculoskeletal system and predispose the cutters to work-related musculoskeletal diseases.

Work of gravediggers and health

Gravediggers have death as object of their work. Their activities are painful, physically and mental demanding, as well as unhealthy. Literature is scarce about this theme. The aim of this study is to evaluate gravediggers' work activities and health consequences. The methodological frame which guided this study was Dejours' psychic suffering and its association with the psychodynamic aspects of work. Data collection took place in April-May 2011 in one public and one private cemetery of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Four male workers, aged between 45 to 60 years old were interviewed. Their work activities were observed during a workday. Participants reported their life dreams, defense mechanisms and frustration. The discourse of gravediggers showed serious problems associated to physical and mental demands, public invisibility and/or social devaluation of work. The most important physical symptom was body pain. In spite this is a preliminary study, it was possible to raise a number of work stressors and health outcomes of gravediggers, an " invisible" worker of our society.

A daily perspective on work interruptions

Diese Dissertation basiert auf einem theoretischen Artikel und zwei empirischen Studien.rnrnDer theoretische Artikel: Es wird ein theoretisches Rahmenmodell postuliert, welches die Kumulierung von Arbeitsunterbrechung und deren Effekte untersucht. Die meisten bisherigen Studien haben Unterbrechungen als isoliertes Phänomen betrachtet und dabei unberücksichtigt gelassen, dass während eines typischen Arbeitstages mehrere Unterbrechungen gleichzeitig (oder aufeinanderfolgend) auftreten. In der vorliegenden Dissertation wird diese Lücke gefüllt, indem der Prozess der kumulierenden Unterbrechungen untersucht wird. Es wird beschrieben,rninwieweit die Kumulation von Unterbrechungen zu einer neuen Qualität vonrn(negativen) Effekten führt. Das Zusammenspiel und die gegenseitige Verstärkung einzelner Effekte werden dargestellt und moderierende und mediierende Faktoren aufgezeigt. Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, eine Verbindung zwischen kurzfristigen Effekten einzelner Unterbrechungen und Gesundheitsbeeinträchtigungen durch die Arbeitsbedingung ‚Unterbrechungen‘rnherzustellen.rnrnStudie 1: In dieser Studie wurde untersucht, inwieweit Unterbrechungen Leistung und Wohlbefinden einer Person innerhalb eines Arbeitstages beeinflussen. Es wurde postuliert, dass das Auftreten von Unterbrechungen die Zufriedenheit mit der eigenen Leistung vermindert und das Vergessen von Intentionen und das Irritationserleben verstärkt. Geistige Anforderung und Zeitdruck galten hierbei als Mediatoren. Um dies zu testen, wurden 133 Pflegekräften über 5 Tage hinweg mittels Smartphones befragt. Mehrebenenanalysen konnten die Haupteffekte bestätigen. Die vermuteten Mediationseffekte wurden für Irritation und (teilweise) für Zufriedenheit mit der Leistung bestätigt, nicht jedoch für Vergessen von Intentionen. Unterbrechungen führen demzufolge (u.a.) zu negativen Effekten, da sie kognitiv anspruchsvoll sind und Zeit beanspruchen.rnrnStudie 2: In dieser Studie wurden Zusammenhänge zwischen kognitiven Stressorenrn(Arbeitsunterbrechungen und Multitasking) und Beanspruchungsfolgen (Stimmung und Irritation) innerhalb eines Arbeitstages gemessen. Es wurde angenommen, dass diese Zusammenhänge durch chronologisches Alter und Indikatoren funktionalen Alters (Arbeitsgedächtniskapazität und Aufmerksamkeit) moderiert wird. Ältere mit schlechteren Aufmerksamkeitsund Arbeitsgedächtnisleistungen sollten am stärksten durch die untersuchten Stressoren beeinträchtigt werden. Es wurde eine Tagebuchstudie (siehe Studie 1) und computergestützternkognitive Leistungstests durchgeführt. Mehrebenenanalysen konnten die Haupteffekte für die abhängigen Variablen Stimmung (Valenz und Wachheit) und Irritation bestätigen, nicht jedoch für Erregung (Stimmung). Dreifachinteraktionen wurden nicht in der postulierten Richtung gefunden. Jüngere, nicht Ältere profitierten von einem hohen basalen kognitivenrnLeistungsvermögen. Ältere scheinen Copingstrategien zu besitzen, die mögliche kognitive Verluste ausgleichen. rnrnIm Allgemeinen konnten die (getesteten) Annahmen des theoretischen Rahmenmodellsrnbestätigt werden. Prinzipiell scheint es möglich, Ergebnisse der Laborforschung auf die Feldforschung zu übertragen, jedoch ist es notwendig die Besonderheiten des Feldes zu berücksichtigen. Die postulieren Mediationseffekte (Studie 1) wurden (teilweise) bestätigt. Die Ergebnisse weisen jedoch darauf hin, dass der volle Arbeitstag untersucht werden muss und dass sehr spezifische abhängige Variablen auch spezifischere Mediatoren benötigen. Des Weiteren konnte in Studie 2 bestätigt werden, dass die kognitive Kapazität eine bedeutsamernRessource im Umgang mit Unterbrechungen ist, im Arbeitskontext jedoch auch andere Ressourcen wirken.

Energy expenditure, body-part discomfort and mental work load among nurses

The purpose of this prospective observational field study was to present a model for measuring energy expenditure among nurses and to determine if there was a difference between the energy expenditure of nurses providing direct care to adult patients on general medical-surgical units in two major metropolitan hospitals and a recommended energy expenditure of 3.0 kcal/minute over 8 hours. One-third of the predicted cycle ergometer VO2max for the study population was used to calculate the recommended energy expenditure.^ Two methods were used to measure energy expenditure among participants during an 8 hour day shift. First, the Energy Expenditure Prediction Program (EEPP) developed by the University of Michigan Center for Ergonomics was used to calculate energy expenditure using activity recordings from observation (OEE; n = 39). The second method used ambulatory electrocardiography and the heart rate-oxygen consumption relationship (HREE; n = 20) to measure energy expenditure. It was concluded that energy expenditure among nurses can be estimated using the EEPP. Using classification systems from previous research, work load among the study population was categorized as "moderate" but was significantly less than (p = 0.021) 3.0 kcal/minute over 8 hours or 1/3 of the predicted VO2max.^ In addition, the relationships between OEE, body-part discomfort (BPCDS) and mental work load (MWI) were evaluated. The relationships between OEE/BPCDS and OEE/MWI were not significant (p = 0.062 and 0.091, respectively). Among the study population, body-part discomfort significantly increased for upper arms, mid-back, lower-back, legs and feet by mid-shift and by the end of the shift, the increase was also significant for neck and thighs.^ The study also provided documentation of a comprehensive list of nursing activities. Among the most important findings were the facts that the study population spent 23% of the workday in a bent posture, walked an average of 3.14 miles, and spent two-thirds of the shift doing activities other than direct patient care, such as paperwork and communicating with other departments. A discussion is provided regarding the ergonomic implications of these findings. ^

Time spent with children and working parents' willingness to medicate ADHD-like behaviors

ADHD, which refers to one of the most common behavioral problems among children, is subject to controversial arguments surrounding its nature and its primary treatment with psychiatric medications. At the heart of the problem are parents, whose responsibility includes providing pivotal information to clinicians for the diagnosis and deciding whether their children will receive medications. This study investigates the relationship between working parents' willingness to medicate ADHD-like behaviors and the time they are able to spend with their children during a regular workday. The importance of time spent with children derives from the observation that it is likely to influence not only parents' judgments of their children's behaviors but the behaviors themselves. The relationship was investigated using a subsample of 551 working parents (452 parents reporting no child with problems and 99 parents reporting child with problems) drawn from a population-based telephone survey of parents in the Miami-Dade and Broward counties of Florida. A series of path analyses, controlling for selected socio-demographic and family variables, showed that spending more time with their children during a regular workday was significantly related to being less willing to medicate ADHD-like behaviors. The association was stronger for parents reporting having a child with emotional and behavioral problems (β = −.20) and faint for other parents (β = −.06). The interpretation of the study findings emphasizes the vagueness surrounding the nature of ADHD and the events and procedures leading to the diagnosing of a child, as well as the delicate situations in which parents find themselves.

A organização do processo de projeto de arquitetura no meio profissional: uma análise da produção em escritórios

This paper examines, through case studies, the organization of the production process of architectural projects in architecture offices in the city of Natal, specifically in relation to building projects. The specifics of the design process in architecture, the production of the project in a professional field in Natal, are studied in light of theories of design and its production process. The survey, in its different phases, was conducted between March 2010 and September 2012 and aimed to identify, understand, and analyze comparatively, by mapping the design process, the organization of production of building projects in two offices in Natal, checking as well the relationships of their agents during the process. The project was based on desk research and exploration, adopting, for both, data collection tools such as forms, questionnaires, and interviews. With the specific aim of mapping the design process, we adopted a technique that allows obtaining the information directly from employee agents involved in the production process. The technique consisted of registering information by completing daily, during or at the end of the workday, an individual virtual agenda, in which all agent collaborators described the tasks performed. The data collected allowed for the identification of the organizational structure of the office, its hierarchy, the responsibilities of agents, as well as the tasks performed by them during the two months of monitoring at each office. The research findings were based on analyses of data collected in the two offices and on comparative studies between the results of these analyses. The end result was a diagnostic evaluation that considered the level of organization and elaborated this perspective, as well as proposed solutions aimed at improving both the organization of the process and the relationships between the agents under the lens analyzed

Os sentidos do trabalho na tutoria a distância: buscando compreensões à luz da educação ambiental

A presente pesquisa está vinculada à linha Educação Ambiental: Ensino e Formação de Educadores(as) (EAEFE), do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Ambiental - PPGEA/FURG. O estudo foi realizado com cinco tutoras a distância que atuaram no curso de Especialização em Educação de Jovens e Adultos na Diversidade, oferecido na modalidade a distância pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, a partir do Programa Universidade Aberta do Brasil, entre os anos de 2010 e 2012. A pesquisa buscou compreender que sentidos atribuem ao trabalho de tutoria, realizado no referido curso de especialização, os tutores a distância que dele fizeram parte. Assim, justifica-se por propor debate acerca da situação a que estão sujeitos esses profissionais, estando inseridos em um contexto de exploração, terceirização e prestação de serviços em educação, visto que a Educação a Distância, que não é institucionalizada, contribui para a manutenção do Sistema Capitalista, reproduzindo a precarização do trabalho docente. Este estudo caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa qualitativa, sendo os dados produzidos por meio de diálogo dirigido com questões que versavam a respeito das experiências das tutoras com a Tutoria a Distância. Para realizar a análise dos dados coletados, foi utilizada a Análise Textual Discursiva (ATD) (Moraes e Galiazzi, 2007), metodologia que possibilitou a compreensão dos discursos dos sujeitos. Os diálogos traçados entre os relatos das tutoras e teóricos como Antunes (2009), Mattar (2012), Loureiro (2004), entre outros, possibilitaram a construção de compreensões sobre o trabalho dos tutores no contexto do Modo de Produção Capitalista, vinculando, assim, a pesquisa ao campo de discussões da Educação Ambiental. Neste estudo, três categorias emergiram do processo de análise, denominadas: Tutoria a distância - questões que influenciam as condições de trabalho; Os sentidos do tempo na Tutoria a Distância - limites do tempo dentro e fora do trabalho; Tutoria a distância e o relacionamento com os estudantes - desafios do trabalho e da aprendizagem na EaD. Nesse sentido, foram tecidas reflexões sobre o trabalho na sociedade capitalista a partir da teoria marxista e suas relações com a organização da Educação a Distância, pensando na posição que ela assume no cenário educacional brasileiro e considerando as implicações do modo de produção capitalista na organização do trabalho da tutoria em EaD. Nas três categorias, os sujeitos elencaram desafios, dificuldades e as satisfações relacionadas com as experiências vivenciadas na tutoria a distância. Os resultados mostraram que os sujeitos da pesquisa consideram-se pertencentes ao processo de aprendizagem, desempenhando ações educativas que as caracterizam como professoras, pois como tutoras desempenham funções docentes no processo de formação dos educandos. Também fica evidente que as tutoras não identificam o trabalho na tutoria como um trabalho precarizado, embora essa atividade esteja constituída na lógica de exploração e terceirização da mão de obra trabalhadora. Além disso, houve a confirmação de que a realização das atividades de tutoria intensifica a jornada de trabalho e de que ele é organizado em cima do tempo livre das tutoras.