The effect of noise on the voice of preschool institution educators

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between noise levels present in preschool institutions and vocal disorders among educators. METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted in 2009 with 28 teachers from three preschool institutions located in the city of Sao Paulo (Southeastern Brazil). Sound pressure levels were measured according to Brazilian Technical Standards Association, with the use of a sound level meter. The averages were classified according to the levels of comfort, discomfort, and auditory damage proposed by the Pan American Health Organization. The educators underwent voice evaluation: self-assessment with visual analogue scale, auditory perceptual evaluation using the GRBAS scale, and acoustic analysis utilizing the Praat program. To analyze the association between noise and voice evaluation, descriptive statistics and the chi-square test were employed, with significance of 10% due to sample size. RESULTS: The teachers' age ranged between 21 and 56 years. The noise average was 72.7 dB, considered as damage 2. The professionals' vocal self-assessment ranked an average of 5.1 on the scale, being considered as moderate alteration. In the auditory-perceptual assessment, 74% presented vocal alteration, especially hoarseness; of these, 52% were considered mild alterations. In the acoustic assessment the majority presented fundamental frequency below the expected level. Averages for jitter, shimmer and harmonic-noise ratio showed alterations. An association between the presence of noise between the harmonics and vocal disorders was observed. CONCLUSIONS: There is an association between presence of noise between the harmonics and vocal alteration, with high noise levels. Although most teachers presented mild voice alteration, the self-evaluation showed moderate alteration, probably due to the difficulty in projection.

Roméo et Juliette: opéra en 5 actes

de J. Barbier et M. Carré ; musique de Ch. Gounod ; partition chant et piano arrangée par H. Salomon.

Fosca: melodramma in quattro atti

di Antonio Ghislanzoni ; musica di A. Carlos Gomes ; canto e pianoforte, riduzione di N. Celega.

Marino Falliero: tragedia lirica

del Sigr. Bidèra ; posta in musica ... del mo. Gaetano Donizetti.

Marino Falliero [sic]: tragedia lirica. Se pur giungi a trucidarlo : duetto

del sigr. Bidèra ; posta in musica del maestro G. Donizetti.

Tobias' Heimkehr : Oratorium. The return of Tobias, oratorio ...

On Cover: Vocal score with English and German words.

Drei biblische Scenen : [Klavierauszug mit Text] /

Publisher's no: Edition Breitkopf Nr. 1634.

Le quinte musiche : da cantar e sonar nel chitarone, arpicordo, arpa doppia & simili instromenti /

For voice and continuo (unfigured bass)

Le seste musiche : da cantar e sonar nel chitarone, arpicordo, arpa doppia, & simili instromenti /

For voice and continuo (unfigured bass)

Le musiche del caualier Sigismondo d'India ... : da cantarsi nel chitarrone, clauicembalo, arpa doppia, & altri stromenti da corpo : con alcune arie, con l'alfabetto per la chitarra alla spagnola.

For voice and continuo (figured bass).

Suite aus "Studenten Music" 1654, für 2 Violinen, 2 Violen, Violoncello (Kontrabass) und Klavier. [Für den prakt. Gebrauch

Originally for 5 instruments with continuo; the bass is realized for piano. The continuo part realized for keyboard instrument.

Tantum ergo : a due tenori e basso con accompagnamento d'orchestra.

German and Latin words.

Nonsense songs : (the songs that came out wrong) from Alice in Wonderland : a song-cycle for soprano, contralto, tenor and bass /

Advertisements on p. [1]-[2] at end.

Jery und Bätely: Oper in einem Act

von Göthe ; Musik von Ingeborg von Bronsart ; Clavierauszug.

Lo schiavo: dramma lirico in quattro atti

di Rodolfo Paravicini ; musica di A. Carlos Gomes ; opera completa per canto e pianoforte, riduzione di G. Loscar.