Análise da variação da vazão e da concentração do metano presentes nos gases gerados no aterro sanitário de Rio Claro - SP

The study of the generation of landfill gas contributes to the understanding of the relationship between gas production and other parameters, such as time of disposal of waste and moisture (rainfall) and, thus, can subsidize the viability study for energy. This study aims to evaluate the interference of the time of disposal of waste and moisture (rainfall) in the production and composition of biogas generated at the landfill in Rio Claro - SP. As a result it was observed that for the landfill studied, the average percentage of methane in biogas ranged from 49.9% to 54.7%. It was found that moisture (rainfall) and the time of waste disposal are parameters which do not cause significant changes in methane concentration in biogas. However, when analyzed the flow of biogas, which had the maximum average value of 152.86m3/h and minimum average value of 15.47m3/h was observed great interference of moisture (rainfall) and the time of disposal of waste, because well of gas located in newer areas of the landfill showed higher values of flow rate than the areas where the landfill was the beginning of the arrangement. The same way, it was observed that in the dry season flow of biogas decreased in all drains gas analyzed

Redução de consumo de energia eletrica a partir de reaproveitamento de energia termica com uso de ciclo rankine orgânico

This paper is proposed the usage of an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) along with waste heat recovery from an inconstant heat source. This method of waste heat recovery with intermittent heat source is part of a technical viability study. This paper also brings up the usage of thermal energy storage as heat source for the ORC. This paper is based on a heat treatment company study in which a natural gas furnace is explored. Data such as mass flow, temperature and specific waste gas heat from this furnace are used through calculations. Calculations are made also based on furnace cycles. This viability study considers a series of working fluids such as ammonia, benzene, R113 and R134a. Results point out that ORC with out thermal storage and using refrigerant fluid ammonia is the best alternative

Incorporação de novas tecnologias no setor sucroalcooleiro: produção de hidrogênio e aumento da oferta de eletricidade

This work studies the incorporation of new technologies in the sugarcane sector. Are considered the ethanol steam reforming and the gasification of sugarcane bagasse(by-product) processes associated with combined cycle systems (Gas Turbine + Steam Turbine), aggregating hydrogen production and increased electricity supply in the sector, respectively. To verify the technical feasibility of the incorporation processes was performed a thermodynamic analysis, considering data from a typical Brazilian Sugar Cane Industry. In another step the economic viability study of the hydrogen production process was made, with consideration on hydrated and anhydrous ethanol steam reform, comparing the cost of hydrogen production. Also considered studies of economic engineering of the gasification process and the generation of electricity associated. As conclusions, it follows that the ethanol steam reforming is a great alternative for hydrogen production, presenting production cost relatively low, especially when is considered the steam reforming of hydrated ethanol. For the gasification process associated with combined cycle, can be observed an increase of 8.56 times of the electricity production in the sugar cane industry, indicating a positive annual saving when the sales price of the supply electricity is greater than 0.070 US$/kWh. Finally it can be concluded that the incorporation of these new processes allow greater profitability and operational flexibility of Brazilian sugarcane mills

Processamento e análise de vídeos utilizando Floresta de Caminhos Ótimos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Processamento e análise de vídeos utilizando Floresta de Caminhos Ótimos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Validación de HP UV-LED para la detección en continuo de contaminantes en aguas continentales mediante fluorescencia

La preservación del medio ambiente, el avance en las técnicas para que el impacto de la actividad humana sobre la fauna y flora sea lo menor posible, hacen que se deban monitorizar los diversos indicadores de calidad. El presente estudio viene motivado debido a que actualmente existen sistemas de medida y control en continuo de la calidad de las aguas, al margen de los estudios de laboratorio por toma de muestras, a través de los cuales se obtienen indicadores de calidad. El desarrollo tecnológico en analizadores en continuo para la medida de fósforo, amonio, DBO y otros, hacen que cada vez se consiga un control más exhaustivo de la calidad en tiempo real. Sin embargo, la detección temprana de contaminantes que no deben encontrarse presentes en el agua, hacen que el desarrollo de sensores de detección de estos contaminantes sea de gran utilidad. A este respecto, las técnicas mediante fluorescencia presentan enormes ventajas, ya que no existe contacto directo con la muestra, reduciéndose el desgaste y alargando el tiempo entre mantenimientos, como se ha comprobado en numerosos desarrollos con tecnología láser. Para la producir fluorescencia, tradicionalmente se vienen utilizando en el laboratorio principalmente lámparas de gas y monocromadores. Los nuevos LED de alta potencia en el espectro ultravioleta son una alternativa muy interesante que además puede ser aplicada en los mencionados sistemas de medición en continuo. En este trabajo se realiza un estudio de viabilidad de estos dispositivos como fuentes de excitación para la producción de fluorescencia tomando como contaminantes los hidrocarburos. El funcionamiento en estaciones en continuo hace que se tenga que realizar además ensayos de vida acelerados, así como estudios de modos de trabajo. Al respecto de la fluorescencia producida, se estudia la influencia de factores que pueden afectar a las medidas, tales como la temperatura. El estudio del espectro y su análisis para la identificación del contaminante es otro de los puntos desarrollados en este trabajo. Por último, y dado que la monitorización se realiza en modo continuo, es necesario un sistema de comunicaciones compacto y fiable: en este apartado se analizan los metamateriales como solución tecnológica, ya que se adapta perfectamente a la filosofía de estas estaciones de medición. ABSTRACT Currently the monitoring of quality indicators is a need to preserve the environment and minimize the impact of human activity on the fauna and flora. Currently there are measuring systems and continuous monitoring of water quality, regardless of sampling laboratory studies, through which quality indicators are obtained. Technological development in continuous analyzers for the measurement of phosphorus, ammonia, BOD and others increasingly make a more comprehensive real-time quality control is achieved. However, early detection of contaminants that should not be present in the water, make the development of sensors for detecting these contaminants is very useful. In this regard, fluorescence techniques have huge advantages, since there is no direct contact with the sample, reducing wear and extending the time between maintenance, as has been demonstrated in numerous developments in laser technology. To produce fluoresce, traditionally are being used mainly gas lamps and monochromators at the laboratory. The new high-power LEDs in the ultraviolet spectrum are a very interesting alternative that can also be applied in the above continuous measurement systems. In this paper a viability study of these devices as excitation sources to produce fluorescence using hydrocarbon as contaminants is performed. The stations in continuous operation makes it necessary to also perform accelerated life tests and studies operating modes. In regard to the fluorescence produced, the influence of factors that may affect the measurements, such as temperature is studied. The study of the spectrum and analysis to identify the contaminant is another of the points developed in this work. Finally, since the monitoring is carried out in continuous mode, a compact and reliable communication is necessary: in this section metamaterials as a technological solution is analyzed since it fits perfectly with the philosophy of these measuring stations.

Exploración y evaluación de mecanismos para la captura de la posición y postura de personas en entornos reales

El presente trabajo consiste en el estudio de la viabilidad en el uso de tres posibles opciones orientadas a la captura de la posición y la postura de personas en entornos reales, así como el diseño e implementación de un prototipo de captura en cada uno de ellos. También se incluye una comparativa con el fin de destacar los pros y los contras de cada solución. Una de las alternativas para llevarlo a cabo consiste en un sistema de tracking óptico por infrarrojos de alta calidad y precisión, como es Optitrack; la segunda se basa en una solución de bajo coste como es el periférico Kinect de Microsoft y la tercera consiste en la combinación de ambos dispositivos para encontrar un equilibrio entre precisión y economía, tomando los puntos fuertes de cada uno para contrarrestar sus debilidades. Uno de los puntos importantes del trabajo es que el uso de los prototipos de captura está orientado a entornos de trabajo reales (en concreto en la captura de los movimientos del personal que trabaja en un quirófano), así que han sido necesarias pruebas para minimizar el efecto de las fuentes de luz en los sistemas de infrarrojos, el estudio de los dispositivos para determinar el número de personas que son capaces de capturar a la vez sin que esto afecte a su rendimiento y el nivel de invasión de los dispositivos en los trabajadores (marcadores para el tracking), además de los mecanismos apropiados para minimizar el impacto de las oclusiones utilizando métodos de interpolación y ayudándose del conocimiento del contexto, las restricciones de movimiento del cuerpo humano y la evolución en el tiempo. Se han desarrollado conocimientos en el funcionamiento y configuración dispositivos como el sistema de captura Optitrack de Natural Point y el sistema de detección de movimiento Kinect desarrollado por Microsoft. También se ha aprendido el funcionamiento del entorno de desarrollo y motor de videojuegos multiplataforma homónimos Unity y del lenguaje de programación C# que utiliza dicho entorno para sus scripts de control, así como los protocolos de comunicación entre los distintos sistemas que componen los prototipos como son VRPN y NatNet.---ABSTRACT---This project is about a viability study in the use of three possible options, oriented towards the capture of the position and view of people in a real environment, as well as the design and implementation of a capturing prototype in each of them. A comparative study is also included, in order to emphasise the pros and cons of each solution. One of the alternatives consists of an optical tracking system via high quality and precision infrareds, like Optitrack; the second is based on a low cost solution, such as Microsoft’s Kinect peripheral, and the third consists on a combination of both devices to find a balance between precision and price, taking the strong points of each of the mechanisms to make up for the weaknesses. One of the important parts of this project is that the use of the capturing prototypes is directed towards real life work situations (specifically towards the capturing of the movements of surgery personnel), so various tests have been necessary in order to minimize the effect of light sources in infrared systems, the study of the devices to determine the number of people that they are capable of capturing simultaneously without affecting their performance and the invasion level of the devices towards the workers (tracking markers), as well as the mechanisms adopted to minimize the impact of the occlusions using interpolation methods and with help of the knowledge of the surroundings, the human movement restrictions and the passing of time. Knowledge has been developed on the functioning and configuration of the devices such as Natural Point’s Optitrak capturing system, and the Kinect movement detection system developed by Microsoft. We have also learned about the operating of the development and incentive environment of multiplatform videogames of namesake Unity and of C# programming language, which uses said environment for its control scripts, as well as communication protocols between the different systems that make up prototypes like VRPN and NatNet.

Contribuição ao estudo do efeito de combinação de veículos de carga sobre pontes rodoviárias de concreto

O crescente desenvolvimento na indústria de transporte tornou-se um tema de pesquisa em diversos países, uma vez que as obras de arte especiais até então construídas não foram projetadas para as elevadas cargas atualmente transportadas. Mostra-se necessária uma reavaliação de como a ação do carregamento móvel é levada em consideração. Dessa forma, elaborou-se um estudo de normas e códigos de diversos países sobre o tema. Definem-se algumas combinações de veículos de cargas (CVCs) e analisam-se as conseqüências e a viabilidade do tráfego das mesmas. Essa análise é realizada através da comparação dos esforços solicitantes provocados pelas CVCs e pelos veículos previstos por normas em diversos sistemas estruturais e por meio da verificação da capacidade portante de um projeto típico. Objetivando-se encontrar uma solução que se adequasse à realidade brasileira, é elaborado um estudo sobre como outros países vêm tratando a questão das combinações de veículos de cargas especiais. Ao final do trabalho, constata-se a existência de CVCs que, apesar de atenderem às exigências estabelecidas pelo Conselho Nacional de Trânsito (CONTRAN), são incompatíveis com a as pontes da malha viária nacional.

Estudio de fiabilidad y viabilidad de la Web 2.0 y la Web semántica para enriquecer lexicones en el dominio farmacológico

Los actuales sistemas de Reconocimiento de Entidades en el dominio farmacológico, necesarios como apoyo para el personal sanitario en el proceso de prescripción de un tratamiento farmacológico, sufren limitaciones relacionadas con la falta de cobertura de las bases de datos oficiales. Parece por tanto necesario analizar la fiabilidad de los recursos actuales existentes, tanto en la Web Semántica como en la Web 2.0, y determinar si es o no viable utilizar dichos recursos como fuentes de información complementarias que permitan generar y/o enriquecer lexicones empleados por sistemas de Reconocimiento de Entidades. Por ello, en este trabajo se analizan las principales fuentes de información relativas al dominio farmacológico disponibles en Internet. Este análisis permite concluir que existe información fiable y que dicha información permitiría enriquecer los lexicones existentes con sinónimos y otras variaciones léxicas o incluso con información histórica no recogida ni mantenida en las bases de datos oficiales.

Enquadramento legal e estudo económico de parques eólicos

Portugal, no intuito de alcançar metas ambientais e económicas a que se propôs, e de reduzir a dependência das importações de energia, tem aumentado o investimento em eletricidade produzida a partir de energias renováveis (FER-E). Apesar do consenso em torno da sua utilização, as energias renováveis deparam-se com barreiras de várias ordens que dificultam a sua difusão no mercado. A atuação do Estado neste enquadramento passa por criar modelos de promoção da FER-E. A maioria dos países da União Europeia, incluindo Portugal, aplica as tarifas feed-in (FIT) como instrumento central de suporte à FER-E, inserido num modelo de apoio que contempla outros parâmetros de construção considerados críticos para o seu sucesso. No seguimento do estágio realizado na empresa Senvion Portugal a presente tese explora os programas e modelos de apoio às FER-E em Portugal, nomeadamente as que se referem à energia eólica. Bem como os trabalhos realizados com as equipas de O&M e a realização de um estudo de viabilidade económica da substituição de aerogeradores no parque eólico de Picos Verdes II.

Conception of a YBCO Superconducting ZFC-Magnetic Bearing Virtual Prototype

This paper presents the conception of an original superconducting Frictionless Zero Field Cooling bearing virtual prototype. In previous work also shown in this conference, a viability study of a Zero Field Cooling-superconducting bearing concept was conducted. It showed that the virtual prototype is feasible. Moreover, the simulation studies showed that a Zero Field Cooling superconducting track provides not only effective lateral stability but also higher levitation forces than the commonly used Field Cooling tracks. In this paper the new Zero Field Cooling -bearing virtual prototype is modeled in 3D. The virtual prototype was designed having in mind: i) a future implementation in high density polyurethane, for low temperature robustness; ii) future manufacturing in a three axes CNC milling machine and; iii) future implementation of some parts using an additive manufacturing technique.

In vitro study on thiabendazole action on viability of Ascaris lumbricoides (Lineu, 1758) eggs

The in vitro activity of thiabendazole on Ascaris lumbricoides eggs, which were recovered from uteri of worm excreted after chemotherapeutic treatment, was studied. Four concentrations of the drug were used: 1 -- 2.5 -- 5 -- and 10 ppm during 24, 48 and 72 hours of exposure. Subsequently, the eggs were centrifuged, washed three times and H2SO4 0.1N was added. The eggs were maintained in an incubator for 20 days at 28°C. Finally, the percentage of embryonated eggs was determined under a lightmicroscope at a 100X magnification. After 48 and 72 hours of thiabendazole exposure, at a concentration of 10ppm, the drug showed complete inhibition of egg embryonation.

Guincho surf center business plan viability: Case study

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

A study on the viability of minimum quantity lubrication with water in grinding of ceramics using a hybrid-bonded diamond wheel

With the currently strict environmental law in present days, researchers and industries are seeking to reduce the amount of cutting fluid used in machining. Minimum quantity lubrication is a potential alternative to reduce environmental impacts and overall process costs. This technique can substantially reduce cutting fluids in grinding, as well as provide better performance in relation to conventional cutting fluid application (abundant fluid flow). The present work aims to test the viability of minimum quantity lubrication (with and without water) in grinding of advanced ceramics, when compared to conventional method (abundant fluid flow). Measured output variables were grinding power, surface roughness, roundness errors and wheel wear, as well as scanning electron micrographs. The results show that minimum quantity lubrication with water (1:1) was superior to conventional lubrication-cooling in terms of surface quality, also reducing wheel wear, when compared to the other methods tested.

Accuracy of strain rate techniques for ientification of viability at dobutamine stress echo: A follow-up study after revascularization

Background. Myocardial viability (VM) assessment based on wall motion scoring (WMS) with dobutamine echo (DbE) is difficult and subjective. New quantitative techniques such as strain rate imaging (SRI) correspond with isotopic techniques but their ability to predict functional recovery (FR) after revascularization is unclear. Methods. Stable post-MI pts (n=43, age 63±9, EF 36±6%) underwent SRI during DbE. WMS evidence of VM was based on lowdose augmentation at DbE. SR, end-systolic strain (ESS), post-systolic strain (PSS) and timing were analyzed at rest and low dose in abnormal segts. Pts were followed for 9±12 months; FR was defined as segt improvement on post-revascularization images. Results: Of 180 segts with abnormal resting function, 83 showed FR and 97 did not. Resting parameters were not predictive of recovery; resting post-systolic shortening had a sensitivity and specificity