Primary cutaneous cryptococcosis due to Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii serotype B, in an immunocompetent patient

The authors report a male patient, a seller with no detected immunosuppression, with an extensive ulcerated skin lesion localized on the left forearm, caused by Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii serotype B. Oral treatment with fluconazole was successful. A review of the literature showed the rarity of this localization in HIV-negative patients. In contrast, skin lesions frequently occurs in HIV-positive patients, with Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans serotype A predominating as the etiological agent. In this paper, the pathogenicity of C. neoformans to skin lesions in patients immunocompromised or not, is discussed, showing the efficacy of fluconazole for the treatment of these processes.

The spectrum of computerized tomography (CT) findings in central nervous system (CNS) infection due to Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii in immunocompetent children

Cranial CT scans of eleven immunocompetent children with central nervous system (CNS) infection due to Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii were retrospectively reviewed. These children had an average age of 8.8 years and positive culture for C. n. var. gattii in cerebrospinal fluid. The most common signs and symptoms were headache, fever, nuchal rigidity, nausea and vomiting. No normal cranial CT was detected in any patient. Hypodense nodules were observed in all patients . The remaining scan abnormalities were as follows: nine had diffuse atrophy, six had hydrocephalus, and five had hydrocephalus coexistent with diffuse atrophy.

Residual effect of two Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis products assayed against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in laboratory and outdoors at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Resistance of the dengue vector to temephos stimulated its substitution for Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) since 2001 in Brazil. The persistence of the two Bti formulations employed at that time by the Health Ministry, Vectobac G and Aquabac G, was assayed under laboratory and outdoor conditions. Both formulations were tested at 0.2 g/10 liters of water, the same concentration applied in the field for vector control. The tests were done against Ae. aegypti third instar larvae (Rockefeller strain). In the laboratory, Vectobac G and Aquabac G caused at least 95% mortality until 101 and 45 days after treatment, respectively. In the outdoor assays, test containers of different materials were treated with either formulation and placed in a shaded area. Larvae were introduced each 3-6 days and mortality was recorded 24 and 48 hours later. In the first set of assays, performed in June 2001, mortality levels of 70% or more were attained for 2-5 weeks for both formulations in all containers. The exception was for the iron one that rusted, resulting in low mortality after seven days. In the second set of assays (August 2001), 70% mortality was attained for just 1-2 weeks for all the containers and both formulations.

Rapid turnover of Plasmodium falciparum var gene transcripts and genotypes during natural non-symptomatic infections

The var genes of Plasmodium falciparum code for the antigenically variant erythrocyte membrane proteins 1 (PfEMP1), a major factor for cytoadherence and immune escape of the parasite. Herein, we analyzed the var gene transcript turnover in two ongoing, non-symptomatic infections at sequential time points during two weeks. The number of different circulating genomes was estimated by microsatellite analyses. In both infections, we observed a rapid turnover of plasmodial genotypes and var transcripts. The rapidly changing repertoire of var transcripts could have been caused either by swift elimination of circulating var-transcribing parasites stemming from different or identical genetic backgrounds, or by accelerated switching of var gene transcription itself.

The macroeconomic effects of (different) oil shocks: A VAR approach

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Economics from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

Evaluation of drought tolerance in several genotypes of spelt (Triticum aestivum Var. Spelta)

Domestication of plants and plant breeding have dramatically eroded the allelic variations of crop species which led to an increasing susceptibility of crop plants to environmental stresses, diseases and pests. Drought is a major environmental stress factor that affects the growth and development of plants so the selection of tolerant genotypes becomes increasingly important with respect to the predicted effects of global warming. In this study, several genotypes of Spelt (Triticum aestivum var. spelta) were tested under low water supply in soil with the aim of to find Spelt genotypes more resistant than wheat to these conditions, and select them so that in future may be used to improve wheat crops. Morphological analyses were performed and mineral and enzymatic analyses and also dry matter production were calculated. Our results suggests that the genotypes Sp53, Sp96, Sp912, Sp757 and Sp804 are a potential ones to use in breeding programs to improve wheat production. Under drought, these genotypes had growth efficiency of 38%, 45%, 64%, 37%, and 31% respectively and also showed higher biomass than modern wheat and were also mineralogical richer. The genotypes Sp96 and Sp912 showed highest activity of all antioxidants enzymes tested. This work proves that Spelt is a good wheat to continue to study in order to improve wheat crops in dry areas and consequently increase the quality of life and health of the populations living in those areas.

Acetylcholinesterase inhibition starting from extracts of Bauhinia variegata L., Bauhinia var. candida (Aiton) Buch.-Ham., and Bauhinia ungulata L

INTRODUCTION: A treatment to the Alzheimer's disease consists inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase, which is responsible for the acetylcholine control in the synapses. METHODS: We have investigated the potential of inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase produced by hexane extracts of leaves, branches, and flowers from three Bauhinia specimens, which is based on the technique of thin layer chromatography and on identifying the organ of the plant that possesses larger concentration of inhibitors. RESULTS: Retention factor analysis shows values of 0.31aA, 0.31aA, and 0.46aB for flowers B. variegata, B. var. candida, and B. ungulata, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The flower extract of B. ungulata is the most suitable for further studies on this inhibition.

Fiscal policy under financial stress: A threshold VAR approach

The purpose of the project is to measure the impact of fiscal policy on the Portuguese GDP and how it may vary according to the state of the financial market. A Threshold VAR model is presented in which the two regimes are found using a financial stress index that divides the economy into a situation of financial stress and financial stability.

Alguns aspectos da biologia reprodutiva do guaranazeiro (Paullinia cupana var. sorbilis (Mart.) Ducke - Sapindaceae

O objetivo deste trabalho é a identificação dos insetos visitantes do guaraná (Paullinia cupanavar. sorbilis)e a determinação dos prováveis polinizadores, em uma plantação próxima de Manaus, assim como determinar a taxa de visita em ambas as flores, masculinas e femininas. Também estuda a variação na freqüência da produção de flores masculinas e femininas, no período da floração. Foram coletadas trinta e duas famílias de insetos de cinco ordens. Hymenoptera foi a ordem mais freqüente com 71% de todos os indivíduos. Vinte e sete espécies de abelhas foram encontradas visitando as flores. A síndrome geral da polinização da espécies parece estar adaptada aos Hymenoptera. E sugerido que Melipona seminigra merilae, Xylocopa muscariae Apis melliferaestão entre os mais Importantes polinlzadores, sendo que outros Hymenoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera e Coleoptera são, talvez, ocasionais . Parece não haver preferência dos diversos grupos de insetos por flores masculinas ou femininas. A floração ocorreu durante 37 a 38 dias com dois períodos bem definidos. Houve uma pausa de um a dois dias [sem floração) entre os dois períodos, coincidindo em todas as inflarescências estudadas. 0 primeiro período durou 20-22 dias, enquanto o segundo foi menor, durando somente 16-18 dias. Em nenhum caso, o pique da floração masculina coincidiu com a feminina.

Biologia floral de Solanum sessiliflorum Dun. Var. sessiliflorum, na região de Manaus, AM

Foi estudada a biologia floral de Solanum sessiliflorum var. sessiflorum em Manaus, Amazonas. Esta espécie é polinizada por abelhas que vibram durante a visita à flor sendo a abelha Eulaema nigrita considerada como a polinizadora mais eficiente, pelo seu comportamento, tamanho e freqüência. O sistema de reprodução desta espécie parece ser alogãmico, o modo de, apresentação das flores numa mesma planta e asòlncronlco e o único recurso oferecido é o polen. As abelhas visitantes de, Solanum sessiliflorum var. sessiliflorum são de um modo geral florestais, sendo necessária uma região de mata relativamente próxima para a manutenção da poinizção e perpetuação dessas espécies.

Alguns insetos do cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal VAR. sessiliflorum Dunal, Solanaceae) na região de Manaus - AM

São citadas quatorze espécies de insetos nocivos ou potencialmente nocivos ao cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal var. sessiliflorum Dunal) na região de Manaus. Os elementos da sua biologia e a importância de seus danos são fornecidos.

Patologia em larvas de Ascia monuste monuste infectadas por Bacillus thuringiensis var. Kurstaki. I. Sintomatologia externa e interna

RESUMONo presente trabalho foram estudados os sintomas externos e internos pré-mortais em lagartas de Ascia monuste monuste infectadas com um produto (Dipel) à base de Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Sorotipo H3a:3b). Tais sintomas são importantes nas avaliações das doenças de insetos no campo.Para os estudos da histopatologia foram analisadas as alterações ocorridas no tecido e c´leilas do epitélio intestinal a nível de microscópia ótica e eltrônica. Tais alterações resultam na morte das lagartas infectadas.

Patologia em larvas de Ascia monuste monuste infectadas por Bacillus thuringiensis var. Kurstaki. II. susceptibilidade e virulência

RESUMOFoi investigado, no presente trabalho, a patogenicidade de Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (sorotipo H3a: 3b) dos produtos comerciais Dipel e Bactospeine para lagartas de Ascia monuste monuste. Por meio de bioensaios, avaliou-se a alta susceptibilidade das lagartas dessa espécie ao bacilo, revelando a possibilidade do uso deste no controle de A. monuste monuste.