Interface issues in the ESCHER visual database editor

Presentation at the 1997 Dagstuhl Seminar "Evaluation of Multimedia Information Retrieval", Norbert Fuhr, Keith van Rijsbergen, Alan F. Smeaton (eds.), Dagstuhl Seminar Report 175, 14.04. - 18.04.97 (9716). - Abstract: This presentation will introduce ESCHER, a database editor which supports visualization in non-standard applications in engineering, science, tourism and the entertainment industry. It was originally based on the extended nested relational data model and is currently extended to include object-relational properties like inheritance, object types, integrity constraints and methods. It serves as a research platform into areas such as multimedia and visual information systems, QBE-like queries, computer-supported concurrent work (CSCW) and novel storage techniques. In its role as a Visual Information System, a database editor must support browsing and navigation. ESCHER provides this access to data by means of so called fingers. They generalize the cursor paradigm in graphical and text editors. On the graphical display, a finger is reflected by a colored area which corresponds to the object a finger is currently pointing at. In a table more than one finger may point to objects, one of which is the active finger and is used for navigating through the table. The talk will mostly concentrate on giving examples for this type of navigation and will discuss some of the architectural needs for fast object traversal and display. ESCHER is available as public domain software from our ftp site in Kassel. The portable C source can be easily compiled for any machine running UNIX and OSF/Motif, in particular our working environments IBM RS/6000 and Intel-based LINUX systems. A porting to Tcl/Tk is under way.

Jmodels: Java models of earth system regulation

The JModel suite consists of a number of models of aspects of the Earth System. They can all be run from the JModels website. They are written in the Java language for maximum portability, and are capable of running on most computing platforms including Windows, MacOS and Unix/Linux. The models are controlled via graphical user interfaces (GUI), so no knowledge of computer programming is required to run them. The models currently available from the JModels website are: Ocean phosphorus cycle Ocean nitrogen and phosphorus cycles Ocean silicon and phosphorus cycles Ocean and atmosphere carbon cycle Energy radiation balance model (under development) The main purpose of the models is to investigate how material and energy cycles of the Earth system are regulated and controlled by different feedbacks. While the central focus is on these feedbacks and Earth System stabilisation, the models can also be used in other ways. These resources have been developed by: National Oceanography Centre, Southampton project led by Toby Tyrrell and Andrew Yool, focus on how the Earth system works.

INFO2009 resource: Infographic on the evolution of Open Source Software

Infographic providing a timeline of important events in the history of open source software since the fifties. Also includes stats for OSS licenses, usage in Business and reasons for participating in an OSS community.

COMP1204: Processes (2013)

Introduction to UNIX processes

Programación básica en lenguaje C.

Este libro está recomendado para la iniciación a la programación de alumnos de los primeros cursos de ingenieros de telecomunicaciones, técnicos y superiores y de industriales. Los programas desarrollados con los conocimienros adquiridos en el libro pueden ejecutarse en cualquier computador sobre cualquier arquitectura, incluso teniendo un compilador para C++. El contenido de los diversos capítulos es el siguiente: 1. Describe la estructura de un programa en lenguaje C, la declaración y tipos de datos escalares, las instrucciones más sencillas y la construcción de expresiones, el capítulo termina con las sentencias para realizar la entrada/salida básica para la ejecución de los primeros programas. 2 y 3. Describen las sentencias clave para la realización de cualquier programa. 4. Describe cómo realizar un programa en partes, que en C se llamarán funciones. 5. Avanza en la declaración de datos: array y string. 6. Describe otros aspectos del lenguaje: preprocesadores, manejo de bits, entrada/salida con ficheros, biblioteca de C y algunas extensiones del mismo. Incluye tres apéndices con la tabla de precedencia de los operadores de C, ejemplos de declaraciones complejas que se pueden hacer en C, y una descripción del compilador de C en un entorno Unix: el cc.

Modeling the user knowledge by belief networks

This paper describes the user modeling component of EPIAIM, a consultation system for data analysis in epidemiology. The component is aimed at representing knowledge of concepts in the domain, so that their explanations can be adapted to user needs. The first part of the paper describes two studies aimed at analysing user requirements. The first one is a questionnaire study which examines the respondents' familiarity with concepts. The second one is an analysis of concept descriptions in textbooks and from expert epidemiologists, which examines how discourse strategies are tailored to the level of experience of the expected audience. The second part of the paper describes how the results of these studies have been used to design the user modeling component of EPIAIM. This module works in a two-step approach. In the first step, a few trigger questions allow the activation of a stereotype that includes a "body" and an "inference component". The body is the representation of the body of knowledge that a class of users is expected to know, along with the probability that the knowledge is known. In the inference component, the learning process of concepts is represented as a belief network. Hence, in the second step the belief network is used to refine the initial default information in the stereotype's body. This is done by asking a few questions on those concepts where it is uncertain whether or not they are known to the user, and propagating this new evidence to revise the whole situation. The system has been implemented on a workstation under UNIX. An example of functioning is presented, and advantages and limitations of the approach are discussed.

Collaborative grid infrastructure for molecular simulations: The eMinerals minigrid as a prototype integrated computer and data grid

This paper describes a prototype grid infrastructure, called the eMinerals minigrid, for molecular simulation scientists. which is based on an integration of shared compute and data resources. We describe the key components, namely the use of Condor pools, Linux/Unix clusters with PBS and IBM's LoadLeveller job handling tools, the use of Globus for security handling, the use of Condor-G tools for wrapping globus job submit commands, Condor's DAGman tool for handling workflow, the Storage Resource Broker for handling data, and the CCLRC dataportal and associated tools for both archiving data with metadata and making data available to other workers.

Processos e Threads

O material apresenta processos e threads (tarefas). Destaca a necessidade da criação de um código executável apropriado para a arquitetura (processador) e do sistema operacional do computador onde se deseja executá-lo. Além do código e das áreas de dados, diversas informações de controle precisam ser mantidas pelo Sistema Operacional para um processo em execução. O texto também apresenta processos no sistema operacional UNIX, os processos leves - threads ou linhas de execução, as vantagens do uso de threads, exemplo de programa Java que utiliza threads, e por fim, traz exercícios resolvidos sobre conceitos de processos na literatura técnica e mecanismo.

Processos e Threads - Slides

O material apresenta o conceito de processo, os estados de processo e transições, blocos de controle de processos (PCBs) e seus descritores, o chaveamento de processos/troca de contexto, a definição de interrupções em relação com hardware/software, a comunicação interprocessos (IPC) e os processos no UNIX. Além desses tópicos, o material também descreve threads, suas semelhanças e diferenças com processos, seu ciclo de vida, e noções básicas sobre threads POSIX, Linux, Windows XP e Java.

Políticas de escalonamento de processos e threads

O material apresenta políticas de escalonamento de processos e threads. O escalonamento de processos (ou Escalonamento do processador) trata da decisão sobre qual processo será executado em um determinado instante e por qual processador. O material apresenta também algoritmos de escalonamento relevantes, incluindo exemplos de algoritmos preemptivos e não-preemptivos, objetivos e critérios do escalonamento e diferentes tipos de escalonamentos: Escalonamento FIFO (first-in first-out), Escalonamento circular RR (Round-Robin ), Escalonamento SPF (Shortest Process First), Escalonamento SRT (Shortest Remaining Time), Escalonamento FSS (Fair Share Scheduling), Escalonamento de tempo real, Escalonamento de threads Java – JVM, Escalonamento no Windows XP e UNIX.

Bate-papo sobre Chamadas de Sistema

O material apresenta as chamadas de sistema, ou system calls, que são rotinas de serviço oferecidas por um sistema operacional aos programas. Além de escalonar o uso do(s) processador(es) para a execução das instruções dos processos, o Sistema Operacional tem a função de prover serviços a esses processos. O material destaca ainda o código executado pelas chamadas de sistema que reside na memória; a portabilidade dos programas; e os tipos de chamadas de sistema nos sistemas operacionais Microsoft, Unix e Linux.

Processos e Threads

A videoaula apresenta os principais conceitos sobre processos e threads com destaque para estados de processo e transições, blocos de controle de processos e descritores, chaveamento de processos e troca de contexto, comunicação interprocessos (IPC), processos no Unix, semelhanças e diferenças entre processos e threads, o ciclo de vida de um thread e, por fim, conceitos básicos sobre threads POSIX, Linux, Windows XP e Java.

Escalonamento de Processos

A videoaula apresenta o escalonamento de processos, com foco para as políticas de escalonamento do processador. Destaca o escalonamento com prioridades (estática ou dinâmica), o funcionamento do escalonamento de threads em Java, os níveis de escalonamento (alto nível, nível intermediário, baixo nível) e os critérios que são levados em conta pelo algoritmo de escalonamento. Apresenta também os objetivos e critérios do escalonamento e seus seguintes tipos: Escalonamento FIFO (first-in first-out), Escalonamento circular RR (Round-Robin ), Escalonamento SPF (Shortest Process First), Escalonamento SRT (Shortest Remaining Time), Escalonamento FSS (Fair Share Scheduling) - Escalonamento por fração justa, Escalonamento de tempo real, Escalonamento de threads Java – JVM, Escalonamento no Windows XP e UNIX.

C programs for solving the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation in a fully anisotropic trap

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)