Impact of different pack sizes of paracetamol in the United Kingdom and Ireland on intentional overdoses: a comparative study

BACKGROUND: In order to reduce fatal self-poisoning legislation was introduced in the UK in 1998 to restrict pack sizes of paracetamol sold in pharmacies (maximum 32 tablets) and non-pharmacy outlets (maximum 16 tablets), and in Ireland in 2001, but with smaller maximum pack sizes (24 and 12 tablets). Our aim was to determine whether this resulted in smaller overdoses of paracetamol in Ireland compared with the UK. METHODS: We used data on general hospital presentations for non-fatal self-harm for 2002-2007 from the Multicentre Study of Self-harm in England (six hospitals), and from the National Registry of Deliberate Self-harm in Ireland. We compared sizes of overdoses of paracetamol in the two settings. RESULTS: There were clear peaks in numbers of non-fatal overdoses, associated with maximum pack sizes of paracetamol in pharmacy and non-pharmacy outlets in both England and Ireland. Significantly more pack equivalents (based on maximum non-pharmacy pack sizes) were used in overdoses in Ireland (mean 2.63, 95% CI 2.57-2.69) compared with England (2.07, 95% CI 2.03-2.10). The overall size of overdoses did not differ significantly between England (median 22, interquartile range (IQR) 15-32) and Ireland (median 24, IQR 12-36). CONCLUSIONS: The difference in paracetamol pack size legislation between England and Ireland does not appear to have resulted in a major difference in sizes of overdoses. This is because more pack equivalents are taken in overdoses in Ireland, possibly reflecting differing enforcement of sales advice. Differences in access to clinical services may also be relevant.

Walford's County families of the United Kingdom; or, Royal manual of the titled and untitled aristocracy of England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland ...

Mode of access: Internet.

The British angler's manual; or, The art of angling in England, Scotland, Wales, and Ireland: with some account of the principal rivers, lakes, and trout streams, in the United Kingdom; with instructions in fly-fishing, trolling, and angling at the bottom, and more particularly for the trout.

This is a paginal reprint of the 1st edition. The plates are on China paper, mounted.

Certain sermons or homilies appointed to be read in churches in the time of Queen Elizabeth; and reprinted by authority from King James I., A.D. 1623. To which are added the constitutions and canons of the Church of England, set forth A.D. 1603. With an appendix, containing the articles of religion, constitution, and canons of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America.

Mode of access: Internet.

The Definitions of faith : and canons of discipline of the six œcumenical councils, with the remaining canons of the code of the universal church : together with the apostolical canons : to which are added the constitutions and canons ecclesiastical of the Church of England, and of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America /

Includes index.

A companion for the festivals and fasts of the Protestant Episcopal church in the United States of America : principally selected and altered from Nelson's Companion for the festivals and fasts of the Church of England ; with forms of devotion /

Advertisements on p. [1]-[2] at end.

Certain sermons or homilies appointed to be read in churches in the time of Queen Elizabeth; and reprinted by authority from King James I., A. D. 1623. To which are added, the constitutions and canons of the Church of England, set forth A. D. 1603. With an appendix, containing the articles of religion, constitution, and canons of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America.

Includes indexes.

The traditional games of England, Scotland, and Ireland, with tunes, singing-rhymes, and methods of playing according to the variants extant and recorded in different parts of the Kingdom;

"List of authorities": v. 1, p. xi-xiv; v. 2, p. vii-ix.

Cobbett's parliamentary debates, during the ... session of the ... Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the Kingdom of Great Britain ...

Title varies slightly.

The ancient liturgy of the Church of England, according to the uses of Sarum, York, Hereford, and Bangor, and the Roman liturgy arranged in parallel columns with preface and notes,

Appendix (p. [279]-333):--Liturgia S. Clementis.--The Order of the Communion, 1548.--The Supper of the Lorde, 1549.