Timing and duration of the last interglacial inferred from high resolution U-series chronology of stalagmite growth in Southern Hemisphere

High-precision Th-230-U-238 ages for a stalagmite from Newdegate Cave in southern Tasmania, Australia define a rare record of precipitation between 100 and 155 ka before the present. The fastest stalagmite growth occurred between 129.2 +/- 1.6 and 122.1 +/- 2.0 ka (similar to 61.5 mm/ka), coinciding with a time of prolific coral growth from Western Australia (128-122 ka). This is the first high-resolution continental record in the Southern Hemisphere that can be compared and correlated with the marine record. Such correlation shows that in southern Australia the onset of full interglacial sea level and the initiation of highest precipitation on land were synchronous. The stalagmite growth rate between 129.2 and 142.2 ka (similar to 5.9 mm/ka) was lower than that between 142.2 and 154.5 ka (similar to 18.7 mm/ka), implying drier conditions during the Penultimate Deglaciation, despite rising temperature and sea level. This asymmetrical precipitation pattern is caused by latitudinal movement of subtropical highs and an associated Westerly circulation, in response to a changing Equator-to-Pole temperature gradient. Both marine and continental records in Australia strongly suggest that the insolation maximum between 126 and 128 ka at 65 degreesN was directly responsible for the maintenance of full Last Interglacial conditions, although the triggers that initiated Penultimate Deglaciation (at similar to 142 ka) remain unsolved. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Thermal ionization mass spectrometry U-series dating of a hominid site near Nanjing, China

Mass spectrometric U-series dating of speleothems from Tangshan Cave, combined with ecological and paleoclimatic evidence, indicates that Nanjing Man, a typical Homo erectus morphologically correlated with Peking Man at Zhoukoudian, should be at least 580 k.y. old, or more likely lived during the glacial oxygen isotope stage 16 (similar to 620 ka). Such an age estimate, which is similar to 270 ka older than previous electron spin resonance and alpha counting U-series dates, has significant implications for the evolution of Asian H. erectus. Dentine and enamel samples from the coexisting fossil layer yield significantly younger apparent ages, that of the enamel sample being only less than one-fourth of the minimum age of Nanjing Man. This suggests that U uptake history is far more complex than existing models can handle. As a result, great care must be taken in the interpretation of electron spin resonance and U-series dates of fossil teeth.

Heritability and gene-environment interactions for melanocytic nevus density examined in a U.K. adolescent twin study

Risk factors for melanoma include environmental (particularly ultraviolet exposure) and genetic factors. In rare families, susceptibility to melanoma is determined by high penetrance mutations in the genes CDKN2A or CDK4, with more common, less penetrant genes also postulated. A further, potent risk factor for melanoma is the presence of large numbers of melanocytic nevi so that genes controlling nevus phenotype could be such melanoma susceptibility genes. A large Australian study involving twins aged 12 y of predominantly U.K. ancestry showed strong evidence for genetic influence on nevus number and density. We carried out essentially the same study in the U.K. to gain insight into gene-environment interactions for nevi. One hundred and three monozygous (MZ) and 118 dizygous (DZ) twin pairs aged 10-18 y were examined in Yorkshire and Surrey, U.K. Nevus counts were, on average, higher in boys (mean = 98.6) than girls (83.8) (p = 0.009) and higher in Australia (110.4) than in the U.K. (79.2, adjusted to age 12 y, p < 0.0001), and nevus densities were higher on sun-exposed sites (92 per m(2)) than sun-protected sites (58 per m(2)) (p < 0.0001). Correlations in sex and age adjusted nevus density were higher in MZ pairs (0.94, 95% CI 0.92-0.96) than in DZ pairs (0.61, 95%CI 0.49-0.72), were notably similar to those of the Australian study (MZ = 0.94, DZ = 0.60), and were consistent with high heritability (65% in the U.K., 68% in Australia). We conclude that emergence of nevi in adolescents is under strong genetic control, whereas environmental exposures affect the mean number of nevi.

Automatic construction of explicit R matrices for the one-parameter families of irreducible typical highest weight (0(m)vertical bar alpha(n)) representations of U-q[gl(m vertical bar n)]

We detail the automatic construction of R matrices corresponding to (the tensor products of) the (O-m\alpha(n)) families of highest-weight representations of the quantum superalgebras Uq[gl(m\n)]. These representations are irreducible, contain a free complex parameter a, and are 2(mn)-dimensional. Our R matrices are actually (sparse) rank 4 tensors, containing a total of 2(4mn) components, each of which is in general an algebraic expression in the two complex variables q and a. Although the constructions are straightforward, we describe them in full here, to fill a perceived gap in the literature. As the algorithms are generally impracticable for manual calculation, we have implemented the entire process in MATHEMATICA; illustrating our results with U-q [gl(3\1)]. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.

U-Series dating of Liujiang hominid site in Guangxi, Southern China

It has been established that modern humans were living in the Levant and Africa ca. 100 ka ago. Hitherto, this has contrasted with the situation in China where no unequivocal specimens of this species have been securely dated to more than 30 ka. Here we present the results of stratigraphic studies and U-series dating of the Tongtianyan Cave, the discovery site of the Liujiang hominid, which represents one of the few well-preserved fossils of modern Homo sapiens in China. The human fossils are inferred to come from either a refilling breccia or a primarily deposited gravel-bearing sandy clay layer. In the former case, which is better supported, the fossils would date to at least similar to 68 ka, but more likely to similar to 111-139 ka. Alternatively, they would be older than, similar to 153 ka. Both scenarios would make the Liujiang hominid one of the earliest modem humans in East Asia, possibly contemporaneous with the earliest known representatives from the Levant and Africa. Parallel studies on other Chinese localities have provided supporting evidence for the redating of Liujiang, which may have important implications for, the origin of modem humans. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Some new killing trick: Welfare reform and drug markets in a U.S. urban ghetto

Ethnographic data collected over a 5-year period is analyzed to determine how the Personal Responsibility & Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA) has affected the lives of young male drug dealers from AIDS-afflicted families residing in Detroit. The data analysis indicated that the participants perceived drug dealing as the only viable employment opportunity for meeting the quotidian & health care needs of their families. The findings also revealed that the participants were highly aware of local political processes & the necessities of caring for relatives living with AIDS. Additional attention is dedicated to exploring the state of MI's rationale for ending the General Assistance Program, the sociocultural foundations of the PRWORA, various stipulations of the PRWORA, & how the PRWORA has augmented the legal vulnerability of welfare recipients. It is concluded that the PRWORA will force many welfare recipients to engage in illicit activities & will generally decrease recipients' health. 59 References. J. W. Parker

A Poincare-Birkhoff-Witt commutator lemma for U-q[gl(m vertical bar n)]

We present and prove in detail a Poincare-Birkhoff-Witt commutator lemma for the quantum superalgebra U-q[gl(m\n)]. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics.

Speleothem U-series dating of semi-synchronous climate oscillations during the last deglaciation

Evidence for nearly synchronous climate oscillations during the last deglaciation has been found throughout the Northern Hemisphere but few records are based on independent time scales of calendar years. We present a rare uranium-series dated oxygen-carbon isotope record for a speleothem from Tangshan Cave, China, which demonstrates that abrupt deglacial climatic oscillations from 16 800 to 10 500 yr BP are semi-synchronous with those found in Greenland ice core records. Relatively rapid shifts in speleothem oxygen isotope ratios demonstrate that the intensity of the East Asian monsoon switched in parallel with the abrupt transitions separating the Bolling-Allerod, Younger Dryas, and pre-Boreal climatic reversals. However, the dated isotopic transitions appear to have lasted longer. Our results demonstrate the dominant role of atmospheric teleconnections in the rapid propagation of deglacial climatic signals on a hemispheric scale, and highlight the importance of U-series dated speleothems in the timing and characterization of abrupt climate change. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Concurrent Planning in the U.K.

O Planeamento Concomitante teve a sua origem no Reino Unido. É um método radical de intervenção social, baseado na Teoria de Afecto (Attachment Theory). O Planeamento Concomitante procura garantir que as crianças vulneráveis nas casas de acolhimento do Estado sejam adoptadas mais rapidamente possível. As crianças são acolhidas no âmbito deste Planeamento durante o período em que está em curso a avaliação da capacidade acolhedora dos pais adoptivos. As crianças sem condições de retorno para as suas famílias são desta forma legalmente adoptadas pelos pais adoptivos com quem as crianças já conseguiram desenvolver laços afectivos.

Razão nitrogênio ureico/creatinina (N U/C) em indivíduos de famílias que apresentaram consumo satisfatório e insatisfatório de proteínas

A razão nitrogênio ureico/creatinina (N u/c) foi medida em indivíduos de ambos os sexos nos grupos de 3 a 10 anos, 11 a 15 anos e acima de 15 anos de idade, em uma amostra das populações das comunidades de Vila de Icapara, Pontal do Ribeira e diaristas de Iguape, localizadas no litoral sul de São Paulo, no Vale do Ribeira. Foi calculada a adequação do consumo de proteínas entre as famílias, através dos resultados de um inquérito alimentar feito pelo método das pesagens. Partiu-se da hipótese de que haveria maior proporção de indivíduos com a razão N u/c maior ou igual a 5 nas famílias que apresentaram consumo proteico maior ou igual a 80,0% de adequação; através do teste chi2; 0,05, obteve-se uma associação entre a adequação do consumo de proteínas nas famílias e a razão N u/c nos indivíduos das respectivas famílias.

Algumas técnicas SIG úteis à obtenção de áreas de serviço de conjuntos de pontos

Em estudos de acessibilidade, e não só, são muito úteis um tipo de estruturas que se podem obter a partir de uma rede, eventualmente multi-modal e parametrizável: as chamadas “áreas de serviço”, as quais são constituídas por polígonos, cada qual correspondente a uma zona situada entre um certo intervalo de custo, relativamente a uma certa “feature” (ponto, multiponto, etc.). Pretende-se neste estudo obter, a partir de áreas de serviço relativas a um universo de features, áreas de serviço relativas a subconjuntos dessas features. Estas técnicas envolvem manipulações relativamente complexas de polígonos e podem ser generalizadas para conjuntos de conjuntos e assim sucessivamente. Convém notar que nem sempre se dispõe da rede, podendo dispor-se das referidas estruturas; eventualmente, no caso de áreas de serviço, sob a forma de imagens (raster) a serem convertidas para formato vectorial.

O ensino de português no Estado de New Jersey, E.U.A.

A falta de dados sobre o ensino de português nos Estados Unidos é sem dúvida o maior entrave a um plano eficaz e estruturado que permita aos países de língua portuguesa estabelecerem metas e objetivos para o crescimento da língua no universo americano. O estudo apresentado nesta dissertação foi feito durante mais de um ano e tem como objetivo principal mostrar a situação do ensino da língua portuguesa nos Estados Unidos da América, mais especificamente em New Jersey. Foram contatadas escolas comunitárias ou de herança, ensino integrado e instituições de ensino superior para darem a saber o que se ensina, como se ensina e quem ensina o Português no estado de New Jersey, quer seja Português Língua Não Materna, Português Língua Materna ou Português Língua Estrangeira.