Estudio psicopedagógico sobre sujetos con síndrome de Turner y sujetos con síndrome de Klinefelter : implicaciones educativas.

La investigación tiene una doble finalidad: A) Realizar una evaluación psicopedagógica del nivel cognitivo de los sujetos con síndrome de Turner o con síndrome de Klinefelter. B) Diseñar un modelo de intervención psicoeducativa tendente a paliar los déficits cognitivos de los sujetos de la muestra. Se compone de 9 sujetos, 7 con síndrome de Turner y 2 con síndrome de Klinefelter cuyas edades oscilan entre los 4 y 15 años. Esta muestra se extrajo de un total de 32 sujetos diagnosticados por el Instituto de Bioquímica de la Comunidad Autónoma de Murcia. La mayoría proceden de ambiente rural y nivel socioeconómico medio-bajo. El procedimiento ha sido la 'evaluación psicométrica' desde la perspectiva dinámica para observar el potencial cognitivo de aprendizaje mediante la técnica test-retest. El método de investigación es el estudio de casos. Análisis de sangre para la determinación del cariotipo. Estudio cromosómico de los padres también por medio de análisis de sangre. Análisis de tejidos (piel, gónadas, etc.) para el estudio del cariotipo. Escala de inteligencia de Weschler para la aptitud mental y la elaboración de programas de intervención educativa. Matrices progresivas de Raven para estudiar el desarrollo de la percepción y sus perturbaciones. Factor G de Catell. Análisis cualitativo de los prerrequisitos ya comentados para diseñar el programa de intervención. Análisis cualitativo y/o cuantitativo de las distintas pruebas aplicadas. En los sujetos con síndrome de Turner se ha encontrado una deficiencia general tipo 'bordeline' sobre todo en tareas de tipo manipulativo. Los déficits específicos se observan en orientación y estructuración espacial y en razonamiento lógico. En los sujetos con síndrome de Klinefelter se ha encontrado un rendimiento cognitivo levemente inferior derivado de un nivel intelectual normal-bajo con posiblidades de mejora. Este nivel normal bajo se manifiesta de forma general en las tareas de tipo verbal, siendo los déficits específicos más acentuados en lenguaje pobre y razonamiento abstracto. Desde el punto de vista de la intervención podemos concluir que el deterioro genético puede ser compensado a través de programas educativos que dotan al sujeto de un buen bagaje cognitivo para incorporarse en el entorno social. Este programa educativo se basa en el modelo de Feuerstein que permitió realizar análisis pormenorizados de los adelantos de los sujetos mediante el 'mapa cognitivo'.

Cuerpos cosificados: una lectura de Herencia de Clorinda Matto de Turner (Estudios)

En este ensayo la teoría de Karl Marx, sobre el bien de consumo y sobre los valores de uso e intercambio, así como también las reflexiones de la feminista De Luce Irigaray, expuestas en “Women on the Market”, nos ayudan a analizar las relaciones sociales en el siglo XIX y a ver al espacio de Lima como un gran mercado, en donde la sociedad burguesa hace uso de los objetos de moda para aparentar una posición social alta. En este espacio urbano, que aparece recargado de objetos de compra y venta, Margarita y Lucía se presentan como compradoras, pero no solo de objetos sino también de cuerpos, de esta manera, Margarita es un cuerpo exhibido en la gran vitrina que es Lima, en donde la clase alta debe observarla, aceptarla o rechazarla. Ella es mestiza, pero su origen no interesa, sino cómo luce su cuerpo y qué ostenta o aparenta tener, con lo cual ella, finalmente, consigue marido. En este ensayo se ve cómo el cuerpo femenino tiene un valor de intercambio, pues al ostentar puede aspirar a un candidato de clase alta también, sin embargo, en esta novela todos los cuerpos femeninos y masculinos llegan a tener un valor de uso o intercambio que no se mide por lo que se es, sino por lo que se aparenta por medio de la moda y sus lujos.

A device to improve the Schleger and Turner method for sweating rate measurements

The objective of this study was to test a device developed to improve the functionality, accuracy and precision of the original technique for sweating rate measurements proposed by Schleger and Turner [Schleger AV, Turner HG (1965) Aust J Agric Res 16:92-106]. A device was built for this purpose and tested against the original Schleger and Turner technique. Testing was performed by measuring sweating rates in an experiment involving six Mertolenga heifers subjected to four different thermal levels in a climatic chamber. The device exhibited no functional problems and the results obtained with its use were more consistent than with the Schleger and Turner technique. There was no difference in the reproducibility of the two techniques (same accuracy), but measurements performed with the new device had lower repeatability, corresponding to lower variability and, consequently, to higher precision. When utilizing this device, there is no need for physical contact between the operator and the animal to maintain the filter paper discs in position. This has important advantages: the animals stay quieter, and several animals can be evaluated simultaneously. This is a major advantage because it allows more measurements to be taken in a given period of time, increasing the precision of the observations and diminishing the error associated with temporal hiatus (e.g., the solar angle during field studies). The new device has higher functional versatility when taking measurements in large-scale studies (many animals) under field conditions. The results obtained in this study suggest that the technique using the device presented here could represent an advantageous alternative to the original technique described by Schleger and Turner.

E da fronteira veio um pioneiro : a frontier thesis de Frederick Jackson Turner (1861-1932)

O historiador Frederick Jackson Turner (1862-1931) é considerado o grande pai da historiografia moderna nos Estados Unidos. Sua frontier thesis postulava a centralidade da expansão das fronteiras ocidentais no processo de formação da nacionalidade estadunidense e na consolidação da democracia política naquela nação, abandonando uma história política factual e introduzindo uma interpretação calcada em fatores econômicos e sociais, com claras implicações presentistas. Graças a esta análise revolucionária, Turner tornou-se uma espécie de patrono da profissionalização da disciplina nos Estados Unidos, formando toda uma geração de historiadores a partir de seus seminários na Universidade Estadual do Wisconsin e em Harvard. Não só isso, mas a sua teoria encontrou apelo entre elementos da classe política e empresarial, incluindo dois Presidentes da República, Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909) e Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921). A explicação para tal sucesso pode ser encontrada na relação entre a frontier thesis e o Mito da Fronteira, através de uma narrativa que fazia uso dos ícones e imagens do Mito enquadrados em uma retórica extremamente persuasiva. Nas páginas dos escritos de Turner, os norte-americanos marcham triunfalmente em direção a conquista de todo o continente, justificada pelo seu amor à democracia e por sua devoção ao progresso material e mental dos homens. Com isso, o historiador conseguiu unir uma valorização do agrarianismo primitivo com um elogio à evolução histórica dos Estados Unidos.

Estudo do crescimento, eficiência de biofiltração e cinética de absorção de nutrientes (N-NH, N-NO e P-PO4³) da macroalga Gracilaria cervicornis (Turner) J. Agardh

The objective of this study was to examine the growth of Gracilaria cervicornis cultured in a shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) pond and to determine the absorption efficiency and the kinetics parameters (Vmax, Ks e Vmax:Ks) of this macroalgae for the nutrients N-NO3-, N-NH4+ and P-PO4-3, aiming at its use as bioremediatory of eutrophicated environments. For this study, two experiments (field and laboratory) were developed. In the field study, the seaweed was examined in relation to the growth and the biomass. In the laboratory experiment, the absorption efficiency of G. cervicornis was measured through the monitoring of the concentration of the three nutrients (N-NO3-, N-NH4+ e P-PO4-3) during 5 hours and the kinetic parameters were determined through the formula of Michaelis-Menten. The results obtained in this study demonstrated that G. cervicornis benefited from the available nutrients in the pond, increasing 52.4% of its biomass value after 30 days of culture. It was evidenced that the variability of the biomass could be explained through the salinity, availability of light (transparency and solid particle in suspension) and concentration of N-NO3- in the environment. In the laboratory experiment, the highest absorption efficiency was found in the treatments with low concentration (5 µmol.L-1), being evidenced a reduction of up to 85,3%, 97,5% and 81,2% of N-NH4+, N-NO3- and P-PO43-, respectively. Regarding the kinetic parameters, G. cervicornis presented better ability in absorbing N-NH4+ in high concentrations (Vmax = 158,5 µmol g-1 dry wt h-1) and P-PO43- in low concentrations (Ks = 5 µmol.L-1 e Vmax:Ks = 10,3). The results of this study show that G. cervicornis could be cultivated in shrimp ponds, presents a good capacity of absorption for the tested nutrients and is a promising candidate for biorremediation in shrimp pond effluent

Cardiovascular assessment of patients with Ullrich-Turner's Syndrome on Doppler echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging

OBJECTIVE: To assess the cardiovascular features of Ullrich-Turner's syndrome using echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging, and to correlate them with the phenotype and karyotype of the patients. The diagnostic concordance between the 2 methods was also assessed. METHODS: Fifteen patients with the syndrome were assessed by echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging (cardiac chambers, valves, and aorta). Their ages ranged from 10 to 28 (mean of 16.7) years. The karyotype was analyzed in 11 or 25 metaphases of peripheral blood lymphocytes, or both. RESULTS: The most common phenotypic changes were short stature and spontaneous absence of puberal development (100%); 1 patient had a cardiac murmur. The karyotypes detected were as follows: 45,X (n=7), mosaics (n=5), and deletions (n=3). No echocardiographic changes were observed. In regard to magnetic resonance imaging, coarctation and dilation of the aorta were found in 1 patient, and isolated dilation of the aorta was found in 4 patients. CONCLUSION: The frequencies of coarctation and dilation of the aorta detected on magnetic resonance imaging were similar to those reported in the literature (5.5% to 20%, and 6.3% to 29%, respectively). This confirmed the adjuvant role of magnetic resonance imaging to Doppler echocardiography for diagnosing cardiovascular alterations in patients with Ullrich-Turner's syndrome.

X monosomy and balanced Robertsonian translocation in a girl with Turner Syndrome

We describe a case of X monosomy associated with a maternally inherited t(13;14) Robertsonian translocation in a girl with Turner syndrome. The girl's X chromosome was demonstrated to be maternally inherited, ruling out the hypothesis that the translocation exerted an interchromosomal effect on the origin of the monosomy. Chromosomes 13 and 14 showed biparental inheritance.

A device to improve the Schleger and Turner method for sweating rate measurements

The objective of this study was to test a device developed to improve the functionality, accuracy and precision of the original technique for sweating rate measurements proposed by Schleger and Turner [Schleger AV, Turner HG (1965) Aust J Agric Res 16:92-106]. A device was built for this purpose and tested against the original Schleger and Turner technique. Testing was performed by measuring sweating rates in an experiment involving six Mertolenga heifers subjected to four different thermal levels in a climatic chamber. The device exhibited no functional problems and the results obtained with its use were more consistent than with the Schleger and Turner technique. There was no difference in the reproducibility of the two techniques (same accuracy), but measurements performed with the new device had lower repeatability, corresponding to lower variability and, consequently, to higher precision. When utilizing this device, there is no need for physical contact between the operator and the animal to maintain the filter paper discs in position. This has important advantages: the animals stay quieter, and several animals can be evaluated simultaneously. This is a major advantage because it allows more measurements to be taken in a given period of time, increasing the precision of the observations and diminishing the error associated with temporal hiatus (e.g., the solar angle during field studies). The new device has higher functional versatility when taking measurements in large-scale studies (many animals) under field conditions. The results obtained in this study suggest that the technique using the device presented here could represent an advantageous alternative to the original technique described by Schleger and Turner.

Estudo da microarquitetura óssea, do estado nutricional e de fatores farmacológicos na síndrome de Turner

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A insurreição contestada: William Styron e As confissões de Nat Turner

This work presents intricacies of "truth" in the historical novel Confessions of Nat Turner, by William Styron, considering the point-of-view of the novel's narrator. When speaking about the black, Styron somehow keeps the white's perspective, and also perpetuates the distance created by the slavery and segregationist system of the United States of America.

Genomic profile of a Li-Fraumeni-like syndrome patient with a 45,X/46,XX karyotype, presenting neither mutations in TP53 nor clinical stigmata of Turner syndrome

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)