Sequential Morphological Changes in the CNV Net after Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Evaluated with OCT Angiography

PURPOSE: To assess and describe sequential morphological changes in the choroidal neovascularization (CNV) net using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in patients undergoing treatment with intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). METHODS: Prospective cohort study. OCTA was performed sequentially: before (t0), 1 h (t1), 1 week (t2) and 1 month after the injection (t3), using Avanti RTVue XR equipped with the AngioVue® software (Optovue, Calif., USA). All images were classified by two independent graders. RESULTS: Ten eyes of 10 patients, with a mean age of 72.4 ± 10.5 years, were included. CNV morphology was described as tree-like in 5 eyes, glomerular in 1 and fragmented in 4. A fibrovascular capsule surrounding the CNV net was found in 4 eyes and a feeder trunk was noticed in 6. No changes were observed at t1. Loss of peripheral capillaries, vessel fragmentation and decreased vessel density were evident in 8 eyes at t2. The CNV capillary density and the peripheral anastomosis increased in all of these at t3. Two eyes remained unchanged through the whole length of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Significant changes in the CNV net can be observable in OCTA at least 1 week after intravitreal anti-VEGF. The safety of frequent examinations may provide a method of gauging treatment effects.

'An Artificial Immune System as a Recommender System for Web Sites'

Artificial Immune Systems have been used successfully to build recommender systems for film databases. In this research, an attempt is made to extend this idea to web site recommendation. A collection of more than 1000 individuals' web profiles (alternatively called preferences / favourites / bookmarks file) will be used. URLs will be classified using the DMOZ (Directory Mozilla) database of the Open Directory Project as our ontology. This will then be used as the data for the Artificial Immune Systems rather than the actual addresses. The first attempt will involve using a simple classification code number coupled with the number of pages within that classification code. However, this implementation does not make use of the hierarchical tree-like structure of DMOZ. Consideration will then be given to the construction of a similarity measure for web profiles that makes use of this hierarchical information to build a better-informed Artificial Immune System.

Production et articulation des appartenances au mouvement Slow Fashion sur Twitter

Ce mémoire explore les productions et les articulations des appartenances au mouvement Slow Fashion sur Twitter. En réaction au modèle actuel prédominant du Fast Fashion, basé sur une surproduction et une surconsommation des vêtements, le Slow Fashion sensibilise les différents acteurs du secteur de la mode à avoir une vision plus consciente des impacts de leurs pratiques sur les travailleurs, les communautés et les écosystèmes (Fletcher, 2007) et propose une décélération des cycles de production et de consommation des vêtements. L’enjeu de cette recherche est de montrer que le Slow Fashion se dessine notamment à travers les relations entres les différents acteurs sur Twitter et que l'ensemble de ces interactions prend la forme d'un rhizome, c’est-à-dire d’un système dans lequel les éléments qui le composent ne suivent aucune arborescence, aucune hiérarchie et n’émanent pas d’un seul point d’origine. (Deleuze & Guattari, 1976) Sur Twitter, les appartenances au Slow Fashion font surface, se connectent les unes aux autres par des liens de nature différente. Consommateurs, designers, entreprises, journalistes, etc., ces parties prenantes construisent collectivement le Slow Fashion comme mouvement alternatif à la mode mainstream actuelle. Mon cadre théorique s’est construit grâce à une analyse de la littérature des concepts de mode, d’identité et d’appartenance afin de mieux appréhender le contexte dans lequel le mouvement a émergé. Puis, j’ai également réalisé une étude exploratoire netnographique sur Twitter au cours de laquelle j’ai observé, tout en y participant, les interactions sur la plateforme abordant le Slow Fashion et/ou la mode éthique. Publiée sur ce blogue (http://belongingtoslowfashion.blogspot.ca), cette « creative presentation of research » (Chapman & Sawchuk, 2012) ne constitue pas une histoire présentant les prétendues origines de ce mouvement mais plutôt une photographie partielle à un certain moment du Slow Fashion. Construite tel un rhizome, elle n’a ni début, ni fin, ni hiérarchie. J’invite alors les lectrices/lecteurs à choisir n’importe quelle entrée et à délaisser toute logique linéaire et déductive. Cette exploration sera guidée par des liens hypertextes ou des annotations qui tisseront des connexions avec d’autres parties ou feront émerger d’autres questionnements. Il s’agit d’offrir une introduction aux enjeux que pose le Slow Fashion, d’ouvrir la voie à d’autres recherches et d’autres réflexions, ou encore de sensibiliser sur ce sujet.

Production et articulation des appartenances au mouvement Slow Fashion sur Twitter

Ce mémoire explore les productions et les articulations des appartenances au mouvement Slow Fashion sur Twitter. En réaction au modèle actuel prédominant du Fast Fashion, basé sur une surproduction et une surconsommation des vêtements, le Slow Fashion sensibilise les différents acteurs du secteur de la mode à avoir une vision plus consciente des impacts de leurs pratiques sur les travailleurs, les communautés et les écosystèmes (Fletcher, 2007) et propose une décélération des cycles de production et de consommation des vêtements. L’enjeu de cette recherche est de montrer que le Slow Fashion se dessine notamment à travers les relations entres les différents acteurs sur Twitter et que l'ensemble de ces interactions prend la forme d'un rhizome, c’est-à-dire d’un système dans lequel les éléments qui le composent ne suivent aucune arborescence, aucune hiérarchie et n’émanent pas d’un seul point d’origine. (Deleuze & Guattari, 1976) Sur Twitter, les appartenances au Slow Fashion font surface, se connectent les unes aux autres par des liens de nature différente. Consommateurs, designers, entreprises, journalistes, etc., ces parties prenantes construisent collectivement le Slow Fashion comme mouvement alternatif à la mode mainstream actuelle. Mon cadre théorique s’est construit grâce à une analyse de la littérature des concepts de mode, d’identité et d’appartenance afin de mieux appréhender le contexte dans lequel le mouvement a émergé. Puis, j’ai également réalisé une étude exploratoire netnographique sur Twitter au cours de laquelle j’ai observé, tout en y participant, les interactions sur la plateforme abordant le Slow Fashion et/ou la mode éthique. Publiée sur ce blogue (http://belongingtoslowfashion.blogspot.ca), cette « creative presentation of research » (Chapman & Sawchuk, 2012) ne constitue pas une histoire présentant les prétendues origines de ce mouvement mais plutôt une photographie partielle à un certain moment du Slow Fashion. Construite tel un rhizome, elle n’a ni début, ni fin, ni hiérarchie. J’invite alors les lectrices/lecteurs à choisir n’importe quelle entrée et à délaisser toute logique linéaire et déductive. Cette exploration sera guidée par des liens hypertextes ou des annotations qui tisseront des connexions avec d’autres parties ou feront émerger d’autres questionnements. Il s’agit d’offrir une introduction aux enjeux que pose le Slow Fashion, d’ouvrir la voie à d’autres recherches et d’autres réflexions, ou encore de sensibiliser sur ce sujet.

Delamination of Surfactant-Intercalated Brucite-Like Hydroxy Salts of Cobalt and Copper and Solvothermal Decomposition of the Resultant Colloidal Dispersions

Surfactant anion intercalated hydroxy salts of copper and cobalt of the formula M(OH)(2-x)(surf)(x)center dot mH(2)O [M = Cu, Co; surf = dodecyl sulfate. dodecyl benzene sulfonate. and x = 0.5 for Cu and 0.67 for Co] delaminate readily in 1-butanol to give translucent colloidal dispersions that are stable for months. The extent of delamination and the colloidal dispersion observed in these solids is higher than what had been observed for layered double hydroxides. The dispersions yield the corresponding nanoparticulate oxides on solvothermal decomposition. While the copper hydroxy salt forms similar to 300 nm dendrimer-like CuO nanostructures comprising nanorods of similar to 10 nm diameter, the cobalt analogue forms similar to 20 nm superparamagnetic particles of Co3O4.

A Plant Needs Ants like a Dog Needs Fleas: Myrmelachista schumanni Ants Gall Many Tree Species to Create Housing

Hundreds of tropical plant species house ant colonies in specialized chambers called domatia. When, in 1873, Richard Spruce likened plant-ants to fleas and asserted that domatia are ant-created galls, he incited a debate that lasted almost a century. Alth

Perovskite-Like Mixed Oxides (LaSrMn1-x Ni (x) O4+delta, 0 a parts per thousand currency sign x a parts per thousand currency sign 1) as Catalyst for Catalytic NO Decomposition: TPD and TPR Studies

Catalytic NO decomposition on LaSrMn1-x Ni (x) O4+delta (0 a parts per thousand currency sign x a parts per thousand currency sign 1) is investigated. The activity of NO decomposition increases dramatically after the substitution of Ni for Mn, but decreases when Mn is completely replaced by Ni (x = 1.0). The optimum value is at x = 0.8. These indicate that the catalytic performance of the samples is contributed by the synergistic effect of Mn and Ni. O-2-TPD and H-2-TPR experiments are carried out to explain the change of activity. The former indicates that only when oxygen vacancy is created, could the catalyst show enhanced activity for NO decomposition; the latter suggests that the best activity is obtained from catalyst with the most matched redox potentials (in this work, the biggest Delta T and Delta E values).

Active site structure of NO decomposition on perovskite(-like) oxides: An investigation from experiment and density functional theory

Active site structure for NO decomposition carried out on perovskite-like oxides were discussed based on the N-2 yield measured from LaSrNi1-x,AlxO4 with different B-site cations and from La2-ySryCuO4 with different crystal phases. Results show that the active site contains two oxygen vacancies, two transition metals, and one lattice-oxygen, with the oxygen vacancy locating on the apex of MO6 octahedron, and the lattice oxygen locating between the two transition metals (i.e., M-O-M plane). Density functional theory (DFT) analysis to the structure shows that this new active site is the most active structure for NO adsorbing, and hence, for NO decomposition. The similar trend of the relative energies that are required for the formation of oxygen vacancies with f form (calculated from DFT), the amount of oxygen vacancies, and the activities (N-2 yield) certifies this result further.

Comparative study of Nickel-based perovskite-like mixed oxide catalysts for direct decomposition of NO

The mixed oxides LaNiO3, La0.1Sr0.9NiO3, La2NiO4 and LaSrNiO4 were prepared and used as catalysts for the direct decomposition of NO. The catalysts were characterized by means of XRD, XPS, O-2-TPD, NO-TPD and chemical analysis. By comparing the physico-chemical properties and catalytic activity for NO decomposition, a conclusion could be drawn as follows. The direct decomposition of NO over perovskite and related mixed oxide catalysts follows a redox mechanism. The lower valent metal ions Ni2+ and disordered oxygen vacancies seem to be the active sites in the redox process. The oxygen vacancy plays an important role favorable for the adsorption and activation of NO molecules on one hand and on the other hand for increasing the mobility of lattice oxygen which is beneficial to the reproduction of active sites. The presence of oxygen vacancies is one of the indispensable factors to give the mixed oxides a steady activity for NO decomposition.

A Plant Needs Ants like a Dog Needs Fleas: Myrmelachista schumanni Ants Gall Many Tree Species to Create Housing

Hundreds of tropical plant species house ant colonies in specialized chambers called domatia. When, in 1873, Richard Spruce likened plant-ants to fleas and asserted that domatia are ant-created galls, he incited a debate that lasted almost a century. Although we now know that domatia are not galls and that most ant-plant interactions are mutualisms and not parasitisms, we revisit Spruce`s suggestion that ants can gall in light of our observations of the plant-ant Myrmelachista schumanni, which creates clearings in the Amazonian rain forest called ""supay-chakras,"" or ""devil`s gardens."" We observed swollen scars on the trunks of nonmyrmecophytic canopy trees surrounding supay-chakras, and within these swellings, we found networks of cavities inhabited by M. schumanni. Here, we summarize the evidence supporting the hypothesis that M. schumanni ants make these galls, and we hypothesize that the adaptive benefit of galling is to increase the amount of nesting space available to M. schumanni colonies.

Building binary-tree-based multiclass classifiers using separability measures

Various popular machine learning techniques, like support vector machines, are originally conceived for the solution of two-class (binary) classification problems. However, a large number of real problems present more than two classes. A common approach to generalize binary learning techniques to solve problems with more than two classes, also known as multiclass classification problems, consists of hierarchically decomposing the multiclass problem into multiple binary sub-problems, whose outputs are combined to define the predicted class. This strategy results in a tree of binary classifiers, where each internal node corresponds to a binary classifier distinguishing two groups of classes and the leaf nodes correspond to the problem classes. This paper investigates how measures of the separability between classes can be employed in the construction of binary-tree-based multiclass classifiers, adapting the decompositions performed to each particular multiclass problem. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Decomposition of the rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis litter at two depths

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

The reproductive biology of Cybistax antisyphilitica (Bignoniaceae), a characteristic tree of the South American savannah-like "Cerrado" vegetation

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)