Are discourse comprehension and cognitive processes influenced by the type of language language (English and Spanish)? A cross-language study based on elaborative inferences generation

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Statistical inferences in phylogeography

In conventional phylogeographic studies, historical demographic processes are elucidated from the geographical distribution of individuals represented on an inferred gene tree. However, the interpretation of gene trees in this context can be difficult as the same demographic/geographical process can randomly lead to multiple different genealogies. Likewise, the same gene trees can arise under different demographic models. This problem has led to the emergence of many statistical methods for making phylogeographic inferences. A popular phylogeographic approach based on nested clade analysis is challenged by the fact that a certain amount of the interpretation of the data is left to the subjective choices of the user, and it has been argued that the method performs poorly in simulation studies. More rigorous statistical methods based on coalescence theory have been developed. However, these methods may also be challenged by computational problems or poor model choice. In this review, we will describe the development of statistical methods in phylogeographic analysis, and discuss some of the challenges facing these methods.

Interaction among non-toxic phytoplankton, toxic phytoplankton and zooplankton: inferences from field observations

We explore the mutual dependencies and interactions among different groups of species of the plankton population, based on an analysis of the long-term field observations carried out by our group in the North–West coast of the Bay of Bengal. The plankton community is structured into three groups of species, namely, non-toxic phytoplankton (NTP), toxic phytoplankton (TPP) and zooplankton. To find the pair-wise dependencies among the three groups of plankton, Pearson and partial correlation coefficients are calculated. To explore the simultaneous interaction among all the three groups, a time series analysis is performed. Following an Expectation Maximization (E-M) algorithm, those data points which are missing due to irregularities in sampling are estimated, and with the completed data set a Vector Auto-Regressive (VAR) model is analyzed. The overall analysis demonstrates that toxin-producing phytoplankton play two distinct roles: the inhibition on consumption of toxic substances reduces the abundance of zooplankton, and the toxic materials released by TPP significantly compensate for the competitive disadvantages among phytoplankton species. Our study suggests that the presence of TPP might be a possible cause for the generation of a complex interaction among the large number of phytoplankton and zooplankton species that might be responsible for the prolonged coexistence of the plankton species in a fluctuating biomass.

Inferences about pressures and vertical extension of cloud layers from POLDER3/PARASOL measurements in the oxygen A-band

We present new inferences about cloud vertical structures from multidirectionnal measurements in the oxygen A-band. The analysis of collocated data provided by instruments onboard satellite platforms within the A-Train, as well as simulations have shown that for monolayered clouds, the cloud oxygen pressure PO2PO2 derived from the POLDER3 instrument was sensitive to the cloud vertical structure in two ways: First, PO2PO2 is actually close to the pressure of the geometrical middle of cloud and we propose a method to correct it to get the cloud top pressure (CTP), and then to obtain the cloud geometrical extent. Second, for the liquid water clouds, the angular standard deviation σPO2σPO2 of PO2PO2 is correlated with the geometrical extent of cloud layers, which makes possible a second estimation of the cloud geometrical thickness. The determination of the vertical location of cloud layers from passive measurements, eventually completed from other observations, would be useful in many applications for which cloud macrophysical properties are needed

TRANSITIVE CIRCLE EXCHANGE TRANSFORMATIONS WITH FLIPS

We study the existence of transit we exchange transformations with flips defined on the unit circle S(1). We provide a complete answer to the question of whether there exists a transitive exchange transformation of S(1) defined on a subintervals and having f flips.

Trace element geochemistry and Sr-Nd characteristics of Mesoproterozoic mafic intrusive rocks from Rondonia, Brazil, SW Amazonian Craton: Petrogenetic and tectonic inferences

The Amazonian Craton comprises an Archean domain surrounded by four successively younger Proterozoic tectonic provinces. Within the Rio-Negro-Juruena province the Serra da Providencia Intrusive Suite (1.60 and 1.53 Ga) consists of A-type rapakivi granites, charnockites and mangerites genetically associated with diabase dikes, gabbros and amphibolites lites. The original mafic melts were derived from a depleted mantle source (epsilon(Nd(T)) + 2.5 to +2.8; epsilon(Sr(T)) - 12.1). Underplated mafic magma induced melting of a short-lived fielsic crust, thus originating coeval felsic-inafic magmatism in a continental intraplate setting. The Colorado Complex, assigned to the Rondonian-San Ignacio province, comprises 1.35-1.36 Ga intrusive bimodal magmatism represented by monzonite gneisses associated with amphibolite, gabbro and metadiabase dikes intercalated with metasediments with detrital zircon that yield U-Pb ages of 1.35 to 1.42 Ga. Mafic samples display juvenile signatures (epsilon(Nd(T)) 0.0 to +5.2; epsilon(Sr(T)) -5.0 to -30.7) and are less contaminated than the Serra da Previdencia and Nova Brasiladndia ones. The generation of the basaltic magma is related to the subduction of an oceanic slab below the peridotite wedge (intraoceanic arc setting). Fluids and/or small melts from the slab impregnated the mantle. The Nova Brasilandia Sequence (Sunsas-Aguapei province) comprises a metasedimentary sequence intruded by 1.10-1.02 Ga metadiabases, gabbros, meta-gabbros, and amphibolites associated with granitic plutons (bimodal magmatism). The original tholeiitic magmas, derived from a depleted source (epsilon(Nd(T)) = +3.1 to +5.0), in a proto-oceanic setting, underwent subsequent contamination by the host rocks, as indicated by the isotopic and trace element data.

HOMEOMORPHISMS OF THE ANNULUS WITH A TRANSITIVE LIFT II

Let f be a homeomorphism of the closed annulus A that preserves the orientation, the boundary components and that has a lift (f) over tilde to the in finite strip (A) over tilde which is transitive. We show that, if the rotation number of (f) over tilde restricted to both boundary components of A is strictly positive, then there exists a closed nonempty connected set Gamma subset of (A) over tilde such that Gamma subset of] - infinity,0] x [0,1], Gamma is unbounded, the projection of to Gamma A is dense, Gamma - (1, 0) subset of Gamma and (f) over tilde(Gamma) subset of Gamma. Also, if p(1) is the projection on the first coordinate of (A) over tilde, then there exists d > 0 such that, for any (z) over tilde is an element of Gamma, lim sup (n ->infinity) p(1)((f) over tilde (n) ((Z) over tilde)) - p(1) ((Z) over tilde)/n < -d.

Homeomorphisms of the annulus with a transitive lift

Let f be a homeomorphism of the closed annulus A that preserves the orientation, the boundary components and that has a lift (f) over tilde to the infinite strip (A) over tilde which is transitive. We show that, if the rotation numbers of both boundary components of A are strictly positive, then there exists a closed nonempty unbounded set B(-) subset of (A) over tilde such that B(-) is bounded to the right, the projection of B to A is dense, B - (1, 0) subset of B and (f) over tilde (B) subset of B. Moreover, if p(1) is the projection on the first coordinate of (A) over tilde, then there exists d > 0 such that, for any (z) over tilde is an element of B(-), lim sup (n ->infinity) p1((f) over tilde (n)((z) over tilde)) - p(1) ((z) over tilde)/n < - d. In particular, using a result of Franks, we show that the rotation set of any homeomorphism of the annulus that preserves orientation, boundary components, which has a transitive lift without fixed points in the boundary is an interval with 0 in its interior.