Toward alignment of carbon standards under the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership

With its wide coverage of economic spheres and the variety of trade and investment measures currently under negotiation, the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) opens windows of opportunity for climate change mitigation and adaptation. The paper examines the possible avenues and the WTO law implications for the alignment of emissions standards between the European Union (EU) and United States of America (US). Looking particularly at the automobile sector, it argues that TTIP negotiators should strive for the mutual recognition of equivalence of EU and US car emissions standards, while pursuing full harmonisation in the long term. It concludes that the preferential trade agreement (PTA) status of TTIP would not be able to exempt measures taken for regulatory convergence from compliance with applicable WTO rules, particularly the rules of the WTO’s Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT). Furthermore, the EU and the US would not be able to ignore requests for the recognition of equivalence of third countries’ standards and would need to provide the grounds upon which they assess third countries’ standards as not adequately fulfilling the objectives of their own regulations and therefore rejecting them.

Examining the Impact of Carbon Tariffs on Trade

Anirudh Shingal presents at the joint NCCR Trade Regulation/NCCR Climate Workshop on “Border measures and the PPM issue in the context of climate change”. This presentation explores the possibility of a unilateral tariff increase on the imports of the most carbon-intensive products (identified from literature) from countries non-committed to climate-friendly polices in a bid to push them towards “global” climate policies. The presentation provides a first look at the empirical model to be used as well as the choice of trading partners, carbon-intensive products and the time period. Preliminary statistical analysis undertaken reveals the importance of these products in the trade flows of both importing and exporting countries as well as the existence of low tariffs (on these products) in destination markets.

Trade policy and export activity in the Mexican manufacturing sector /

Cover title.

North American Free Trade Agreement between the government of the United States of America, the government of Canada, and the government of the United Mexican States.

Shipping list no. 93-0534-P.

The Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations : report of the Investment Policy Advisory Committee (INPAC).

"January 1994."

The Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations : report of the Defense Policy Advisory Committee Trade (DPACT) [sic].

Item 0857-G-01.

Statutes and decisions pertaining to the Federal Trade Commission.

Mode of access: Internet.

Statutes and court decisions pertaining to the Federal Trade Commission.

Mode of access: Internet.

Report of the United States Trade Representative's Intergovernmental Policy Advisory Committee (IGPAC), to the agreements reached in the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations : submitted to the Congress, January 14, 1994.

Shipping list no.: 94-0061-P.

A report to the President, the Congress, and the United States Trade Representative concerning the Uruguay Round of negotiations on the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade /

"January 15, 1994."

Multilateral trade negotiations briefing [microform] : hearing before the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, United States Senate, Ninety-sixth Congress, first session, February 26, 1979.

Reuse of record except for individual research requires license from Congressional Information Service, Inc.

Federal Trade Commission decisions.

Latest issue consulted: Vol. 121 (Jan. 1, 1996 to June 30, 1996).

Statutes and court decisions pertaining to the Federal Trade Commission.

Title varies slightly.

The 1988 Trade Bill.

Mode of access: Internet.

Trade restraints and the competitive status of the textile, apparel, and nonrubber-footwear industries.

Mode of access: Internet.