Map (printed) of the Shipman Tract in the Town of St. Catharines

Map (printed) of the Shipman Tract in the Town of St. Catharines, 38 cm. x 48 cm., April 1846.

Mineralised organic remains from cesspits at the Roman town of Silchester: Processes and preservation

Mineralised organic remains (including apple pips and cereal grains) collected during the ongoing excavations of Insula IX at the Roman town of Silchester, Hampshire have been analysed by a combination of SEM-EDX, powder XRD and IR spectroscopy. The experiments included mapping experiments using spatially resolved versions of each technique. IR and powder XRD mapping have been carried out utilising the synchrotron source at The Daresbury Laboratory oil stations 11.1 and 9.6. It is concluded that these samples are preserved by rapid mineralisation in the carbonate-substituted calcium phosphate mineral, dahllite. The rapid mineralisation leads to excellent preservation of the samples and a small crystal size. The value of IR spectroscopy in studying materials like this where the crystal size is small is demonstrated. A comparison is made between the excellent preservation seen in this context and the much poorer preservation of mineralised remains seen in Context 5276 or Cesspit 5251. Comments on the possible mechanism of mineralisation of these samples are made. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved.

Mineralised organic remains from cesspits at the Roman town of Silchester: processes and preservation

Mineralised organic remains (including apple pips and cereal grains) collected during the ongoing excavations of Insula IX at the Roman town of Silchester, Hampshire have been analysed by a combination of SEM-EDX, powder XRD and IR spectroscopy. The experiments included mapping experiments using spatially resolved versions of each technique. IR and powder XRD mapping have been carried out utilising the synchrotron source at The Daresbury Laboratory oil stations 11.1 and 9.6. It is concluded that these samples are preserved by rapid mineralisation in the carbonate-substituted calcium phosphate mineral, dahllite. The rapid mineralisation leads to excellent preservation of the samples and a small crystal size. The value of IR spectroscopy in studying materials like this where the crystal size is small is demonstrated. A comparison is made between the excellent preservation seen in this context and the much poorer preservation of mineralised remains seen in Context 5276 or Cesspit 5251. Comments on the possible mechanism of mineralisation of these samples are made. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved.

Roman diet and trade: evidence from organic residues on pottery sherds recovered at the Roman town of Calleva Atrebatum (Silchester Hants.)

The analysis of organic residues from pottery sherds using Gas-Chromatography with mass-spectroscopy (GC-MS) has revealed information about the variety of foods eaten and domestic routine at Silchester between the second and fourth–sixth centuries A.D. Two results are discussed in detail: those of a second-century Gauloise-type amphora and a fourth-century SE Dorset black-burnished ware (BB1) cooking pot, which reveal the use of pine pitch on the inner surface of the amphora and the use of animal fats (ruminant adipose fats) and leafy vegetables in cooking at the Roman town of Silchester, Hants.

Analysis of wall plasters and natural sediments from the Neolithic town of Çatalhöyük (Turkey) by a range of analytical techniques

Wall plaster sequences from the Neolithic town of Çatalhöyük have been analysed and compared to three types of natural sediment found in the vicinity of the site, using a range of analytical techniques. Block samples containing the plaster sequences were removed from the walls of several different buildings on the East Mound. Sub-samples were examined by IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence to determine the overall mineralogical and elemental composition, whilst thin sections were studied using optical polarising microscopy, IR Microscopy and Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis. The results of this study have shown that there are two types of wall plaster found in the sequences and that the sediments used to produce these were obtained from at least two distinct sources. In particular, the presence of clay, calcite and magnesian calcite in the foundation plasters suggested that these were prepared predominantly from a marl source. On the other hand, the finishing plasters were found to contain dolomite with a small amount of clay and no calcite, revealing that softlime was used in their preparation. Whilst marl is located directly below and around Çatalhöyük, the nearest source of softlime is 6.5 km away, an indication that the latter was important to the Neolithic people, possibly due to the whiter colour (5Y 8/1) of this sediment. Furthermore, the same two plaster types were found on each wall of Building 49, the main building studied in this research, and in all five buildings investigated, suggesting that the use of these sources was an established practice for the inhabitants of several different households across the site.

Problemas económico-sociales sobre migración y urbanización en la ciudad de Esmeraldas, República del Ecuador = Socio-economic problems of migration and urbanization in the town of Esmeraldas, Ecuador

Los documentos del Seminario fueron publicados por UNESCO en 1961 con el título: La urbanización en América Latina/Urbanization in Latin America

Territorial assemblages and Governance : The example of the Taonaba project [Town of Abymes, Guadeloupe]

This article reports on an action research to support the urban community of Cap Excellence in Guadaloupe in its local sustainable development project. After summarizing the terms of the debate around sustainable development, and presenting the region, the search will be put back into the context of a more general approach of territorial* intelligence (TI). The limits of a local Agenda 21 in the form of a 'programmed action plan' is the chance to enhance the concept of TI with that of territorial assemblage. Our study area is the natural reserve of the Grand Cul-de-Sac Marin of Guadeloupe, the second largest biosphere reserve designated by UNESCO in the archipelago of the Petites Antilles, more specifically the implementation of the Taonaba project, whose goal is to launch an ecotourism visitors' centre, operational at the end of 2012. Based on the analysis of a large amount of data, the article describes an evaluation tool for territorial assemblages for participative territorial governance. Our results were presented to local government officials in the Urban Sustainable Development Forum, which our group organised from 2 to 4 April 2012, in the district of Abymes/Pointe-à-Pitre

Territorial assemblages and Governance : The example of the Taonaba project [Town of Abymes, Guadeloupe]

This article reports on an action research to support the urban community of Cap Excellence in Guadaloupe in its local sustainable development project. After summarizing the terms of the debate around sustainable development, and presenting the region, the search will be put back into the context of a more general approach of territorial* intelligence (TI). The limits of a local Agenda 21 in the form of a 'programmed action plan' is the chance to enhance the concept of TI with that of territorial assemblage. Our study area is the natural reserve of the Grand Cul-de-Sac Marin of Guadeloupe, the second largest biosphere reserve designated by UNESCO in the archipelago of the Petites Antilles, more specifically the implementation of the Taonaba project, whose goal is to launch an ecotourism visitors' centre, operational at the end of 2012. Based on the analysis of a large amount of data, the article describes an evaluation tool for territorial assemblages for participative territorial governance. Our results were presented to local government officials in the Urban Sustainable Development Forum, which our group organised from 2 to 4 April 2012, in the district of Abymes/Pointe-à-Pitre

Territorial assemblages and Governance : The example of the Taonaba project [Town of Abymes, Guadeloupe]

This article reports on an action research to support the urban community of Cap Excellence in Guadaloupe in its local sustainable development project. After summarizing the terms of the debate around sustainable development, and presenting the region, the search will be put back into the context of a more general approach of territorial* intelligence (TI). The limits of a local Agenda 21 in the form of a 'programmed action plan' is the chance to enhance the concept of TI with that of territorial assemblage. Our study area is the natural reserve of the Grand Cul-de-Sac Marin of Guadeloupe, the second largest biosphere reserve designated by UNESCO in the archipelago of the Petites Antilles, more specifically the implementation of the Taonaba project, whose goal is to launch an ecotourism visitors' centre, operational at the end of 2012. Based on the analysis of a large amount of data, the article describes an evaluation tool for territorial assemblages for participative territorial governance. Our results were presented to local government officials in the Urban Sustainable Development Forum, which our group organised from 2 to 4 April 2012, in the district of Abymes/Pointe-à-Pitre