Maturação e aquisição de tolerância à dessecação de sementes de Annona emarginata (Shltdl.) H. Rainer

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Improved pretreatments applied to the sugarcane bagasse and release of lignin and hemicellulose from the cellulose-enriched fractions by sulfuric acid hydrolysis

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Influência do desponte de panículas de sorgo sacarino sobre a qualidade da matéria-prima e produção de bioetanol

Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agropecuária - FCAV

Pré-tratamento do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar, hidrólise e sua caracterização química e estrutural, visando a produção de etanol de segunda geração

Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia - IQ

Análise isotópica, físico-química, centesimal e energética de água de coco

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Chemico-technological parameters and maturation curves of sweet sorghum genotypes for bioethanol production

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Efeito de parâmetros variáveis de fermentação sobre o crescimento celular e composição química do fermentado de batata-doce

This study aimed to evaluate the use of sweet potato as a substrate for the production of spirits. In order to promote an alternative technologically feasible, an experimental design was performed to minimize the operations of preparation, defining the most adequate conditions for the fermentation process. From sweet potato flour obtained by milling and dehydration process of the roots was carried out an enzymatic process of hydrolysis-saccharification of suspension of sweet potato flour with 18% dry matter. The hydrolyzate was used in the fermentation process which followed the 23 full factorial experimental design with central and axial points, and the independent variables were the concentration of reducing sugars, concentration of viable yeast and fermentation temperature. The dependent variables were viable cells, residual sugar, ethanol, glycerol and methanol. The dependent variables were quantified by liquid chromatography. The data analysis indicate that the best fermentation conditions among the tested conditions were: concentration of yeast 5 x 107-1 x 108 in number of viable cells, total reducing sugars from 12.5 to 13.5% and temperature between 33 -34ºC.

Caracterização química e sensorial de bebida mista de soja e uva

The aim of this study was to produce mix beverages of grape juice and soybean hydrosoluble extract (SHE) in laboratory scale. The raw materials were soybean (variety BRS 213), grape (species Vitis labrusca, variety Niagara Rosada), citric pectin, water and sugar. The mix beverage was produced with different proportions of SHE and grape juice (1:1; 1:1.5 and 1:2; respectively; m/m) and different soluble solids concentrations (10, 12 and 14 °Brix) obtained by adding granulated sugar (sucrose). Soybean hydrosoluble extract, grape juice and mix beverages were chemically analyzed (humidity, ash, protein, lipids, carbohydrate, reducing sugars, total reducing sugars, sucrose, titratable acidity and pH). The mix beverages were sensorial analyzed through the acceptance test (hedonic scale). The results of chemically analyzed were expressed as mean and standard deviation and the results of sensorial analyzed were submitted to variance analysis and the means were compared using the Tukey test at 5% of probability. The pH of mix beverages was lower than 3.9, without addition of acidulants. Sugar addition to mix beverages (10; 12 and 14ºBrix) increased the levels of soluble solids, total reducing sugar and carbohydrates, but it did not interfere in the reducing sugar concentration. The increased proportion of grape juice in mix beverages allowed observing the elevation of titratable acidity and reducing sugars levels, as well as the pH reduction. The increase of grape juice in mix beverage did not interfere in the acceptance of mix beverages. The more sweetened beverages were preferred by the sensory panel.

Qualidade da cachaça em função do tratamento do caldo e tipo de fermento

Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agropecuária - FCAV

Pré-tratamento do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar, hidrólise e sua caracterização química e estrutural, visando a produção de etanol de segunda geração

Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia - IQ

Avaliação da contaminação conjunta de Dekkera bruxellensis e Lactobacillus fermentum sobre a fermentação alcoólica: efeito do substrato e formas de controle

As contaminações por leveduras selvagens e por bactérias no processo de produção de etanol combustível no Brasil causam prejuízos ao rendimento fermentativo e aumento de custos pelo uso de biocidas. No entanto, poucos estudos tem focado no efeito das contaminações conjuntas de leveduras selvagens e bactérias e as possíveis interações entre os micro-organismos, especialmente em função dos diferentes substratos de fermentação e das formas de controle. Este trabalho teve por objetivos verificar o efeito do substrato (caldo de cana e melaço) sobre o desenvolvimento das contaminações pela levedura da espécie Dekkera bruxellensis e pela bactéria Lactobacillus fermentum, em co-culturas com Saccharomyces cerevisiae (linhagem industrial PE-2) e possíveis formas de controle do crescimento dos contaminantes (pelo uso de metabissulfito de potássio e adição de etanol ao tratamento ácido) sem afetar a levedura do processo. Os testes foram realizados em condições de crescimento (substrato com 4 °Brix, culturas agitadas) e fermentação com reciclo celular (substrato com 16 °Brix, culturas estáticas). Houve interação entre as leveduras e a bactéria quando crescidas em caldo de cana 4 °Brix. A levedura industrial não foi afetada pela presença dos micro-organismos contaminantes, no entanto, para D. bruxellensis a presença de L. fermentum interferiu positivamente no crescimento, com aumento no número de UFC, e consequentemente inibição do crescimento da bactéria. Em melaço, houve um estímulo ao crescimento de L. fermentum quando em co-cultura com S. cerevisiae. Houve influência das contaminações sobre os parâmetros avaliados no experimento (pH, açúcar redutor total, etanol, glicerol e crescimento das células) e a contaminação conjunta de L. fermentum e D. bruxellensis potencializou o efeito das contaminações pelos micro-organismos isoladamente, tanto em caldo quanto em melaço. A adição de 13% de etanol à solução de ácido sulfúrico pH 2,0 no tratamento celular resultou em uma diminuição significativa no número de UFC de D. bruxellensis (entre 90-99%). A levedura PE-2 foi pouco afetada pelo tratamento proposto. A bactéria L. fermentum teve seu crescimento afetado em todas as combinações testadas. Como os experimentos foram feitos em co-culturas, verificouse que pode haver influência de um micro-organismo sobre a viabilidade do outro, dependendo da reação ao tratamento ácido-etanol. O metabissulfito de potássio (MBP), no intervalo entre 200-400 mg/L, foi eficaz para controlar o crescimento de D. bruxellensis dependendo do meio de cultura e linhagem. Quando adicionado (250 mg/L) à solução ácida (pH 2,0) no tratamento celular, um efeito significativo foi observado nas culturas mistas, pois ocorreu a inativação do SO2 pela S. cerevisiae e uma provável proteção das células de D. bruxellensis, não sendo essa levedura prejudicada pelo MBP. A resposta fisiológica de S. cerevisiae na presença de MBP pode explicar a diminuição significativa na produção de etanol. Quando o MBP foi adicionado ao meio de fermentação, resultou no controle da D. bruxellensis mas não em sua morte, com efeito menos intensivo sobre a eficiência fermentativa. Em cocultura com a adição de MBP, a eficiência fermentativa foi significativamente menor do que na ausência de MBP.

Determinação a baixo custo de açúcares redutores totais em caldo-de-cana, empregando sistemas de análise por injeção em fluxo com o uso de DNS

Determinação a baixo custo de açúcares redutores totais em caldo-de-cana, empregando sistema de análise por injeção em fluxo com o uso de DNS Um sistema de análise por injeção em fluxo foi utilizado para a determinação de açúcares redutores totais em caldo-de-cana. O método é baseado na hidrólise da sacarose, seguido da oxidação dos açúcares redutores pelo ácido 3,5-dinitrosalicílico (DNS) em meio alcalino, e determinação espectrofotométrica em 510 nm. Visando obter melhor sensibilidade e seletividade, os parâmetros volume de amostra e comprimento dos reatores foram estudados para avaliar o comportamento das curvas analíticas. Foram utilizados mini-compressores de aquários no lugar de bomba peristálticas e cela espectrofotométrica em acrílico no lugar de cela de vidro importada, a fim de minimizar o consumo de reagentes e o custo do sistema FIA. O presente sistema foi comparado ao método Lane-Eynon recomendado pelo Ministério da Agricultura. Usando o teste-t, não foram constatadas diferenças significativas entre os resultados dos dois métodos, sendo que os desvios relativos foram ao redor de 1%. O método permite analisar cerca de 14 amostras h-1 com desvio padrão relativo inferior a 1,35%.

Polpa de jambolão (Eugenia jambolana Lam.) fresca e desidratada: características físico-químicas, bioativas e funcionais, efeitos biológicos em Caenorhabditis elegans e uso para produção de frozen yogurt caprino probiótico

This work evaluated the fresh, spray dried (with 10 % of Arabic Gum) and freeze dried jambolan pulp (Eugenia jambolana Lam.) in regard to physicochemical (pH, moisture, water activity, average particle diameter, solubility and color), bioactive [total phenolic content (TPC), monomeric anthocyanin, pronathocyanidin (PA), total elagic acid (TEA), myricetin and cyanidin] and in vitro functionality (antioxidant, antienzymatic and antimicrobial activities]. In addition, the in vivo functionality of jambolan pulp was investigated using the Caenorhabditis elegans model for insulin signaling, longevity and induced neurodegeneration (Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease related symptoms). The dried jambolan pulp presented TPC retention (50% to 75%), PA (90% to 98%), TEA (31% to 83%), myricetin (40% to 84%), cyanidin (72% to 84%) and antioxidant activity (15%). The fresh jambolan pulp, the freeze dried pulp and the spray dried jambolan pulp presented high enzymatic inhibitory activity against pancreatic lipase (4,4 to 5,8 mg/mL), alpha-glycosidase (10,3 to 13,8 mg/mL) and alpha-amylase (8,9 to 11,2 mg/mL). They also were active inhibitors against the pathogen S. aureus. The dried jambolan experimental samples were able to increase the expression of several genes linked to the insulin signaling pathways (SIR-2.1, PPTR-1, DAF-16, SOD-3, e CTL) and increased the lifespan in C. elegans (18,07 % - 24,34 %), besides decreasing the amyloid AB1-42 aggregation induced paralysis and MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) induced neurodegeneration. Based on that, the jambolan pulp and the spray dried jambolan pulp were further selected for the production of caprine frozen yogurt with the addition of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BI-07. The final product were evaluated in regard to their physicochemical (pH, acidity, total solids, protein, total reducing sugars, fat, ashes, overrun, melting test), bioactive (TPC and monomeric anthocyanin, antioxidant activity, probiotic viability and sensory analysis (sensory acceptance). The results showed that samples with probiotic had lowest pH and higher acidity, TPC, anthocyanin and antioxidant activity. It was also observed low overrun (14.2% to 22.6%). vi Samples with probiotic had lower flavor scores. Overall, this research presents the jambolan as a highly functional bioactive-rich fruit with the potential to modulate important biological pathways, extend lifespan and retard the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Jambolan is an underexploited exotic fruit with a high colorant potential and this thesis shows for the first time in the literature important technological, biological and scientific data about this fruit that could be used towards the development of health-oriented food products.

Avaliação da influência de surfactantes químico e biológico na hidrólise enzimática de casca de coco verde após pré-tratamento ácido/alcalino e com peróxido de hidrogênio alcalino

In Brazil many types of bioproducts and agroindustrial waste are generated currently, such as cacashew apple bagasse and coconut husk, for example. The final disposal of these wastes causes serious environmental issues. In this sense, waste lignocellulosic content, as the shell of the coconut is a renewable and abundant raw material in which its use has an increased interest mainly for the 2nd generation ethanol production. The hydrolysis of cellulose to reducing sugars such as glucose and xylose is catalysed by a group of enzymes called cellulases. However, the main bottleneck in the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose is the significant deactivation of the enzyme that shows irreversible adsorption mechanism leading to reduction of the cellulose adsorption onto cellulose. Studies have shown that the use of surfactants can modify the surface property of the cellulose therefore minimizing the irreversible binding. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of chemical and biological surfactants during the hydrolysis of coconut husk which was subjected to two pre-treatment in order to improve the accessibility of the enzymes to the cellulose, removing this way, part of the lignin and hemicellulose present in the structure of the material. The pre-treatments applied to coconut bagasse were: Acid/Alkaline using 0.6M H2SO4 followed by 1M NaOH, and the one with Alkaline Hydrogen Peroxide at a concentration of 7.35% (v/v) and pH 11.5. Both the material no treatment and pretreated were characterized using analysis of diffraction X-ray (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and methods established by NREL. The influence of both surfactants, chemical and biological, was used at concentrations below the critical micelle concentration (CMC), and the concentrations equal to the CMC. The application of pre-treatment with coconut residue was efficient for the conversion to glucose, as well as for the production of total reducing sugars, it was possible to observe that the pretreatment fragmented the structure as well as disordered the fibers. Regarding XRD analysis, a significant increase in crystallinity index was observed for pretreated bagasse acid/alkali (51.1%) compared to the no treatment (31.7%), while that for that treated with PHA, the crystallinity index was slightly lower, around 29%. In terms of total reducing sugars it was not possible to observe a significant difference between the hydrolysis carried out without the use of surfactant compared to the addition of Triton and rhamnolipid. However, by observing the conversions achieved during the hydrolysis, it was noted that the best conversion was using the rhamnolipíd for the husk pretreated with acid/alkali, reaching a value of 33%, whereas using Triton the higher conversion was 23.8%. The coconut husk is a residue which can present a high potential to the 2nd generation ethanol production, being the rhamonolipid a very efficient biosurfactant for use as an adjuvant in the enzymatic process in order to act on the material structure reducing its recalcitrance and therefore improving the conditions of access for enzymes to the substrate increasing thus the conversion of cellulose to glucose.

Avaliação da influência de surfactantes químico e biológico na hidrólise enzimática de casca de coco verde após pré-tratamento ácido/alcalino e com peróxido de hidrogênio alcalino

In Brazil many types of bioproducts and agroindustrial waste are generated currently, such as cacashew apple bagasse and coconut husk, for example. The final disposal of these wastes causes serious environmental issues. In this sense, waste lignocellulosic content, as the shell of the coconut is a renewable and abundant raw material in which its use has an increased interest mainly for the 2nd generation ethanol production. The hydrolysis of cellulose to reducing sugars such as glucose and xylose is catalysed by a group of enzymes called cellulases. However, the main bottleneck in the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose is the significant deactivation of the enzyme that shows irreversible adsorption mechanism leading to reduction of the cellulose adsorption onto cellulose. Studies have shown that the use of surfactants can modify the surface property of the cellulose therefore minimizing the irreversible binding. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of chemical and biological surfactants during the hydrolysis of coconut husk which was subjected to two pre-treatment in order to improve the accessibility of the enzymes to the cellulose, removing this way, part of the lignin and hemicellulose present in the structure of the material. The pre-treatments applied to coconut bagasse were: Acid/Alkaline using 0.6M H2SO4 followed by 1M NaOH, and the one with Alkaline Hydrogen Peroxide at a concentration of 7.35% (v/v) and pH 11.5. Both the material no treatment and pretreated were characterized using analysis of diffraction X-ray (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and methods established by NREL. The influence of both surfactants, chemical and biological, was used at concentrations below the critical micelle concentration (CMC), and the concentrations equal to the CMC. The application of pre-treatment with coconut residue was efficient for the conversion to glucose, as well as for the production of total reducing sugars, it was possible to observe that the pretreatment fragmented the structure as well as disordered the fibers. Regarding XRD analysis, a significant increase in crystallinity index was observed for pretreated bagasse acid/alkali (51.1%) compared to the no treatment (31.7%), while that for that treated with PHA, the crystallinity index was slightly lower, around 29%. In terms of total reducing sugars it was not possible to observe a significant difference between the hydrolysis carried out without the use of surfactant compared to the addition of Triton and rhamnolipid. However, by observing the conversions achieved during the hydrolysis, it was noted that the best conversion was using the rhamnolipíd for the husk pretreated with acid/alkali, reaching a value of 33%, whereas using Triton the higher conversion was 23.8%. The coconut husk is a residue which can present a high potential to the 2nd generation ethanol production, being the rhamonolipid a very efficient biosurfactant for use as an adjuvant in the enzymatic process in order to act on the material structure reducing its recalcitrance and therefore improving the conditions of access for enzymes to the substrate increasing thus the conversion of cellulose to glucose.