Caracterização do genoma de tumores bem diferenciados da tireóide por hibridização genômica comparativa em matriz (aCGH)

Os tumores bem diferenciados da tireóide representam mais de 95% das neoplasias malignas da glândula. A identificação pré-operatória dos carcinomas papilíferos está bem estabelecida através dos métodos de Punção aspirativa por Agulha fina e Ultrassonografia, com quase 100% de acurácia, enquanto os tumores foliculares significam um dilema para o cirurgião, visto que os métodos existentes não conseguem determinar com eficiência o diagnóstico sendo que 60-80% dos casos operados são benignos. Dessa forma, com o intuito de se analisar alterações genômicas do tipo variações no número de cópias (CNVs) que possam diferenciar esse tumor de outros tipos de doenças da tireóide, foram analisados 13 pacientes com doença tireoidiana (3 bócios, 2 hiperplasias, 4 adenomas foliculares e 4 carcinomas foliculares ) mais 1 individuo sadio através do método de aCGH, para identificação de CNVs que pudessem determinar com eficiência a presença de carcinoma folicular. Os achados foram confrontados com dados de carcinomas papilífero clássico (4 pacientes) e variante folicular (2 pacientes). Foram encontradas 725 CNVs na amostra, 703 dos pacientes com patologia. Dentre estas foram selecionadas 18 regiões mais frequentes. Houve um padrão de amplificação maior em pacientes jovens com adenomas e deleção em pacientes mais velhos. Os pacientes com carcinoma apresentaram taxas de CNVs muito próximas. Os carcinomas foliculares apresentaram padrões exclusivos de alteração nos cromossomos 8 e 12. Concluímos, assim, que os carcinomas foliculares da tireoide são uma patologia com um padrão exclusivo de alterações, não havendo correlação de progressão tumoral a partir de adenomas foliculares, sendo que duas regiões -8p22 e 12p13.32-p13.33, estão presentes em 100% e 75% das amostras respectivamente, podendo ser fortes candidatos a marcadores desse tipo tumoral.

Eletrofisiologia da visão em modelo experimental de ratos com diabetes e hipotireoidismo

O diabetes mellitus constitui um problema de saúde pública mundial devido ao seu potencial de morbidade e mortalidade. Esta patologia é caracterizada como uma desordem metabólica com hiperglicemia crônica, resultado de uma deficiência absoluta ou relativa na secreção e/ou ação da insulina. Associado a esse quadro, problemas com a tireoide são frequentemente encontrados em pacientes acometidos por diabetes, principalmente com o avançar da idade. Além disso, há um corpo de conhecimento que descreve que tanto o diabetes quanto o hipotiroidismo provocam isoladamente perdas visuais, no entanto, não há muitas publicações acerca da fisiologia envolvendo em conjunto ambas patologias com as complicações visuais. O presente trabalho objetivou investigar questões relevantes para uma compreensão mais detalhada do quadro de evolução do comprometimento retiniano em modelos animais acometidos concomitantemente por duas doenças: diabetes e hipotireoidismo. Para isso, foram utilizados 50 ratos Wistar machos (Rattus norvegicus), com dois meses de idade, pesando entre 80 a 120 gramas, divididos em quatro grupos: um grupo controle sem procedimentos; um grupo com hipotireoidismo optando por um modelo experimental de tireoidectomia bilateral; um grupo com diabetes, com aplicação de 200 mg/Kg a 2% de Aloxana; e dois grupos com as duas patologias, adotando ambos os procedimentos experimentais, alterando a sequência das patologias em questão. Nos grupos estudados foi utilizado para avaliar as alterações visuais, um método não invasivo amplamente utilizado no meio acadêmico que é o eletrorretinograma (ERG) em diferentes períodos de 30, 45 e 60 dias. Assim, encontramos uma diminuição da amplitude média da onda-a dos animais nos grupos com diabetes e com as duas patologias em todos os registros realizados, os que apresentaram maiores diferenças estatísticas foram em relação ao registro de estocópica máxima, como também diferença no potencial oscilatório de ambos os grupos com as duas patologias. Os resultados obtidos dão suporte à hipótese que as duas patologias concomitantes (diabetes e hipotireoidismo) diminuem significativamente as respostas do ERG.

Frequency of various types of neoplasia in a group of acromegalic patients

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of colon cancer, primary hyperparathyroidism, thyroid tumor, and skin cancer in all acromegalic patients in follow-up at the Clinics Hospital - Botucatu Medical School, from 2005 to 2011. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: These patients were evaluated retrospectively for colon cancer, primary hyperparathyroidism, dermatological, and thyroid tumors. RESULTS: Of 29 patients included at the beginning of the study, two were excluded. Among 19 patients submitted to colonoscopy, one presented colon adenocarcinoma (5%). Thyroid nodules were present in 63% of patients, and papilliferous carcinoma was confirmed in two patients (7,7%). Four patients were confirmed as having primary hyperparathyroidism (15%). The most common dermatologic lesions were thickened skin (100%), acrochordons (64%), epidermal cysts (50%), and pseudo-acanthosis nigricans (50%). Only one patient presented basal cell carcinoma. CONCLUSION: Although a small number of acromegalic patients was studied, our findings confirm the high frequency of thyroid neoplasias and primary hyperparathyroidism in this group of patients.

Avaliação dos aspectos dosimétricos no tratamento de câncer de tireóide com Iodo-131

The 131I (radioactive iodine) is one of the most used radionuclides in nuclear medicine for diagnosis and treatment. The present study evaluates the dosimetric aspects related to radioiodine therapy after thyroidectomy in patients with thyroid cancer. The samples were studied with 50 patients undergoing treatment, by assessing the exposures of workers (nursing assistants, staff hygiene, medical and physical), the general public (accompanying and family members) and on the environment. To evaluate the workers, was made a survey of the environmental conditions of the room radioiodine and routines adopted by them during the treatment period. Estimating the dose equivalent per month for each employee, we observed that the maximum levels obtained for nursing assistants, the team of hygiene, medical and physicians were considered low in relation to the extent permitted by law. In order to assess the public, some situations have been suggested for the calculation of equivalent doses in which it was possible to verify the fundamental importance of isolating the patient in the 2 days first. Regarding the environment, the radioactive waste generated by patient had volume of 1.0 m3 and activity estimated at 0.91 mCi, taking a decay time for eliminating them about 75 days to reach the allowable value of 2 μCi / kg system of collecting garbage. Therefore, all radioactive waste removed from the patient's room should be sent to the warehouse for temporary storage of radioactive waste, located away from normal work areas

Efeito protetor da coenzima Q10 sobre os danos oxidativos da L-Tiroxina no músculo sóleo de ratos: Fabiana Barreiro de Freitas Silva. -

Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal - FMVA

Aspectos da fisiopatologia da sepse em Piaractus mesopotamicus induzida por Aeromonas hydrophila

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Efeito da coenzima Q10 nos danos oxidativos induzidos pela L-tiroxina no músculo sóleo de ratos

Introduction: skeletal muscles are dynamic tissue that can change their phenotypic characteristics providing a better functional adaptation to different stimuli. L-thyroxine is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland and has been used as an experimental model for stimulation of oxidative stress in skeletal muscle. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a fat-soluble provitamin endogenously synthesized and found naturally in foods such red meat, fish, cereals, broccoli and spinach. It has antioxidant properties and potential in the treatment of degenerative and neuromuscular diseases. Objective: to evaluate the protective effect of CoQ10 in the soleus muscle of rats against the oxidative damage caused by L-thyroxine. Methods: the rats were divided in four groups of six animals each: Group 1 (control); Group 2 (coenzyme Q10); Group 3 (L-thyroxine), and Group 4 coenzyme Q10 and L-thyroxine). After euthanasia, blood was collected and serum activity of the enzymes creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was analyzed. In the soleus muscle homogenates the factors related to oxidative stress were assessed. Results: CoQ10 protected the soleus muscle against the damage caused by L-thyroxine and favored the maintenance of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase, the concentration of decreased and oxidized glutathione, and prevented lipid peroxidation. Conclusion: the results indicate that CoQ10 protects rat soleus muscle from oxidative damage caused by L-thyroxine.

Avaliação ultrassonográfica de crianças com hipotireoidismo congênito

To establish benchmarks and study some sonographic characteristics of the thyroid gland in a group of euthyroid children aged up to 5 years as compared with age-matched children with congenital hypothyroidism. Thirty-six children (17 female and 19 male) aged between 2 months and 5 years were divided into two groups - 23 euthyroid children and 13 children with congenital hypothyroidism - and were called to undergo ultrasonography. In the group of euthyroid children (n = 23), mean total volume of the thyroid gland was 1.12 mL (minimum, 0.39 mL; maximum, 2.72 mL); a homogeneous gland was found in 17 children (73.91%) and 6 children (26.08%) had a heterogeneous gland. In the group of children with congenital hypothyroidism (n = 13), mean total volume of the thyroid gland was 2.73 mL (minimum, 0.20 mL; maximum, 11.00 mL). As regards thyroid location, 3 patients (23.07%) had ectopic thyroid, and 10 (69.23%) had topic thyroid, and out of the latter, 5 had a homogeneous gland (50%) and 5, a heterogeneous gland (50%). In the group with congenital hypothyroidism, 6 (46.15%) children had etiological diagnosis of dyshormoniogenesis, 3 (23.07%), of ectopic thyroid, and 4 (30.76%), of thyroid hypoplasia. Thyroid ultrasonography is a noninvasive imaging method, widely available, easy to perform and for these reasons could, and should, be performed at any time, including at birth, with no preparation or treatment discontinuation, to aid in the early etiological definition of congenital hypothyroidism.

Tiouréia no desenvolvimento de girinos de rã-touro e no desempenho de animais pós-metamórficos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Fatores associados ao metabolismo energetico na obesidade

Obesity is fundamentally a problem of energy balance that develops when the energy intake is greater than the total energy expenditure (TEE). TEE is composed by the sum of resting energy expenditure (REE), thermal effect of foods and thermal effect of physical activity. Many factors can affect energy expenditure and energy homeostasis. Historically, the energy expenditure has been measured by indirect calorimetry. However, more recently, the use of doubly labeled water has allowed the assessment of energy expenditure in a 24 hour period, which expanded the knowledge on energy metabolism. Factors such as gender, age, thyroid disorders, physical activity and body composition affect REE as already established in the literature. However, there has been speculation whether other factors, such as adipocytokines and diet composition, which might be involved in the genesis of obesity by decreasing the REE. So, this paper aims to review the factors that can alter the energy metabolism.

Análise comparativa de exposição do operador à radiação entre as técnicas radial, femoral e radial com dispositivo protetor em procedimentos de cardiologia intervencionista

Pós-graduação em Fisiopatologia em Clínica Médica - FMB

Avaliação adrenocortical, tireoideana e do estresse oxidativo de cães naturalmente infectados por Ehrlichia canis

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Hipotireoidismo em cães: revisão

Hypothyroidism is one of the most frequent endocrinopathies in dogs, affecting preferentially middle-aged, pure breed animals. Associated clinical signs are variable and often non-specific, including metabolic, dermatological or cardiovascular alterations. The main laboratorial findings are non-regenerative anemia and hypercholesterolemia. Hyponatremia and an increase in alanine transferase and alkaline phosphatase activities can also be observed with lower frequency. There are specific diagnostic tests that can be used to help diagnose hypothyroidism, and those should be interpreted in the light of the animal´s clinical symptoms. The levels of thyroxine stimulating hormone (TSH) and both free and total thyroxine (T4) are the most used hormonal tests. It is important to differentiate between hypothyroidism and the euthyroid sick syndrome, a condition that may be caused by severe diseases such as hyperadrenocorticism and lead to decreased TSH and T4 levels as well. Levothyroxine sodium is the standard treatment. The main objective of this paper is to review hypothyroidism in dogs, since this is a very common disease in small animal clinics, but with difficult diagnosis.

Secondary aspergillus fumigatus infection associated with coloidal goiter in a Black-masked Lovebird (Agapornis personata)

Aspergillosis is caused by fungus of Aspergillus genus. Is a multifactorial secondary disease and occurs mainly to immunodeficiency. Goiter is the name to non-inflammatory and non-neoplasic thyroid growth which affecting the animal metabolism. In this report we describe a case of aspergillosis and colloidal goiter in a male Black-masked lovebird (Agapornis personata) diagnosed by post mortem exam. The bird was presented for examination due to severe respiratory signs. An initial palliative treatment was performed in order to relieve the symptoms. Despite this, the patient came to die without performing additional ancillary tests. On gross exam, a pulmonary nodule was observed from which we were able to isolate Aspergillus fumigatus on microbial culture. Histological assessment revealed pulmonary aspergilosis and colloid goiter. Based on histopathological and microbiological assessments we conclude that infection probably was secondary to colloid goiter.

Diagnóstico por imagem nas enfermidades tireoidianas em cães: revisão

The diagnosis of various diseases has become more accessible and accurate with the rapid development of imaging modalities aiming to assist in medical diagnosis, and thereby in veterinary medicine. Different diagnostic imaging modalities such as ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and scintigraphy can be performed to obtain information about thyroid diseases, each one with advantages and disadvantages, depending on the thyroid disease in question. Diagnostic imaging is a tool that not only assists in the diagnosis, but also helps treatment and assessment of prognosis of thyroid diseases. The aim of this article is to discuss the limitations and benefits of each diagnostic imaging modality available in the veterinary medical field, and also to present the newest diagnostic imaging modalities in order to maximize and make more accurate diagnosis of thyroid diseases.