874 resultados para Teoria social e educação


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Este artigo pretende apresentar os motivos por trás de algumas propostas intersubjetivistas na teoria social e na teoria da justiça. Primeiramente, tentarei desenvolver alguns temas da filosofia de Hegel no sentido de formular a tese de que se estabelece aí uma relação fundamental entre teoria social e teoria da justiça (1). Em seguida, pretendo especificar o conteúdo desta relação num argumento duplo: mostrando (a) que ela consiste, do ponto de vista da teoria social, em uma dialética entre socialização e individualização; e (b) que esta dialética se vincula ao problema da normatividade, tornando-se relevante para a teoria da justiça (2). Em terceiro lugar, desejo mostrar que a ética do discurso projetou uma ampliação filosófico-jurídica não apenas para estabilizar a tensão entre validade e facticidade, mas que também, não sendo apenas especializada em questões de justiça, assume a tarefa de pensar a vulnerabilidade daquela dialética (3). Finalmente, procuro mostrar como uma teoria da justiça fundada no conceito intersubjetivo de liberdade é capaz de preencher mais adequadamente esta lacuna, criando condições para uma crítica terapêutica da modernidade (4). ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT

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Esta pesquisa analisa o discurso de educação de qualidade nas políticas curriculares para a Educação Básica forjadas no Brasil, no período compreendido entre 2003 e 2011, na vigência do governo de Luís Inácio Lula da Silva e no início do governo Dilma Roussef, procurando entender os nexos estabelecidos entre currículo e qualidade. Para tanto, é investigado o contexto de produção dos textos da referida política o Ministério da Educação (MEC), por meio da leitura de cinquenta e sete documentos assinados e/ou encomendados pela Secretaria de Educação Básica (SEB), pelo Conselho Nacional de Educação (CNE) e pelo Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais (INEP), os quais constituíram um corpus de estudo para esta pesquisa. Tal leitura tem como ferramenta de entrada e organização dos textos o programa computacional WordSmith Tools (versão 5), a partir do qual foi possível focar em significantes identificados como condutores dos sentidos de qualidade. A análise desse corpus de estudo é relacionada ainda aos programas de governo divulgados pelo Partido dos Trabalhadores na ocasião das campanhas eleitorais de 2002, 2006 e 2010, com vistas a uma maior compreensão do contexto político partidário ao qual a política curricular se conecta. A pesquisa se fundamenta na Teoria do Discurso de Ernesto Laclau, articulada às teorias do currículo produzidas por Alice Lopes e Elizabeth Macedo e à abordagem do ciclo de políticas de Stephen Ball e colaboradores. Com essa filiação teórica entende-se as políticas de currículo como produção cultural discursiva em múltiplos contextos, marcada pela contingência do social. A tese apresentada é a de que, na política Lula/Dilma, o significante educação de qualidade é tendencialmente vazio, representando, no que se refere ao currículo, tanto demandas por um ensino voltado para a distribuição igualitária do conhecimento, visto como possibilidade de promover a justiça social, quanto demandas por um ensino voltado para resultados estipulados e mensurados por meio de sistemas de avaliação nacional que atestam sua eficiência e que representam o discurso da qualidade que se pretende total, segundo o qual a educação é um investimento que precisa dar retornos. A equivalência entre demandas, aparentemente, antagônicas, é possibilitada pelo vínculo que o significante qualidade estabelece com a demanda por justiça social, ao ser adjetivado como social, dando origem ao discurso da qualidade social. A política de qualidade social da educação, portanto, constrói um discurso de promoção da justiça social por meio do currículo comum e da centralidade do conhecimento (verificável), lançando mão do vocabulário das perspectivas críticas e ao mesmo tempo utilizando-se de ações das perspectivas instrumentais, que reduz o currículo às dimensões instrucionais. São, portanto, duas cadeias de equivalência em disputa no cenário educacional: a cadeia da qualidade social, representada pelo projeto de poder Lula/Dilma, que se justifica pela demanda da justiça social e opera a ressignificação das lógicas da centralização curricular e suas formas de avaliar, e a cadeia da qualidade que se pretende total, representada pelo projeto de poder FHC, que condiciona a educação às demandas de produtividade do mercado

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As mudanças no sistema produtivo trazem a subsunção do setor serviços ao setor fabril. Os serviços na atualidade ganham centralidade na organização produtiva do capital. E, o processo de trabalho do setor serviços, nesse contexto, é atravessado por formas de administração pública a partir da lógica privada. Cada política social se constitui a partir de racionalidades que implicam na organização do processo de trabalho e na prestação dos serviços oferecidos a população. Para pensarmos o Serviço Social na Educação é imprescindível compreender como a política educacional brasileira se organiza em um contexto de capitalismo periférico. Estamos presenciando uma organização educacional a partir de programas e projetos que materializam as orientações de organismos internacionais com o objetivo do alcance de metas que coloquem o Brasil no mesmo patamar dos países centrais. Nesse estudo abordamos como esse quadro se materializa na realidade do município do Rio de Janeiro. A partir do Programa Interdisciplinar de Apoio às Escolas (Proinape) que foi criado em 2010 e tem como profissionais assistentes sociais, professores e psicólogos, que atuam nos diversos atravessamentos que se interpõem no processo ensino-aprendizagem. Acreditamos que esse trabalho é permeado por diversas racionalidades que perpassam a luta de classes. Desta forma, essa dissertação desvelará, a partir da teoria social crítica, as racionalidades presentes no processo de trabalho do Proinape da Secretaria Municipal de Educação do Rio de Janeiro (SME/RJ) demonstrando a quais lógicas esse programa vem servindo.

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Este trabalho pretende apresentar a educação para o empreendedorismo como um instrumento fundamental para a inclusão social, através da formação e do desenvolvimento de competências para a criação do próprio emprego. Apresenta uma revisão de literatura e um enquadramento teórico sobre os temas do emprego, pobreza e exclusão social e educação para o empreeendedorismo como chave para a inclusão social. Após esta análise, o trabalho desenvolve uma abordagem a um ecossistema empreendedor no ensino superior, através da apresentação de um caso no Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal. Finalmente, são apresentadas as conclusões e algumas recomendações relativas à promoção de um ambiente promotor de empreendedorismo no ensino superior que possa responder aos novos desafios e mudanças inerentes à actual conjuntura económica e social numa perspectiva de educação inclusiva.

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Esta pesquisa aborda a aproximação entre Serviço Social e Educação, tendo como viés diretivo a cultura. Focaliza a relação entre as áreas a partir de um estudo de caso, cuja intervenção ocorreu por meio de um Projeto de extensão universitária – Projeto de Extensão Educação Pública e Serviço Social (PEEPSS) – oferecido sob a coordenação de um professor pioneiro nesta discussão no âmbito da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ). Este trabalho se situa com olhar em um subprojeto do PEEPSS – Educação, Cultura, Universidade e Serviço Social (ECUSS) – mais especificamente em um trabalho realizado com a ONG Nós do Cinema (NDC). Por ser também um campo de estágio supervisionado aos graduandos em Serviço Social da UERJ, a metodologia utilizada neste trabalho priorizou a análise do discurso de alguns relatórios de estágio, seguida de entrevistas ao coordenador do projeto, bem como aos mesmos supervisionados que tiveram seus documentos de estágio analisados. A pesquisa apresenta elementos de interseção entre as áreas mencionadas, procurando discutir sobre a formação profissional para tal abordagem cultural, assim como o debate acerca dos campos de prática na área da Educação e da Cultura para o assistente social.

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The fundamental social right to education has a lengthy constitutional argument, having been declared as a right to everyone in the Title dedicated to the fundamental rights and warrants and, later, scrutinized in the Social Order Chapter exclusively devoted to this theme, where specific rights are guaranteed and fundamental duties are imposed to family, society, and state. In that which concerns education, the 1988 Constitution is the result of a historical-normative process which, since the days of the Lusitanian Empire wavering between distinct levels of protection warrants in some way the educational process. Nevertheless, not even the State s oldest commitment to education has been fully achieved, namely, the annihilation of illiteracy. Even as other fundamental social rights, education is inflicted with the lack of effective political will to reach its fulfillment, and this is reflected in the production of doctrine and jurisprudence which reduce the efficacy of these rights. The objective of this work is to analyze what part is to be played by the constitutional jurisdiction in the reversal of this picture in regards to the fulfillment of the fundamental social right to education. Therefore it is indispensable to present a proper conception of constitutional jurisdiction its objectives, boundaries and procedures and that of the social rights in the Brazilian context so as to establish its relationship from the prism of the right to education. The main existing obstacles to the effective action of constitutional jurisdiction on the ground of social rights are identified and then proposals so as to overcome them are presented. The contemplative and constructive importance of education in the shaping of the individual as well as its instrumental relevance to the achievement of the democratic ideal through the means of the shaping of the citizen is taken into account. The historical context which leads to the current Brazilian educational system is analyzed, tracing the normative area and the essential content of the fundamental right to education aiming to delineate parameters for the adequate development of the constitutional jurisdiction in the field. This jurisdiction must be neither larger nor narrower than that which has been determined by the Constitution itself. Its activity has been in turns based on a demagogic rhetoric of those fundamental rights which present a doubtful applicability, or falling short of that which has been established showing an excessive reverence to the constituent powers. It is necessary to establish dogmatic parameters for a good action of this important tool of constitutional democracy, notably in regards to the fundamental social right to education, for the sake of its instrumental role in the achievement of the democratic ideals of liberty and equality

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The present study is about an etnographic research based on the Theory of Social Representation and its complementary approach, the Theory of Central Core based on the bourdiesianos concepts of field and habitus , concerning that these concepts, articulated to the constructed social representation, may contribute to the study of social identities. Its aim is to acknowledge which identity references community health agents (CHA), agents from Community Health Agent Program (CHAP) and Family Health Program (FHP) from João Pessoa PB and which social representation is constructed by them towards health education. The study had the participation of 119 CHAs, from which 90,3 % were female and 9,7% were male. Since the identity is also built by the representation of others towards the group, 63 professionals of the FHP group (16 nurses, 16 nursing assistents, 12 doctors, 9 dentists, 6 dentistry office assistents, 4 coordinators, 1 psicologist and 1 receptionist) and 1 nurse from CHAP took part of the study, oficial documents from the Health Ministry were analyzed, verbal information from its representatives were also taken into consideration, as well as reports from the many benefitiaries of the CHA, CHAP and FHP. For data collecting, we used the combination of (a) Direct Observation and Participant Observation of the functioning micro-areas of the CHA at the Family Health Units, and the Union of the Agents; (b) Free-Association of words and expressions to stimulate the CHA , Health Education and Health ; (c) Questionnaire; (d) Interviews. The interviews were submitted to a thematic analysis of its topic. The free-association was analyzed taking in consideration the vèrgesiana proposal (a combination of the frequency and average order of evocation) which treatment enabled the identification of the central and peripheral systems of social representation towards health education and the community health agent. A test of central refutation, associated to the analysis of the indicated evocations as the most important, provided empirical evidence of social representation towards health education as orientation , prevention and hygiene , as well as the identity of CHA as supervisor , friend , help , important , and the link between the community and the Family Health Staff. Other professionals from CHAP, FHP and the Health Ministry share all of these representational contents, especially the concepts of friend and link , also shared by the community. A habitus towards the community health agents was identified, as a representation based on trust and friendship, which gives the professional a great importance towards the daily inconsistencies faced by the community

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Kindergarten teachers training gains the spotlight with the passing of Law number 9.394/96 (Guidelines and Basis Law) that defines this segment as the initial step of basic education, with pedagogical function. In this spectrum, the discussion about teacher training unravels to ensure social quality to education as well as the teacher s specificities towards child singularities. Adding to that, the growing propagation of Pedagogy in an undergraduate level, given that such course has been continually transformed by the National Curriculum Guidelines for Pedagogy (2006), highlighting the addition of curriculum components that are specific to upbringing. The complex debate circa kindergarten teachers training has advancements and hardships that need to be unveiled in order to improve both formation and social quality of education in the 0- 5 years old range. This investigation inserts itself in said context and aims to analyze which knowledge, specific to kindergarten teaching are constructed, according to undergraduate trainees, in Pedagogy s supervised internship. The study was conducted alongside the discipline: Supervised Internship in Child Education ministered by the Advanced Campus of Rio Grande do Norte s State University s in the municipality of Patu-RN (CAP-UERN-Patu) and was conducted through 2012 by accompanying four undergraduate interns. We first assumed that the development of teaching knowledge is a complex process of appropriation of cultural-social practices and is symbolically mediated by interactions that occur in the formation context, and the supervised internship can be understood as a space for the articulation and enlargement of theoretical and practical knowledge, directly related to the specificities of child education. The theoretical-methodological foundation was based upon the historiccultural approach of L. S. Vygotsky and M. Bakhtin s dialogism on human sciences research, as well as his postulates on learning and developmental processes, conceived as both essentially social and discursive. The investigation approached the principles of the qualitative perspective and to the construction and analysis of data, involved documental analysis and, specially, semi-structured interviews, both individual and collective, whose fundamental premise was the production-comprehension of meanings in a dialogical perspective. The participants texts/speeches produced a synthesis that points to the occurrence, within the supervised internship at CAP/UERN, of internalization/appropriation processes and, as such, of formulation of meanings that are pertinent to child education: child, childhood, kindergarten and teacher signification and this stage s specific teaching knowledge. It stood out that the internship, alongside other curriculum components, is, in fact, one of the primeval formation environment for the teachers, in which the interns interact with their colleagues, supervisor professor, collaborator professor, and of course, the children to construct their erudition. Such interactions allow the undergraduate interns to develop attitudes and procedures to reflect on what they know, what they ve done and what they can achieve. We have concluded that the undergraduate internship can constitute itself as an articulatorconsolidator environment in the future teacher s formation process and, since well oriented, can provide the effective initiation, not only to the practice, but to the praxis as a movement of non dissociability between theory and practice

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This research aimed to understand the place that the child s play in the childish education of Vitoria da Conquista s public system. We understand the childish education institution like a space that should respect the child as a person in a peculiar condition of development. We adopted the social-historical approach understood from Vygotsky and Leontiev, with the social theory of construction of knowledge and its dialogue with authors like Piaget e Brougère. The child s play was seen like result of social relations with great influence in the childish development. The research was accomplished in 04 public day care centers, amongst 18 existent ones in the city. While subjects of investigation participated 09 educators that works with children with ages between 03 and 04 years old and the children of their respective class-room. The procedures used were the participative observation and the interview with the educators, as a procedure of composition of research corpus, focusing the child s play activity, particularly in the way that it is expressed in the childish education. From of corpus constitution we used the thematic content analysis. We clustered the appearance of child s play in the childish education in three thematic nucleuses to detailed analysis: 1. mediated by the educator; 2. proposed by the educator; and 3. started by the children. The results show that, despite of the limitations that configure the day care centers routine, the child s play appears in the childish education. We hope, through the comprehension of the place occupied by the child s play in the childish education, contributes to the execution of the public politics, above all in the educational scope, to children with ages between zero and six years old, fomenting the discussion of the educator practice, its limitations and possibilities

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This dissertation aims to analyze the strategy of socio Intervivência University Project OASIS training of community development from the perspective of social entrepreneurship. This project was part of the context of a sort of university extension, called Intervivência University, which emerged in 2008 through the announcement MCT / CNPq / CT-Agribusiness / MDA - No. 23/2008 - Intervivência University Program. With the analysis of the OASIS project sought to identify a strategy socio, which was used elements of popular education and aimed to develop young people within the social entrepreneurship that made contributions to such has taken actions in their communities seeking range of social gains. For this, the methodological aspect, it was used in the research, a qualitative approach, case study, content analysis, semi-structured interviews and non-participant observation. In the theoretical aspect was addressed in the affairs of: social entrepreneurship, with emphasis on the concept, their differentiations of business entrepreneurship and social responsibility, and characterizing the social entrepreneur, popular education, as for the development of social entrepreneurship is the need for a new way of thinking and seeing reality for the people, and youth leadership, given the importance in the context of social action, to have young people seeking a better life for their communities. Addressed the theory were drawn categories (capital, empowerment and youth participation) and subcategories of analysis (value, attitude, behavior, trust, cooperation, civic participation) used in this work. Given the information and analysis of interviews and observations could be perceived that the strategy promoted socio Project OASIS changes, or the reaffirmation of values, resulting in new attitudes and, consequently, new behaviors in the students interviewed. Has been identified in them the development of trust and cooperation. In the aspect of civic awakening was observed in some of them only. In relation to juvenile activity was perceived to develop actions aimed at social benefits for all respondents. Thus, the OASIS Project Intervivência University made contributions to the young participants in the research aspect of social entrepreneurship, influencing them in developing activities in the social sphere in which cities are embedded

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Pós-graduação em Ciências da Motricidade - IBRC

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Serviço Social - FCHS