Franquias na internet fixa e OTTs

Analisa aspectos legais das franquias e da limitação da internet fixa no Brasil.

Esclarecimentos sobre a polêmica envolvendo franquias na internet fixa

Analisa aspectos sobre a polêmica em torno da questão que teve início com o anúncio da prestadora Telefônica/Vivo de que iria implementar modelo de negócio em que o fornecimento de banda larga fixa seria baseado em franquias de consumo.

Estudo sobre o efeito dos parâmetros de processamento dos pós e sinterização do aço inox 316l reforçado com NbC

This masther dissertation presents a contribution to the study of 316L stainless steel sintering aiming to study their behavior in the milling process and the effect of isotherm temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties. The 316L stainless steel is a widely used alloy for their high corrosion resistance property. However its application is limited by the low wear resistance consequence of its low hardness. In previous work we analyzed the effect of sintering additives as NbC and TaC. This study aims at deepening the understanding of sintering, analyzing the effect of grinding on particle size and microstructure and the effect of heating rate and soaking time on the sintered microstructure and on their microhardness. Were milled 316L powders with NbC at 1, 5 and 24 hours respectively. Particulates were characterized by SEM and . Cylindrical samples height and diameter of 5.0 mm were compacted at 700 MPa. The sintering conditions were: heating rate 5, 10 and 15◦C/min, temperature 1000, 1100, 1200, 1290 and 1300◦C, and soaking times of 30 and 60min. The cooling rate was maintained at 25◦C/min. All samples were sintered in a vacuum furnace. The sintered microstructure were characterized by optical and electron microscopy as well as density and microhardness. It was observed that the milling process has an influence on sintering, as well as temperature. The major effect was caused by firing temperature, followed by the grinding and heating rate. In this case, the highest rates correspond to higher sintering.

Epidemiology and Emergence of Schmallenberg Virus Part 2: Pathogenesis and Risk of Viral Spread

Schmallenberg virus (SBV) is a novel Orthobunyavirus causing mild clinical signs in cows and malformations in aborted and neonatal ruminants in Europe. SBV belongs to the family Bunyaviridae and is transmitted by biting midges. This new virus was identified for the first time in blood samples of cows in the city of Schmallenberg in North-Rhine Westphalia in November 2011. Since then, the virus spread to several European countries. Here, we describe the pathogenesis and the risk of viral spread in the Portuguese territory.

Adaptation of the ABCDE model from human medicine to communicate bad news to the owner of the oncologic patient in veterinary medicine

Similar to what occurs in Human Medicine, also in Veterinary Medicine, the prevalence of oncological diseases has significantly increased. The evolution of Veterinary Medicine, in last decades has brought changes in clinical paradigms, particularly concerning the relationship with the animal and also with the owner. More than any other specialty, members of the Veterinary Medical Team that work in the oncology field, are unavoidably forced to break bad news. This paper proposes the adaptation of the ABCDE model from Human Medicine to Veterinary Medicine. The adaptation of the ABCDE model for Veterinary Medicine improves communication with the owner and offers all the members of the Veterinary Medical Team better communication skills.

Epizootic and epidemic dermatophytose outbreaks caused byTrichophyton mentagrophytesfrom rabbits in Portugal, 2015

We report an outbreak of dermatophytoses in rabbits, which was the origin of a dermatophytose epidemic in an agricultural school in central Portugal, affecting 15 people. Both the phenotypic characteristics and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence of the dermatophytes isolated from the rabbits and patients were identical, suggesting that a single strain was responsible for both the epizootic and epidemic dermatophytoses and confirming that these two outbreaks were linked. The ITS sequences were also 100% identical to the ITS sequence of five strains isolated from rabbits in Greece and Italy, but different from that of Trichophyton mentagrophytes commonly isolated from dogs and cats. These results suggest that a particular T. mentagrophytes genotype could be prevalent in rabbits in southern Europe.

Interação Médico Veterinário – Enfermeiro Veterinário no exercício da profissão

A procura do Curso de Medicina Veterinária pelas classes jovens prende-se essencialmente com o gosto pela área da saúde e o interesse pelos animais. A inexistência de alternativa à Medicina Veterinária, único Curso no nosso país em 2002, para quem gostasse de tratar e cuidar de animais, num âmbito diferente do da produção, fez com que muitos jovens passassem pela frustração de se dedicarem a outras áreas. Com o objetivo de colmatar essa lacuna do panorama Veterinário nacional, proporcionando aos amantes dos animais uma opção alternativa a quem aspirava poder praticar cuidados de saúde veterinários e não tinha possibilidade de aceder à carreira de Medicina Veterinária, fazia sentido preencher este vazio com a criação de uma nova carreira intermédia, de índole técnico, profissionalizante e superior e, enquanto por todo o país se optava pela criação de mais cursos de Medicina Veterinária, os Politécnicos despertaram para este novo nicho de mercado promissor, inspirados pela Europa, que permitiria a formação de quadros bacharéis, integráveis em equipas Médico-veterinárias e às centenas de profissionais que já exerciam essas funções, por todo o país, sem formação adequada, a oportunidade de dignificação da sua profissão. O Curso de Enfermagem Veterinária foi aprovado em Portugal em 2002/03 para funcionar na Escola Superior Agrária de Elvas e reprovado para funcionar na Escola Superior Agrária de Viseu, no mesmo ano, sendo na altura Ministro da Ciência e Ensino Superior o Doutor Pedro Lynce Faria. Em 2003/04 funcionava o seu primeiro ano na Escola Superior Agrária de Elvas, quando finalmente a Escola Superior Agrária de Viseu também obteve a aprovação para a proposta enviada no ano anterior, colocando o curso em funcionamento um ano mais tarde (2004/05). Posteriormente, viria a entrar em funcionamento nas Escolas Superiores Agrárias de Bragança (Tecnologia Veterinária 2005/06; Enfermagem Veterinária 2010/11), Castelo Branco (2006/07) e Ponte de Lima (2006/07). Até então cabia exclusivamente ao Médico Veterinário uma grande diversidade de funções, que incluíam o atendimento ao público, a receção dos animais e seus proprietários, a procura e preenchimento de fichas clínicas, a contenção e pesagem, o cálculo e administração de dosagens terapêuticas, a monitorização anestésica, a preparação e disposição de material cirúrgico, a preparação dos animais para cirurgia e a colheita de amostras. Quando não podia realizar todas estas funções, recorria a pessoal não especializado que o próprio tinha que formar e preparar, despendendo tempo e recursos, em detrimento do atendimento e prestação de serviços Médico-Veterinários mais especializados. A nível Europeu o Curso de Enfermagem Veterinária foi contemplado no tratado de Bolonha e a nível internacional, vários países consideravam, desde há muito, que a Enfermagem Veterinária, a par com os colégios de especialidade, seriam a chave para o desenvolvimento da boa prática dos cuidados veterinários e para a evolução da Medicina Veterinária, permitindo ao Médico Veterinário uma dedicação maior à clínica da especialidade, concentrando-se exclusivamente no diagnóstico, tratamento e na cirurgia em si. A 11 de Outubro de 2012, a Enfermagem Veterinária no Reino Unido fazia 50 anos, celebrados com pompa e circunstância na Casa dos Comuns, enquanto em Portugal, esta jovem profissão, a dar os seus primeiros passos, era vista como uma ameaça por muitos, incluindo Médicos Veterinários, Ordem dos Enfermeiros, entre outros, e nem sequer era ainda reconhecida nos Centros de Emprego. Contudo, foi o advento desta nova profissão que levou ao surgimento da equipa Médico-veterinária que pressupõe a existência de vários profissionais, com competências distintas mas que devem interagir em prol do objetivo comum da prestação de cuidados especializados de saúde e de bem-estar ao paciente animal. Em 2014, o curso de Enfermagem Veterinária da Escola Superior Agrária de Viseu obteve a acreditação europeia pela ACOVENE e Portugal junta-se assim à Bélgica, Holanda, Itália, Noruega e Reino Unido, os países onde são atualmente acreditados cursos de Enfermagem Veterinária pela ACOVENE.

First evidence of Schmallenberg virus introduction in Portugal, 2014

Objectives: Serra da Estrela native (SEN) breed of sheep is one of the most important in Portugal, standing responsible for the production of one of the most internationally recognized cheeses in the world, "Queijo Serra da Estrela” (protected designation of origin). One of the major risks to the sustainability of SEN dairy flocks if footrot, an infectious diseases that causes lameness, decrease in milk production, weight loss and decrease in fertility. The aim of this work was to determine which parameters become decisive for the appearance of footrot in SEN dairy flocks, while establishing associations with environmental and nutritional variables. Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out by performing an especially designed 27 multiple choice questionnaire, based on the underlying causes of lameness in livestock and in the clinical diagnosis performed by the vet techinichian of the clinical cases evaluated at the moment of the inquiry. The survey was performed during the execution of the oficial veterinary health program between February and September of 2014 by a veterinarian team from the Association of SEN Sheep Breeders (ANCOSE). The ovine producers (N=30, with a total of 1270 animals) were randomly selected from the extense area of production of “Queijo Serra da Estrela”. The parameters evaluated in the study were: season and consequent weather changes during the period of the study, floor types, hygiene conditions, bed types, the existence and use of footbaths, location of footbaths, foot trimming and foot hygiene procedures. After the construction of the database and using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16.0 the frequency response for each item was calculated. Results: All SEN livestock producers are proactive in the treatment of lameness (70%). About 99.7% of lameness was related with footroot and most appeared in winter (36.7%). In some occasions there was not a specific season distribution (56.7% rainiest years). From the analyzed farms, 70% use straw as a floor bed, followed by bush (21%). 45.6% of animals were clinically diagnosed with footrot and were sheltered in straw floor. Bed quality is good in 40%, however frequent changes in the floor bed in the preceding 15 days had a higher rate of footroot diagnosed cases (33,23%) compared to monthly changes. Regarding sheepfold animal number, the distribution is proper in 36.7%, elevated in 30%, overcrowded in 6.7% and low in 23.3%. Clinically ill diagnosed animals in last category were the lowest observed (3%). Concerning hoof trimming, 76.7% trims while 23.3% reported not to perform that task. From those that perform trimming, 73.9% do it only when necessary, 21.7% at the time of clipping and 4.4% when the animal is affected. One curious result was that animals who perform trimming at clipping had higher footrot cases (52.6%), unlike those who trim only when necessary (40.2%) or even when animals are clinically ill (0.91%). Mostly all in the presence of footrot choose a local treatment (95.2%) using antibiotic sprays, instead of parenteral antibiotic treatment. Footbath is rarely used in the prevention (13.3%) of this disease and when it is misconceived (25%) and incorrectly formulated (100%). Conclusions: This study was the first performed in Portugal focusing footrot caracterization in native SEN flocks.Economic impact in SEN dairy flocks is atributed to factors such as direct decrease in milk and meat production,early slaughter of affected animals due to non responsive treatment and medical expenses.The most effective eradication method combines first of all the ability to understand the problems of SEN producers and implementation of preventive measures and treatment of footrot.Often linked to lack of formation, the advance age of portuguese producers the mentality and social factors block the advance of veterinarian intervention itself.

Footrot caracterization in serra da estrela native flocks

Objectives: Serra da Estrela native (SEN) breed of sheep is one of the most important in Portugal, standing responsible for the production of one of the most internationally recognized cheeses in the world, "Queijo Serra da Estrela” (protected designation of origin). One of the major risks to the sustainability of SEN dairy flocks if footrot, an infectious diseases that causes lameness, decrease in milk production, weight loss and decrease in fertility.The aim of this work was to determine which parameters become decisive for the appearance of footrot in SEN dairy flocks, while establishing associations with environmental and nutritional variables. Materials and methods: The present study was carried out by performing an especially designed 27 multiple choice questionnaire, based on the underlying causes of lameness in livestock and in the clinical diagnosis performed by the vet techinichian of the clinical cases evaluated at the moment of the inquiry. The survey was performed during the execution of the oficial veterinary health program between February and September of 2014 by a veterinarian team from the Association of SEN Sheep Breeders (ANCOSE). The ovine producers (N=30, with a total of 1270 animals) were randomly selected from the extense area of production of “Queijo Serra da Estrela”. The parameters evaluated in the study were: season and consequent weather changes during the period of the study, floor types, hygiene conditions, bed types, the existence and use of footbaths, location of footbaths, foot trimming and foot hygiene procedures. After the construction of the database and using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16.0 the frequency response for each item was calculated. Results: All SEN livestock producers are proactive in the treatment of lameness (70%). About 99.7% of lameness was related with footroot and most appeared in winter (36.7%). In some occasions there was not a specific season distribution (56.7% rainiest years). From the analyzed farms, 70% use straw as a floor bed, followed by bush (21%). 45.6% of animals were clinically diagnosed with footrot and were sheltered in straw floor. Bed quality is good in 40%, however frequent changes in the floor bed in the preceding 15 days had a higher rate of footroot diagnosed cases (33,23%) compared to monthly changes. Regarding sheepfold animal number, the distribution is proper in 36.7%, elevated in 30%, overcrowded in 6.7% and low in 23.3%. Clinically ill diagnosed animals in last category were the lowest observed (3%). Concerning hoof trimming, 76.7% trims while 23.3% reported not to perform that task. From those that perform trimming, 73.9% do it only when necessary, 21.7% at the time of clipping and 4.4% when the animal is affected. One curious result was that animals who perform trimming at clipping had higher footrot cases (52.6%), unlike those who trim only when necessary (40.2%) or even when animals are clinically ill (0.91%). Mostly all in the presence of footrot choose a local treatment (95.2%) using antibiotic sprays, instead of parenteral antibiotic treatment. Footbath is rarely used in the prevention (13.3%) of this disease and when it is misconceived (25%) and incorrectly formulated (100%). Conclusion: This study is the first performed in Portugal focusing on footrot caracterization in native SEN flocks. The economic impact in SEN dairy flocks is atributed to factors such as the direct decrease in milk and meat production, the early slaughter of affected animals due to a non responsive treatment, and medical expenses. The most effective eradication method combines first of all the ability to understand the problems of SEN producers and then the implementation of preventive measures and treatment of footrot. Often linked to the lack of formation, and the advanced age of portuguese producers, the mentality and social factors block the advance of veterinarian intervention itself.