640 resultados para Susceptibilidade antifúngica


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The present work aimed to evaluate the effect fungitoxic of plant extracts on the mycelial growth and on the spores germination of C. gloeosporioides. The plant extracts were obtained starting from dried ground plants, using water and ethilic alcohol as extractor. Twenty-two plant species were used to obtain the extracts. The extracts were tested by means of the incorporation of 20% (v/v) in PDA medium, before or after sterilization. The percentage of inhibition of the mycelial growth (PIM) was determined. Extract in the proportion of 50% was added to a spore suspension used to determine the percentage of inhibition of the spores germination (PIS). The hidroetanolic extracts provided larger PIM of C. gloeosporioides, while larger PIS was obtained with the aqueous extracts. Non autoclaved extracts was the most efficient in mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides, even more than the autoclaved ones. Aqueous and hidroetanolic extracts of Momordica charantia and hidroetanolic extract of Eucalyptus citriodora provided higher PIM. Aqueous extracts of Luffa acutangula, Eucalyptus citriodora, Chenopodium ambrosioides, and Bauhinia, and hidroetanolic extracts of Ruta graveolens, Eucalyptus citriodora, Zingiber officinale and Chenopodium ambrosioides inhibited more than 90% of spores germination.

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The increase in the incidence of fungal infections due to the drug-resistance or to the number of patients with immune alterations such as AIDS, chemotherapy or organ transplantation, has done the research necesseray for new antifungal drugs. The species from Northeastern Brazil may become an important source of innovative natural molecules. To evaluate the antifungal activity of 10 medicinal plants from Northeastern Brazil, traditionally used as antimicrobial agents, 30 crude extracts (CE) were tested in vitro against four standard species of Candida spp. The CE most promising of these plants were evaluated against yeasts of the oral cavity of kidney transplant patients and through a bioassay-guided fractionation. The extracts form leaves of E. uniflora, the stem bark of L. ferrea and leaves of P. guajava showed significant activity against all yeasts evaluated, with MIC values between 15.62 and 62.5 μg/mL. E. uniflora also showed fungicidal properties against all yeasts, especially against Candida dubliniensis. In patients with immune systems compromised, such as transplanted, oral candidiasis manifests mainly due to immunosuppressive therapy, and resistance to conventional antifungals. The CE of E. uniflora presented range of MIC values between 1.95 to 1000 μg/mL, and lower MIC50 and MIC90 values were observed against C. non-albicans. Due the better results, the CE of E. uniflora was elected to performe the bioassay-guided fractionation. Thus it was possible to obtain enriched fractions, which showed good inhibitory ability against ATCC strains of Candida spp. It was also possible to perform experiments to verify the production of biofilm in two strains of C. dubliniensis and action of extracts and fractions on the same. With this, we observed a behavior between the yeast ATCC and clinical isolate. In addition, CE, fractions and subfractions of E. uniflora inhibit planktonic cells to preventing the growth of biofilm. The preliminary chemical characterization of the fractions obtained revealed the presence of polyphenols (especially flavonoids and tannins). Finally, the results suggests that among the plant species studied, E. uniflora showed a pattern very promising as regards the antifungal, requiring further study of purification and structural elucidation of compounds in order to verify that the antifungal effect found can be attributed to a specific compound or some mechanism depends on synergistic the mixture of polyphenols

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Objetivou-se avaliar a atividade antifúngica dos óleos essenciais de Ocimum basilicum L. (manjericão), Cymbopogon martinii L. (palmarosa), Thymus vulgaris L. (tomilho) e Cinnamomum cassia Blume (canela da china) sobre cepas de Candida albicans isoladas de pacientes HIV positivos e cepa padrão (ATCC 76845). Quinze amostras clínicas de C. albicans (C1-C15) foram repicadas em ágar Sabouraud Dextrose, para confecção de suspensões em solução salina estéril (0,9%) contendo 1,5 x 10(6) UFC mL-1. As emulsões dos óleos essenciais foram preparadas em água destilada estéril e tween 80, com concentrações variando entre 1024 µg mL-1 e 4 µg mL-1. A ação antifúngica foi determinada por meio da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) utilizando-se a técnica da microdiluição. Foram utilizados como controles positivos a nistatina e o miconazol (50 µg mL-1). Os testes foram realizados em triplicata, sendo a CIM, a menor concentração capaz de inibir o crescimento das leveduras, observada por método visual de acordo com a turvação do meio de cultura. Para C. albicans (ATCC 76845), a CIM do óleo essencial de C. cassia foi 64 µg mL-1, enquanto para óleo de C. martinii foi 1024 µg mL-1. Para as cepas clínicas, verificou-se que a CIM de C. cassia para 80% das cepas foi 64 µg mL-1, sendo a variação dos valores da CIM entre 128 µg mL-1 e 64 µg mL-1. Observou-se que para 66,6% das amostras clínicas, a CIM de C. martinii foi 612 µg mL-1. Constatou-se que a nistatina não apresentou atividade frente às cepas clínicas (C1-C15), enquanto a atividade antifúngica do miconazol foi verificada em 100% das amostras. Não se constatou atividade antimicrobiana dos óleos essenciais de O. basilicum e T. vulgaris, nas concentrações avaliadas. Concluiu-se que os óleos essenciais de C. cassia e C. martinii, em diferentes concentrações, apresentam atividade antifúngica sobre cepas de C. albicans isoladas de pacientes HIV positivos e cepa padrão (ATCC 76845). Entretanto não foi observada inibição antimicrobiana para os óleos de O. basilicum e T. vulgaris.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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O conhecimento detalhado do solo e de seus atributos, ao longo da paisagem, é uma demanda permanente dos sistemas urbanos e agroindustriais, para o planejamento sustentável de uso e ocupação. O presente trabalho objetivou estudar o potencial de modelos de paisagem e susceptibilidade magnética na identificação e caracterização de latossolos, em Guariba (SP). Foram coletadas 514 amostras de solo, em 110,0 ha, às profundidades de 0,0-0,20 m e 0,60-0,80 m. Foram identificados diferentes compartimentos de paisagem, com base no modelo de superfície geomórfica e segmento de vertente. em cada compartimento de paisagem, foram abertas trincheiras, para classificação do solo. As amostras foram analisadas quanto à granulometria e atributos químicos, pH (água, CaCl2 e KCl), matéria orgânica, P extraível, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ e H+ + Al3+. Também foram determinados os teores de SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3 e óxidos de Fe livres (Fe d) e pouco cristalizados (Fe o), nas amostras das trincheiras, além da susceptibilidade magnética (SM). Solos taxonomicamente iguais, porém em diferentes compartimentos da paisagem, apresentaram valores distintos, para os atributos estudados, indicando que os modelos de paisagem e a susceptibilidade magnética podem ser viáveis, como técnica de campo, para auxiliar no detalhamento da variação dos atributos do solo. A susceptibilidade magnética demonstrou ter potencial para delimitação das superfícies geomórficas mapeadas no campo, o que indica o seu potencial de uso, na identificação e caracterização de áreas mais homogêneas.

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Tropical fishes like Leporinus macrocephalus Garavello & Britski, 1988 (piauçu) and the hybrid tambacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887 pacu male x Colossoma macropomum Cuvier, 1818 tambaqui female) were experimentally infected with four inocula of trophonts of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Fouquet, 1876 (Protozoa, Ciliophora) and the infection level was evaluated. Each one of twelve experimental units consisted of a tank with 200 liters of water and two specimens of each kind of fish. The following treatments were designed to each tank, in triplicate: 8, 16,32 and 64 trophonts. After 8 days of exposure the fishes were killed and the number of trophonts was counted at a stereoscopic microscope. This assay showed to be feasible at tropical conditions and was able to show that tambacu was more susceptiblc than piauçu.

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Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica (P. haemolytica) are associated with ovine respiratory diseases. With the purpose of observe the susceptibility in vitro of these organisms against antimicrobials, were collected samples of nasopharingeal (n=180) and oropharingeal (n=82) from ovines healthy and with respiratory disease. Among the antimicrobials tested, the sensibility was greater for enrofloxacin (100%) and florfenicol (100%), for both bacteria. The greater resistance indices for M. haemolytica and P. multocida were observed with tetracyclin (15.64% and 17.65% respectively) and penicillin (1.82% and 4.2%).

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The inadequate land use in the low course of the river Acaraú is speeding up processes of erosion in some degrees. This process is accented in the areas where caatinga was removed for implantation of pastures and agriculture. Concomitantly, the plain of flooding of the river Acaraú an accumulation of sand with the carry of these sediments, resulting in the widening of the fluvial plain and reduction of the shape water, with increase of the evapotranspiration and consequence salinization, proceeding from the local substratum. This paper aimed at the crossing of diverse space information (geomorfology, soil, declivity, geology and land use) in environment SIG, for determination of the susceptible areas to the erosion and an accumulation of sand in the low course of the Acaraú river, north of the State of the Ceará, Brazil. The results allow to evaluate the application of this tool in the planning and management of the environment, from the crossing of the type of use with the used environment and the consequent impact to the ecosystem.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Pós-graduação em Odontologia - FOA