Bronchopneumonia in wild boar (Sus scrofa) caused by Rhodococcus equi carrying the VapB type 8 plasmid

Background: Rhodococcus equi is associated with pyogranulomatous infections, especially in foals, and this bacterium has also emerged as a pathogen for humans, particularly immunocompromised patients. R. equi infections in pigs, wild boar (Sus scrofa) and humans are mainly due to strains carrying the intermediate virulence (VapB) plasmid. In Brazil, R. equi carrying the VapB type 8 plasmid is the most common type recovered from humans co-infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). R. equi infection in pigs and wild boar is restricted predominantly to the lymphatic system, without any reports of pulmonary manifestations. Findings. This report describes the microbiological and histopathological findings, and molecular characterization of R. equi in two bronchopneumonia cases in wild boar using PCR and plasmid profile analysis by digestion with restriction endonucleases. The histological findings were suggestive of pyogranulomatous infection, and the plasmid profile of both R. equi isolates enabled the characterization of the strains as VapB type 8. Conclusions: This is the first report of bronchopneumonia in wild boar due to R. equi. The detection of the VapB type 8 plasmid in R. equi isolates emphasize that wild boar may be a potential source of pathogenic R. equi strains for humans. © 2013 de Vargas et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Análise dos processos de decomposição e sucessão ecológica em carcaças de suínos (Sus scrofa L.) mortos por disparo de arma de fogo e overdose de cocaína e protocolo de procedimento diante de corpo de delito

Pós-graduação em Biologia Geral e Aplicada - IBB

Rendimentos de abate e aspectos tecnológicos de Javaporco (Sus scrofa javaporco)

Pós-graduação em Engenharia e Ciência de Alimentos - IBILCE

Valores bioquímicos referenciais de javali (sus scrofa scrofa, linnaeus, 1758), confinados em fazenda do estado de São Paulo

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FMVZ

Virulência de linhagens de Rhodococcus equi isoladas de linfonodo de suínos e javalis (Sus scrofa) de abatedouros

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação imunofenotípica de subpopulações linfocitárias no sangue do cordão umbilical e periférico de suínos neonatos (Sus scrofa)

Considering the importance of umbilical cord blood as a potential source of stem cell and, on the other hand, the use of the domestic swine (Sus scrofa) as a useful model for biomedical research in regenerative medicine and aiming to contribute about the quantification of lymphocyte subsets in umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood of newborn piglets, this study aimed to quantify CD4+, CD5+ and CD8+ cells from umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood from pigs at term blood samples. Were analyzed samples of the umbilical cord blood and peripheral of 48 piglets of Topigs lineage, from healthy mothers, artificially inseminated and natural birth. Blood samples were collected from the umbilical cord at birth, by the umbilical vein, and peripheral blood by venous sinus retro-ophthalmic. The immunological measurements of CD4+, CD5+ and CD8+ were obtained by flow cytometry. The relative average values for the CD4+, CD5+ e CD8+ counts in umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood of newborn piglets were inferior to those reported for peripheral blood in adult pigs, suggesting immunological immaturity. The ratio CD4+:CD8+ in umbilical cord blood (3.2±1.2%) and peripheral blood (3.2±1.7%) showed a predominance of TCD4+ over TCD8+. The percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ cells was 1.37±0.86% and 1.15±0.57%, respectively, in umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood.

Efeitos de perfurações artificiais no processo de decomposição em Sus Scrofa (L.) e confecção de uma check-list da entomofauna de Diptera visitante, durante inverno e verão, na região sudeste

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Valores de referência de uréia e creatinina para javali (sus scrofa scrofa, linnaeus, 1758) em cativeiro

In Brazil, the commercial breeding of wild boars (Sus scrofa scrofa) is rapidly expanding. Given the significance of reference values for biochemical analysis for diagnosis of pathological processes and the limitation of data in the literature on this species, Blood samples were collected for determination of biochemical values in 160 wild boars from 180 to 300 days old, clinically healthy farms. The reference range for creatinine was similar to the normal range for swine (1,0 – 2,7mg/dL). There were differences between genders, only for the determination of urea, where the males were higher, although similar to pigs (10 – 30mg/dL). The females, with values from 13.03 to 44.78 mg / dL, do not have statistically significant.

HEALTH RISKS TO HUMANS AND DOMESTIC LIVESTOCK POSED BY FERAL PIGS (Sus scrofa) IN NORTH QUEENSLAND

A sample of 608 adult pigs from Cape York and adjacent islands was examined for parasites and their serum tested for livestock diseases associated with the Queensland tropics. Feral pigs from North Queensland pose a significant health threat to humans with the incidence of Spargana (the plerocercoid of Spirometra erinacei) through the consumption of undercooked pork. Meliodosis (Pseudomonas pseudomalleO. Leptospirosis (L. yar. pomona). and Brucellosis (Brucella suis) are capable of infecting humans directly during unhygienic butchering of infected carcasses. In North Queensland, the widespread intermingled distribution of feral pigs and cattle increases the potential for the transmission of Actinobacillus, Leptospirosis, and Brucellosis from feral pigs to cattle. Both Europeans and Aborigines on Cape York also raise wild-caught feral pigs for meat. It is important to realize that parasites and diseases are present in young pigs and that poor husbandry practices increase the risk of infection from several parasites, i.e., Lungworm (Metastrongylus sp.) Stomach worm (Physocephalus sexalatus. Hvostrongvlus rubidus). Thorny headed worm (Macracanthorrhynchus hirudinaceus) and Kidney worm (Stephanurus dentatus). Heavy infection of these parasites reduce growth rates and cause unthriftiness in infected ani¬mals.

Rilievi anatomo-patologici e batteriologici condotti sull’apparato gastroenterico di una metapopolazione di cinghiali (Sus scrofa)

Nell’ambito della patologia gastroenterica del suino sono comprese alcune malattie sostenute da batteri spirillari gram negativi, di cui sono disponibili numerose trattazioni riguardanti, soprattutto, l'aspetto epidemiologico e patogenetico. Per alcuni di questi agenti microbici, e per le relative manifestazioni patologiche, poco si conosce nel cinghiale selvatico, animale correlato filogeneticamente al suino domestico, ma compreso in un’ecologia completamente differente. Da queste premesse è nato un approccio di ricerca e studio del comportamento di questi microrganismi in una metapopolazione di cinghiali, abbattuti durante il piano di controllo della popolazione densità-dipendente nel Parco dei Gessi e Calanchi dell’Abbadessa (BO), cercando di rapportare le conoscenze riportate in letteratura sul suino domestico con quanto è scaturito dalle indagini condotte sul cinghiale selvatico. In particolare è stata indagata con metodica immunoistochimica la presenza di Lawsonia intracellularis, patogeno del suino responsabile di Enterite Proliferativa (EP), in secondo luogo sono state condotte indagini batteriologiche e istologiche da stomaco e intestino, finalizzate all’isolamento di microrganismi spirillari dei generi Campylobacter e Helicobacter, da correlare all’eventuale presenza di lesioni infiammatorie e ulcerative gastriche o enteriche valutate secondo sistemi a punteggio ottenuti dalla bibliografia o realizzati in base alla tipologia di infiltrato cellulare e alla sua localizzazione. In ultimo, a fini comparativi con uno studio condotto nel 2002-2004 nello steso Parco Regionale, sono stati monitorati i livelli di antibioticoresistenza di indicatori fecali usando metodiche internazionali standardizzate (Escherichia coli e Enterococcus faecium.) nonché su un numero significativo di isolati di Campylobacter lanienae, per ottenere indicazioni preliminari sull’andamento nei 10 anni trascorsi dello stato di inquinamento da farmaco del Parco stesso. I risultati ottenuti permettono di ampliare le conoscenze sulla flora enterica del cinghiale selvatico e pongono questioni di sicurezza pubblica sulla gestione dei mammiferi selvatici.

Investigating the role of free-ranging wild boar (Sus scrofa) in the re-emergence of enzootic pneumonia in domestic pig herds: a pathological, prevalence and risk-factor study

Enzootic pneumonia (EP) caused by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae has a significant economic impact on domestic pig production. A control program carried out from 1999 to 2003 successfully reduced disease occurrence in domestic pigs in Switzerland, but recurrent outbreaks suggested a potential role of free-ranging wild boar (Sus scrofa) as a source of re-infection. Since little is known on the epidemiology of EP in wild boar populations, our aims were: (1) to estimate the prevalence of M. hyopneumoniae infections in wild boar in Switzerland; (2) to identify risk factors for infection in wild boar; and (3) to assess whether infection in wild boar is associated with the same gross and microscopic lesions typical of EP in domestic pigs. Nasal swabs, bronchial swabs and lung samples were collected from 978 wild boar from five study areas in Switzerland between October 2011 and May 2013. Swabs were analyzed by qualitative real time PCR and a histopathological study was conducted on lung tissues. Risk factor analysis was performed using multivariable logistic regression modeling. Overall prevalence in nasal swabs was 26.2% (95% CI 23.3-29.3%) but significant geographical differences were observed. Wild boar density, occurrence of EP outbreaks in domestic pigs and young age were identified as risk factors for infection. There was a significant association between infection and lesions consistent with EP in domestic pigs. We have concluded that M. hyopneumoniae is widespread in the Swiss wild boar population, that the same risk factors for infection of domestic pigs also act as risk factors for infection of wild boar, and that infected wild boar develop lesions similar to those found in domestic pigs. However, based on our data and the outbreak pattern in domestic pigs, we propose that spillover from domestic pigs to wild boar is more likely than transmission from wild boar to pigs.

Towards harmonised procedures in wildlife epidemiological investigations: A serosurvey of infection with Mycobacterium bovis and closely related agents in wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Switzerland

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a (re-)emerging disease in European countries, including Switzerland. This study assesses the seroprevalence of infection with Mycobacterium bovis and closely related agents in wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Switzerland, because wild boar are potential maintenance hosts of these pathogens. The study employs harmonised laboratory methods to facilitate comparison with the situation in other countries. Eighteen out of 743 blood samples tested seropositive (2.4%, CI: 1.5-3.9%) by ELISA, and the results for 61 animals previously assessed using culture and PCR indicated that this serological test was not 100% specific for M. bovis, cross-reacting with M. microti. Nevertheless, serology appears to be an appropriate test methodology in the harmonisation of wild boar testing throughout Europe. In accordance with previous findings, the low seroprevalence found in wild boar suggests wildlife is an unlikely source of the M. bovis infections recently detected in cattle in Switzerland. This finding contrasts with the epidemiological situation pertaining in southern Spain.

First detection of sarcoptic mange in free-ranging wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Switzerland.

In Switzerland sarcoptic mange is frequent in free-ranging wild carnivores but until recent years no cases had been recorded in wild ungulates. Since 2010, cases have been observed in wild boar in the cantons of Solothurn, Tessin and Thurgau. Here, we report the detection of mange-like skin lesions in wild boars by photo-trapping and the post-mortem findings in 6 culled animals presenting different stages of the disease. Potential sources of infection include mangy red foxes, outdoor domestic pigs and wild boars from surrounding countries. Disease spread in the wild boar population may become relevant not only for wildlife but also for domestic pig health in the future if piggeries' biosecurity is insufficient to prevent interactions with wild boar.