New Products and Markets for Menhaden, Brevoortia spp.

Although menhaden, Brevoortia spp., represent 23.5 percent of United States commercial fishery landings, they represent only about 2.6 percent of the total landed value of fishery products. New food products and markets are needed to increase the economic value of the menhaden resource. This paper describes investigations of menhaden as a raw material for both traditional and new forms of food products. Canned menhaden is a logical food product, but the production of a menhaden surimi with good functionality has recently been demonstrated. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has placed partially hydrogenated menhaden oil on the GRAS list of ingredients for food products, but a decision on the status of nutritionally beneficial refined menhaden oil is not yet available. Refined menhaden oil is currently the raw material for biomedical test materials being used in research approved by the National Institutes of Health to determine the health benefits of fish oils and omega-3 fatty acids. The test materials are being produced, with strict quality controls, at the NMFS Charleston Laboratory.

Flavour components of some processed. fish and fishery products of Japan

A study was conducted to examine the flavour components of some processed fish and fishery products of Japan by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In brief the method was to absorb the headspace volatiles at 70°C into the fused silica fibre of needle of the solid phase micro extraction fibre. The absorbed components were injected to the GC-MS. The components were identified by computer matching with library database as well as by authentic standard components. In general the number of flavour components were higher in the processed fish and fishery products (except frozen prawn) than that of the raw fish and prawn. The concentration (quantity) of the f1avour components in processed fish and fishery products was much higher than that of the raw fish and prawn. Smoked salmon and baked salmon possessed double number of flavour components than that of the raw salmon. Smoking resulted the highest number of flavour components followed by baking (grilling) and canning, surimi products (kamaboko and chikuwa), drying and lastly salting. However, freezing and frozen storage resulted loss of flavour components in prawn.

Studies on the suitability of producing value-added products from silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix

Silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix is contributing significantly to the total production of fish through aquaculture in Bangladesh. However, its low market price has become a serious concern to the fish farmers. The suitability of silver carp mince for the production of various value-added products (VAPs) - surimi, fish sausage, fish burger and fish stick was studied during April-September 2000 to ensure more appropriate and profitable utilization of silver carp. Surimi/frozen mince block was produced by washing the silver carp mince with 0.1% NaCl for 7-8 min (4-5 min agitation and 3-4 min settling). A two-step heating schedule for incubation at 50°C for 2 h and cooking at 95°C for 30 min gave high textured good quality consumer product. With the addition of cryoprotectants, surimi could be kept frozen for 5 months without loosing [sic] much of its textural and sensory qualities. Mince-mix and a batter with different ingredients and spices were formulated to produce fish burger using potato smash as the binding agent. Fish flake-mix and a batter with different ingredients and spices were formulated to prepare fish stick using both potato starch and potato smash as filler ingredients. Unwashed and washed frozen mince block or fresh flesh of silver carp was used to prepare fish sausage by heating at 100°C for 1 h after incubating at 50°C for 2 h. A spice-mix formulated with various local spices at the rate of 1.0-1.2% gave good texture and flavor to the sausage. A good-appeared sausage-pink color was developed by combining three food-grade colors of asthaxanthin. Products prepared with potato starch, potato smash and rice smash had an acceptable bacterial load in refrigeration (5°C) for up to 8 days and in room temperature (28°C) for up to 3 days. No coliform bacteria were found in the products prepared.

Influence of collagen content on the texture andstorage quality of fish mince basedproducts

Objectives of the present study are to find out the proximate composition of 20 commercially important tropical fish species on the west coast of India. To determine the collagen content in these commercially important fish species and fractionation of collagen into acid soluble collagen (ASC) and hot water soluble (insoluble) collagen (ISC). To classify fishes according to its collagen content and To study the different storage characteristics in the mince based product—surimi, from different species of fishes. The researcher tries to find out a suitable collagen source to incorporate in surimi. and studies the different storage qualities in the mince based product, surimi at different levels of collagen in different species of fishes. The optimum collagen level to get desirable texture and storage quality for mince based product. The researcher aims to develop some products from surimi with desirable level of collagen. And compare the products prepared from surimi of lesser collagen content fish containing desirable level of collagen with surimi prepared with high collagen content fish without collagen. This study gains in importance as there is littleinformation on the collagen content of different species of fishes in India. So far no attempt was made to classify fishes according to its collagen content.

An evaluation of the suitability of selected waste products in feeds for three fish species

Five types of aquatic food industry waste products (carp offal, carp roe, fish frames, trout offal and surimi processing waste) together with fish meal were evaluated for their suitability as potential fish meal replacements, partially or wholly, in diets for three species (rainbow trout, Murray cod and shortfin eel) cultured in Australia, using a number of criteria.

The proximate composition of the ingredients on a dry matter basis including protein content, lipid and ash, varied considerably. The essential amino acid (EAA) contents of the waste products and fish meal decreased in the order: carp roe > fish meal > carp offal > 'surimi' processing waste > fish frames > trout offal. The results of cluster analysis of A/E ratios of waste products and fish whole body fell within three clusters. The EAAI of whole body tissue of Murray cod, rainbow trout and Australian shortfin eel however, were closest to fish meal, followed by fish frame waste and/or 'surimi' waste. The results on A/E ratios and EAAI did not conform to the raw data on TAA and EAA. Therefore, the study emphasizes the need to have a multi-prong approach to determine the suitability of ingredients for incorporation into fish feeds.

Valor agregado aos resíduos do processamento de tilápia: aspectos tecnológicos, químicos e microestruturais

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Restructured products from tilapia industry by products: the effects of tapioca starch and washing cycles

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Hidrolisados protéicos de anchoita (engraulis anchoita): obtenção, atividade antioxidante e aplicação em embutido emulsionado

Uma alternativa para pescados subaproveitados e subprodutos da industrialização de pescado é o desenvolvimento de processos para recuperação e/ou alteração das proteínas musculares de pescados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi a obtenção de hidrolisados protéicos de carne mecanicamente separada (CMS) de anchoita (Engraulis anchoita) e a avaliação da sua atividade antioxidante, aplicando-os bem embutido preparado com o surimi de anchoita. Foram produzidos diferentes hidrolisados com as enzimas microbianas Alcalase, Flavourzyme e Protamex, fixando a concentração de substrato e de enzima e os parâmetros pH e temperatura foram variados. Os hidrolisados foram efetivos contra a inibição da peroxidação lipídica (43,8±0,2%) e no poder redutor, onde o hidrolisado com a enzima Flavourzyme em 1 hora de reação mostrou-se mais efetivo. No seqüestro de radicais livres, como o DPPH, o hidrolisado com a enzima Flavourzyme, obtido em tempo de hidrólise de 5 horas, alcançou valores acima de 45,0% em concentração de 5 mg/mL. Na produção de surimi foram testadas lavagens da CMS de anchoita com soluções de bicarbonato de sódio 0,5%, ácido fosfórico 0,05% e cloreto de sódio 0,3%. O maior rendimento (90,5%) e uma coloração mais clara (W= 50,24±1,81) foram encontrados no surimi obtido por lavagens com bicarbonato de sódio e cloreto de sódio (BS), em comparação ao surimi que se utilizou água, ácido fosfórico e cloreto de sódio (AF) ou com soluções de cloreto de sódio, ácido fosfórico e bicarbonato de sódio (AB). Na força de gel o surimi AF (1154,25 ± 4,37 g.mm) obteve maior valor, sendo utilizado para a produção de salsichas. Foram analisadas diferentes concentrações de surimi (70, 75 e 80%) em salsichas, que foram submetidas às análises de cor e textura. Não houve influência da concentração de surimi nas características tecnológicas da salsicha, exceto nos valores de luminosidade. A salsicha com 75% de surimi de anchoita foi caracterizada pela composição proximal, valor energético total (VET) e conteúdo de sódio. A salsicha com surimi e comercial apresentou composição semelhante. O produto com surimi apresentou menor VET (193,7Kcal/100g) e conteúdo de sódio (520 mg/100g) que a salsicha comercial. Nas condições de estudo, no embutido emulsionado, não foi verificada ação antioxidante de hidrolisados, porém houve efeito sobre a CMS de anchoita.