Kailas, Uuno

Uuno Kailas, urspr. Frans Uuno Salonen f. 29.3.1901 i Heinola landskommun d. 21.3.1933 i Nizza, Frankrike Uuno Kailas författarbana varade endast ett decennium (1922-1932). Under denna tid blev han känd som en prototyp för den lidande konstnären, och som en speciellt skicklig brukare av versmått och slutrim. Teman i Kailas dikter är en hänförd livseufori, men samtidigt en djup och dyster känsla av skuld. I sin sena produktion närmar han sig ändå en lugnare, mera klassiskt lakonisk lyrisk stil. Hans dikter behåller ändå sin sensualism och tidningen Kotimaa (sv. hemlandet) hotade honom rentav med tryckfrihetsåtal. Dikten ”Talo” (sv. ”Gården”) i diktsamlingen Uni ja kuolema (1931, sv. Drömmen och döden) gestaltar en känsla förbunden med att avstå eller dra sig tillbaka som är typisk för Kailas lyrik: ”Vain kaks on ovea mulla,/kaks, uneen ja kuolemaan.” (”Blott drömmens utgång och dödens/finns där tillreds för mig.”, tolkning till svenska av Arvid Mörne). http://www.blf.fi/artikel.php?id=4878 http://www.kansallisbiografia.fi/kb/artikkeli/4878/

Food system transition towards sustainability: Inside thoughts of pioneers

The objective of this Master’s Thesis is to find individuals’ inducements that assist innovation adoption in the framework of sustainable food system. The purpose of the thesis is to examine the reasons why individuals adopt sustainable approaches, and furthermore, to see by what means the transition to the more sustainable food system could be accelerated. The study’s focal point is on the micro level, even if the wider purpose is to accelerate the holistic change of food system in the near future. The study consists of a literature review and a qualitative research, which is actualized with semi-structured interviews. The results indicate that individuals adopt innovations based on their strong intrinsic motivation. The main inducements were environment-related and health-related aspects, and individual’s deep connection to the countryside. The effect of social circle and doing good actions with the consuming behavior were also highlighted. Strongest barriers to innovation adoption seem to be price sensitivity, lack of easiness, and lack of interest in food. The findings indicate also that the most significant means that could ease the individuals’ decision to adopt an innovation are health-related aspects, educating and learning, environmental aspects, and decreasing the prices. Although the theoretical part of the study highlights the effect of positive reinforcement, the empirical part neglects it.

Deep generative models for facial keypoints detection

A new area of machine learning research called deep learning, has moved machine learning closer to one of its original goals: artificial intelligence and general learning algorithm. The key idea is to pretrain models in completely unsupervised way and finally they can be fine-tuned for the task at hand using supervised learning. In this thesis, a general introduction to deep learning models and algorithms are given and these methods are applied to facial keypoints detection. The task is to predict the positions of 15 keypoints on grayscale face images. Each predicted keypoint is specified by an (x,y) real-valued pair in the space of pixel indices. In experiments, we pretrained deep belief networks (DBN) and finally performed a discriminative fine-tuning. We varied the depth and size of an architecture. We tested both deterministic and sampled hidden activations and the effect of additional unlabeled data on pretraining. The experimental results show that our model provides better results than publicly available benchmarks for the dataset.

Content marketing performance measurement system in the context of customer acquisition

This thesis examines how content marketing is used in B2B customer acquisition and how content marketing performance measurement system is built and utilized in this context. Literature related to performance measurement, branding and buyer behavior is examined in the theoretical part in order to identify the elements influence on content marketing performance measurement design and usage. Qualitative case study is chosen in order to gain deep understanding of the phenomenon studied. The case company is a Finnish software vendor, which operates in B2B markets and has practiced content marketing for approximately two years. The in-depth interviews were conducted with three employees from marketing department. According to findings content marketing performance measurement system’s infrastructure is based on target market’s decision making processes, company’s own customer acquisition process, marketing automation tool and analytics solutions. The main roles of content marketing performance measurement system are measuring performance, strategy management and learning and improvement. Content marketing objectives in the context of customer acquisition are enhancing brand awareness, influencing brand attitude and lead generation. Both non-financial and financial outcomes are assessed by single phase specific metrics, phase specific overall KPIs and ratings related to lead’s involvement.

Astangan sydän. Uskontoetnografinen tarkastelu astangajoogaajien Mysoresta ja Mysoreen matkustamisesta

Tutkielman aiheena on astangajoogan kotikaupunki Mysore Intiassa ja siellä sijaitseva Krishna Pattabhi Jois Ashtanga Yoga Institute -joogakoulu (KPJAYI). Mysorella on erityinen asema astangajoogan kontekstissa ja sadat astangajoogaajat ympäri maailmaa matkustavat Mysoreen joogamaan useiden kuukausien ajaksi. Tutkielman tarkoituksena on selvittää miksi Mysoreen matkustetaan, miksi Mysorella on erityinen asema ja miten tuota asemaa pidetään yllä. Olen koostanut tutkielman aineiston kolmen kuukauden etnografisen kenttätyön aikana Mysoressa. Aineistoa ovat yhdeksän suomalaisen astangajoogaajan haastattelut ja kenttäpäiväkirja, joka rajautuu varsinaisen analyysin ulkopuolelle. Aineiston olen analysoinut sisällönanalyysin menetelmin. Tutkijan position paikantajana ja itsereflektion keinona olen käyttänyt autoetnografiaa, sillä olen itsekin astangajoogaaja. Tutkielman keskeiset teoreettiset käsitteet ovat pyhiinvaellus ja uskonnollinen matka, tila ja paikka sekä autenttisuus. Olen hyödyntänyt Victor ja Edith Turnerin kulttuuriantropologisia huomioita pyhiinvaelluksesta ja tuonut sen rinnalle kulttuurimaantieteilijä Doreen Masseyn näkemykset tilan ja paikan sosiaalisesta ja muuttuvasta luonteesta. Lisäksi peilaan aineistoa uskontotieteilijä Thomas Tweedin teoriaan uskontojen risteyksistä ja rajojen ylittämisistä: Tweedin mukaan uskonnoissa on kyse sekä maantieteellisten, sosiaalisten, henkilökohtaisten että yliluonnollisten rajojen ylittämisistä. Autenttisuus taas liittyy käsitykseen aidosta joogasta, sen harjoittelusta ja alkuperästä. Joogaajilla on Mysoreen matkustamiseen useita eri syitä, kuten irtiotto arjesta, harjoitukseen syventyminen ja halu olla Intian kaltaisessa ympäristössä. Mysoren erityinen asema taasen rakentuu KPJAYI:n opettajien, astangatradition ja joogasalin erityisen luonteen varaan. Yksinkertaisesti todettuna Mysore on rajaamista. Mysoren erityistä asemaa pidetään yllä rajaamalla astangajoogaajien Mysorea erilleen muista paikoista esimerkiksi korostamalla Mysoren tasa-arvoistavaa luonnetta ja joogasalin erityisyyttä. Mysoren voi todeta olevan astangajoogan sydän, sillä aineiston perusteella Mysore edustaa aitoa, syvää, puhdasta ja säilyvää (astanga)joogaa, jossa olennaista on traditioon sitoutuminen, parampara.

Astangan sydän. Uskontoetnografinen tarkastelu astangajoogaajien Mysoresta ja Mysoreen matkustamisesta

Tutkielman aiheena on astangajoogan kotikaupunki Mysore Intiassa ja siellä sijaitseva Krishna Pattabhi Jois Ashtanga Yoga Institute -joogakoulu (KPJAYI). Mysorella on erityinen asema astangajoogan kontekstissa ja sadat astangajoogaajat ympäri maailmaa matkustavat Mysoreen joogamaan useiden kuukausien ajaksi. Tutkielman tarkoituksena on selvittää miksi Mysoreen matkustetaan, miksi Mysorella on erityinen asema ja miten tuota asemaa pidetään yllä. Olen koostanut tutkielman aineiston kolmen kuukauden etnografisen kenttätyön aikana Mysoressa. Aineistoa ovat yhdeksän suomalaisen astangajoogaajan haastattelut ja kenttäpäiväkirja, joka rajautuu varsinaisen analyysin ulkopuolelle. Aineiston olen analysoinut sisällönanalyysin menetelmin. Tutkijan position paikantajana ja itsereflektion keinona olen käyttänyt autoetnografiaa, sillä olen itsekin astangajoogaaja. Tutkielman keskeiset teoreettiset käsitteet ovat pyhiinvaellus ja uskonnollinen matka, tila ja paikka sekä autenttisuus. Olen hyödyntänyt Victor ja Edith Turnerin kulttuuriantropologisia huomioita pyhiinvaelluksesta ja tuonut sen rinnalle kulttuurimaantieteilijä Doreen Masseyn näkemykset tilan ja paikan sosiaalisesta ja muuttuvasta luonteesta. Lisäksi peilaan aineistoa uskontotieteilijä Thomas Tweedin teoriaan uskontojen risteyksistä ja rajojen ylittämisistä: Tweedin mukaan uskonnoissa on kyse sekä maantieteellisten, sosiaalisten, henkilökohtaisten että yliluonnollisten rajojen ylittämisistä. Autenttisuus taas liittyy käsitykseen aidosta joogasta, sen harjoittelusta ja alkuperästä. Joogaajilla on Mysoreen matkustamiseen useita eri syitä, kuten irtiotto arjesta, harjoitukseen syventyminen ja halu olla Intian kaltaisessa ympäristössä. Mysoren erityinen asema taasen rakentuu KPJAYI:n opettajien, astangatradition ja joogasalin erityisen luonteen varaan. Yksinkertaisesti todettuna Mysore on rajaamista. Mysoren erityistä asemaa pidetään yllä rajaamalla astangajoogaajien Mysorea erilleen muista paikoista esimerkiksi korostamalla Mysoren tasa-arvoistavaa luonnetta ja joogasalin erityisyyttä. Mysoren voi todeta olevan astangajoogan sydän, sillä aineiston perusteella Mysore edustaa aitoa, syvää, puhdasta ja säilyvää (astanga)joogaa, jossa olennaista on traditioon sitoutuminen, parampara.

University students’ regulation of learning and text processing – examples from medical and teacher education

The general aim of the thesis was to study university students’ learning from the perspective of regulation of learning and text processing. The data were collected from the two academic disciplines of medical and teacher education, which share the features of highly scheduled study, a multidisciplinary character, a complex relationship between theory and practice and a professional nature. Contemporary information society poses new challenges for learning, as it is not possible to learn all the information needed in a profession during a study programme. Therefore, it is increasingly important to learn how to think and learn independently, how to recognise gaps in and update one’s knowledge and how to deal with the huge amount of constantly changing information. In other words, it is critical to regulate one’s learning and to process text effectively. The thesis comprises five sub-studies that employed cross-sectional, longitudinal and experimental designs and multiple methods, from surveys to eye tracking. Study I examined the connections between students’ study orientations and the ways they regulate their learning. In total, 410 second-, fourth- and sixth-year medical students from two Finnish medical schools participated in the study by completing a questionnaire measuring both general study orientations and regulation strategies. The students were generally deeply oriented towards their studies. However, they regulated their studying externally. Several interesting and theoretically reasonable connections between the variables were found. For instance, self-regulation was positively correlated with deep orientation and achievement orientation and was negatively correlated with non-commitment. However, external regulation was likewise positively correlated with deep orientation and achievement orientation but also with surface orientation and systematic orientation. It is argued that external regulation might function as an effective coping strategy in the cognitively loaded medical curriculum. Study II focused on medical students’ regulation of learning and their conceptions of the learning environment in an innovative medical course where traditional lectures were combined wth problem-based learning (PBL) group work. First-year medical and dental students (N = 153) completed a questionnaire assessing their regulation strategies of learning and views about the PBL group work. The results indicated that external regulation and self-regulation of the learning content were the most typical regulation strategies among the participants. In line with previous studies, self-regulation wasconnected with study success. Strictly organised PBL sessions were not considered as useful as lectures, although the students’ views of the teacher/tutor and the group were mainly positive. Therefore, developers of teaching methods are challenged to think of new solutions that facilitate reflection of one’s learning and that improve the development of self-regulation. In Study III, a person-centred approach to studying regulation strategies was employed, in contrast to the traditional variable-centred approach used in Study I and Study II. The aim of Study III was to identify different regulation strategy profiles among medical students (N = 162) across time and to examine to what extent these profiles predict study success in preclinical studies. Four regulation strategy profiles were identified, and connections with study success were found. Students with the lowest self-regulation and with an increasing lack of regulation performed worse than the other groups. As the person-centred approach enables us to individualise students with diverse regulation patterns, it could be used in supporting student learning and in facilitating the early diagnosis of learning difficulties. In Study IV, 91 student teachers participated in a pre-test/post-test design where they answered open-ended questions about a complex science concept both before and after reading either a traditional, expository science text or a refutational text that prompted the reader to change his/her beliefs according to scientific beliefs about the phenomenon. The student teachers completed a questionnaire concerning their regulation and processing strategies. The results showed that the students’ understanding improved after text reading intervention and that refutational text promoted understanding better than the traditional text. Additionally, regulation and processing strategies were found to be connected with understanding the science phenomenon. A weak trend showed that weaker learners would benefit more from the refutational text. It seems that learners with effective learning strategies are able to pick out the relevant content regardless of the text type, whereas weaker learners might benefit from refutational parts that contrast the most typical misconceptions with scientific views. The purpose of Study V was to use eye tracking to determine how third-year medical studets (n = 39) and internal medicine residents (n = 13) read and solve patient case texts. The results revealed differences between medical students and residents in processing patient case texts; compared to the students, the residents were more accurate in their diagnoses and processed the texts significantly faster and with a lower number of fixations. Different reading patterns were also found. The observed differences between medical students and residents in processing patient case texts could be used in medical education to model expert reasoning and to teach how a good medical text should be constructed. The main findings of the thesis indicate that even among very selected student populations, such as high-achieving medical students or student teachers, there seems to be a lot of variation in regulation strategies of learning and text processing. As these learning strategies are related to successful studying, students enter educational programmes with rather different chances of managing and achieving success. Further, the ways of engaging in learning seldom centre on a single strategy or approach; rather, students seem to combine several strategies to a certain degree. Sometimes, it can be a matter of perspective of which way of learning can be considered best; therefore, the reality of studying in higher education is often more complicated than the simplistic view of self-regulation as a good quality and external regulation as a harmful quality. The beginning of university studies may be stressful for many, as the gap between high school and university studies is huge and those strategies that were adequate during high school might not work as well in higher education. Therefore, it is important to map students’ learning strategies and to encourage them to engage in using high-quality learning strategies from the beginning. Instead of separate courses on learning skills, the integration of these skills into course contents should be considered. Furthermore, learning complex scientific phenomena could be facilitated by paying attention to high-quality learning materials and texts and other support from the learning environment also in the university. Eye tracking seems to have great potential in evaluating performance and growing diagnostic expertise in text processing, although more research using texts as stimulus is needed. Both medical and teacher education programmes and the professions themselves are challenging in terms of their multidisciplinary nature and increasing amounts of information and therefore require good lifelong learning skills during the study period and later in work life.

Pretraining Convolutional Neural Networks for Visual Recognition

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) have become the state-of-the-art methods on many large scale visual recognition tasks. For a lot of practical applications, CNN architectures have a restrictive requirement: A huge amount of labeled data are needed for training. The idea of generative pretraining is to obtain initial weights of the network by training the network in a completely unsupervised way and then fine-tune the weights for the task at hand using supervised learning. In this thesis, a general introduction to Deep Neural Networks and algorithms are given and these methods are applied to classification tasks of handwritten digits and natural images for developing unsupervised feature learning. The goal of this thesis is to find out if the effect of pretraining is damped by recent practical advances in optimization and regularization of CNN. The experimental results show that pretraining is still a substantial regularizer, however, not a necessary step in training Convolutional Neural Networks with rectified activations. On handwritten digits, the proposed pretraining model achieved a classification accuracy comparable to the state-of-the-art methods.

Kjernefulde ordsprog, udsogte ved R. Nyerup. Med bidrag til danske cordprogs litteratur.

Mode of access: Internet.

Jokainen on oma yrittäjänsä. Identiteetti, talous ja yhteiskunta Image-lehdessä vuosina 1990–1993

Tutkielman aiheena ovat lausumat identiteetistä, taloudesta ja yhteiskunnasta aikakauslehti Imagessa vuosina 1990–1993. Tutkielman alkuperäislähteinä on käytetty Imagen artikkeleita, joita tarkastellaan 1990-luvun alun Suomen yhteiskunnallisen murroksen kontekstia vasten. Tälle aikakaudelle keskeisiä tekijöitä olivat syvä lama, Neuvostoliiton romahdus sekä EU-jäsenyyshanke. Tutkielma käsittelee yhteiskunnallisen murroksen kuvaamista sekä lehden tekijöiden ihanteita ja argumentaatiota vertailevan diskurssianalyysin keinoin. Työssä lausumia käsitellään temaattisesti liittäen ne esimerkiksi sukupolvikapinan, globalisaation ja kilpailutalouden puheavaruuksiin. Vuonna 1985 perustettu Image haki 1990-luvun alkupuolella paikkaansa julkaisuna. Vapaaehtoisvoimin toimitetusta kulttuurialbumista alettiin muovata kaupallista aikakauslehteä, joka tähtäsi kunnianhimoiseen yhteiskunnalliseen journalismiin. Tekijät halusivat haastaa vakiintuneen suomalaisen identiteetin ja korostaa kaupunkilaisen kulutuskulttuurin ja luovan työn merkitystä syvän taloustaantuman keskellä. Tutkielmassa esitettyjen tulosten mukaan Imagen 1990-luvun alun retoriikassa keskeistä oli Suomen liberalisoiminen. Yksilöllisempää, moniäänisempää ja kriittisempää kansalaisuutta ajettiin voimakkaasti samalla, kun Suomi haluttiin sitoa länsieurooppalaiseen viitekehykseen. Johtajavaltaiseksi koettua suomalaisuutta, korporatiivista kulttuuria ja suurten ikäluokkien valta-asemaa kritisoitiin lehdessä runsaasti. Tilalle haluttiin tuoda kosmopoliittinen identiteetti, joka kiinnittyisi etenkin luovaan työhön ja kaupunkilaiseen kulutuskulttuuriin. Image kiinnittyy tarkasteluajankohtansa kontekstissa laajempiin yhteiskunnallisiin puheavaruuksiin, joissa vaaditaan markkinalähtöisempää ja vapaampaa Suomea. Tutkielman keskiöön nouseekin lehden yhteiskunnan ja identiteetin liberalisointia sekä suomalaisen identiteetin uudistamista vaativa retoriikka, jonka yhteydet 2010- luvun talousvetoiseen yhteiskunnalliseen puheeseen ovat selkeät. 1990-luvun alussa esitettyjen puheenvuorojen tarkastelu auttaa siis ymmärtämään myös myöhempää yhteiskunnallista keskustelua.