Morphology of glandular stomach (Ventriculus glandularis) and muscular stomach (Ventriculus muscularis) of the partrigde Rhynchotus rufescens

Vinte perdizes Rhynchotus rufescens adultas foram utilizadas para estudo morfológico do proventrículo e ventrículo gástricos da perdiz Rhynchotus rufescens. Os materiais foram coletados e os comprimentos do proventrículo e do ventrículo gástricos foram avaliados. Para o estudo histológico, fragmentos dos estômagos foram corados pelas técnicas de ácido periódico de Schiff (PAS) e tricromo de Masson. O proventrículo gástrico é alongado, com formato fusiforme direcionado no sentido craniocaudalmente e para a esquerda, e apresenta um comprimento médio 3,20cm nas fêmeas e 3,65cm nos machos. Histologicamente, o proventrículo gástrico é composto por vários lobos e glândulas. A mucosa é formada por epitélio cúbico, sendo bastante pregueada. O ventrículo gástrico tem o formato de uma lente biconvexa, com comprimento médio de 4,30cm nas fêmeas e 4,35cm nos machos. A mucosa é formada por pregas revestidas por células cilíndricas e pelo muco formador da cutícula. Há criptas na base das pregas. em seguida, há uma lâmina própria e uma espessa camada muscular lisa, que se encontra direcionada de acordo com o formato do ventrículo gástrico. A serosa é constituída por uma densa porção de tecido conjuntivo, entremeado por algumas células musculares lisas.

Morphoquantitative aspects of nitrergic myoenteric neurons from the stomach of diabetic rats supplemented with acetyl-L-carnitine

The NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) positive myoenteric neurons from the body of the stomach of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes with or without supplementation with acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) were evaluated. At the age of 105 days the animals were divided into four groups: normoglycaemic (C), normoglycaemic supplemented with ALC (CC), diabetic (D) and diabetic supplemented with ALC (DC). The supplementation with ALC (200 mg/kg body weight/day) to groups CC and DC was made during 105 days. After this period the animals were killed and the stomach removed and subjected to the histochemical technique of NADPH-d for the staining of the neurons of the myoenteric plexus. The area of 500 neurons of each group was investigated, as well as the neuronal density in an area of 23.84 mm(2) in each stomach. ALC promoted reduction (P < 0.05) of fasting glycaemia, water ingestion and areas of the profiles of the cell bodies of the NADPH-d neurons in the diabetic animals. The density of these neurons was not statistically different in the groups studied. It is suggested, therefore, a moderate neuroprotective effect of ALC, because the diminishment of the areas of the neuronal profiles in the supplemented diabetic animals, although being statistically significant relative to the non-supplemented diabetics, was not sufficient to equal the values from the non-diabetic controls.

Quantitative study of the myenteric plexus of the stomach of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes

A proposta deste trabalho foi estudar as alterações morfológicas e quantitativas dos neurônios do plexo mientérico do estômago de ratos com diabetes induzido por estreptozootocina e estabelecer uma comparação com animais não diabéticos. Amostras do corpo do estômago foram submetidas a preparados de membrana corados pelo método da NADH-diaforase e a cortes histológicos corados por hematoxilina-eosina. Observou-se que o diabetes provoca significante redução no número de neurônios.

Carcinogenesis of the upper gastrointestinal tract induced by N-methyl-N '-nitro-nitrosoguanidine and reflux of duodenal contents in the rat

Purpose: To investigate the combined effects of reflux of duodenal contents through the pylorus and treatment with N-methyl-N'-nitro-nitrosoguanidine ( MNNG) on the development of lesions in the glandular stomach, at the gastrojejunal anastomosis and in the forestomach of rats. Methods: Eighty Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: G1: MNNG + Reflux, G2: Reflux, G3: MNNG and G4: Gastrostomy. MNNG was given in the drinking water ( 100 mg/ml) for 12 weeks and then two groups ( G1 and G2) were submitted to a gastrojejunal anastomosis followed by section of the afferent loop and suture of both stumps to allow reflux of duodenal contents through the pylorus. The animals were sacrificed 18 and 36 weeks after surgery. The lesions obtained in the antral mucosa, at the gastrojejunal anastomosis and in the forestomach were analysed histologically. Results: Duodenal reflux induced proliferative lesions at both glandular and squamous mucosa of the stomach. In the antrum, adenomatous hyperplasia (AH) was observed in 20% and 50% of the animals at the 18(th) and 36(th) weeks respectively. Aditionally 85% of the animals presented AH at the gastrojejunal anastomosis and 60% developed squamous hyperplasia at the squamous portion of the stomach. MNNG treatment plus duodenal reflux enhanced the development of malignant tumors at both glandular and squamous mucosa, since there were 30% of antral adenocarcinomas and 45% of squamous carcinomas at the 18th week and the frequency of these malignant tumors rose to 50% in the antrum and 65% in the squamous mucosa at the 36th week. Conclusion: The reflux of duodenal contents through the pylorus enhanced the development of proliferative lesions, benign and malignant, in the glandular stomach and in the forestomach of rats.

Magnetic images of the disintegration process of tablets in the human stomach by ac biosusceptometry

Oral administration of solid dosage forms is usually preferred in drug therapy. Conventional imaging methods are essential tools to investigate the in vivo performance of these formulations. The non-invasive technique of ac biosusceptometry has been introduced as an alternative in studies focusing on gastrointestinal motility and, more recently, to evaluate the behaviour of magnetic tablets in vivo. The aim of this work was to employ a multisensor ac biosusceptometer system to obtain magnetic images of disintegration of tablets in vitro and in the human stomach. The results showed that the transition between the magnetic marker and the magnetic tracer characterized the onset of disintegration (t(50)) and occurred in a short time interval (1.1 +/- 0.4 min). The multisensor ac biosusceptometer was reliable to monitor and analyse the in vivo performance of magnetic tablets showing accuracy to quantify disintegration through the magnetic images and to characterize the profile of this process.

Lesions (ulcers and/or erosions) and desquamations location in the gastric mucosa from asymptomatic Quarter Horse foals: endoscopic survey

A úlcera gástrica figura como uma importante causa de desconforto abdominal em eqüinos jovens. de acordo com a localização das lesões na mucosa gástrica, a presença ou ausência de sinais clínicos e possíveis complicações resultantes de sua ocorrência, quatro síndromes clínicas são freqüentemente descritas em potros: 1) Úlceras assintomáticas ou silenciosas; 2) Úlceras sintomáticas ou ativas; 3) Úlceras perfuradas; e 4) Obstruções gástrica ou duodenal. Com o objetivo de se verificar a distribuição de lesões gástricas (úlceras e/ou erosões) e descamações do epitélio aglandular no estômago de eqüinos jovens assim como uma possível relação entre as alterações mencionadas (lesão/descamação) sessenta potros da raça Quarto de Milha não-portadores de sinais clínicos compatíveis com úlceras gástricas foram submetidos à gastroscopia. Os potros foram divididos em quatro faixas etárias de 15 animais cada uma, sendo: 1 a 30 dias, 31 a 60 dias, 61 a 90 dias e 91 a 120 dias de idade. As lesões ocorreram em ordem decrescente de freqüência nas regiões aglandular próximo ao margo plicatus ao longo da curvatura maior, aglandular próximo à cárdia ao longo da curvatura menor, fundo glandular e aglandular e antro. As descamações do epitélio aglandular ocorreram de forma similar nas regiões de fundo e margo plicatus. Não houve associação entre a ocorrência de lesões e descamações.

Ultrastructural features of the glandular region of the stomach of Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887) with emphasis on the oxyntopeptic cell

The characteristics of the lining and glandular epithelial types of the wall of the stomach of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887) were studied by transmission electron microscopy. Columnar mucous cells were observed in the lining epithelial surface and the glandular epithelium that invaginated in the lamina propria showed secretory cells or oxyntopeptic cells as called by some authors in the literature. The columnar epithelial cells are narrow and show a basal nucleus. They are rich in organelles and contain secretory granules of round or rectangular shape heterogeneously electron dense in the apical portion. In the basal region of the glands there are secretory cells. The luminal half of these cells has abundant tubules (tubulo-vesicular system) that communicate with the external medium. Deeper basally in the cytoplasm there are the nucleus, mitochondria of various shapes and other scattered organelles.

Disintegration of magnetic tablets in human stomach evaluated by alternate current Biosusceptometry

Oral administration is the most convenient route for drug therapy. The knowledge of the gastrointestinal transit and specific site for drug delivery is a prerequisite for development of dosage forms. The aim of this work was to demonstrate that is possible to monitor the disintegration process of film-coated magnetic tablets by multi-sensor alternate current Biosusceptometry (ACB) in vivo and in vitro. This method is based on the recording of signals produced by the magnetic tablet using a seven sensors array and signal-processing techniques. The disintegration was confirmed by signals analysis in healthy human volunteers' measurements and in vitro experiments. Results showed that ACB is efficient to characterize the disintegration of dosage forms in the stomach, being a research tool for the development of new pharmaceutical dosage forms. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Validation of ACB in vitro and in vivo as a biomagnetic method for measuring stomach contraction

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Electrical and mechanical effects of hyoscine butylbromide on the human stomach: a non-invasive approach

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Histology and Histochemistry of the Stomach Epithelium of Pachycondyla (= Neoponera) villosa (Formicidae: Ponerinae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effects of myenteric denervation on extracellular matrix fibers and mast cell distribution in normal stomach and gastric lesions

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Stomach contents and notes on the reproduction of the Onefin Skate Gurgesiella dorsalifera (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae) off Southern Brazil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Tricobezoar gástrico: relato de caso e revisão da literatura

Bezoar é a impactação de material estranho no interior do trato digestivo, originado a partir da ingestão de diversas substâncias, incluindo cabelos ou pêlos, fibras vegetais e outros. No presente estudo relata-se caso de um volumoso tricobezoar gástrico observado em uma adolescente de 16 anos, com queixa de dor e tumoração palpável na região epigástrica, diagnosticado através da endoscopia digestiva alta. Dada às proporções do bezoar, a paciente foi submetida à gastrotomia anterior com retirada de uma massa sólida de cabelos, com 1200 g, a qual moldava todo o estômago, desde o fundo até o piloro. Uma grande úlcera de pressão também foi detectada em região antral, cujas biópsias revelaram- se negativas para neoplasia. Após a alta, sem intercorrências, a paciente foi encaminhada ao Serviço de Neuropsiquiatria para o tratamento da tricofagia e prevenção da recorrência, objetivo final, ao nosso ver, de todo o tratamento.

The muscular organization of the stomach of Capybaira (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris): an architectural view

Twenty-two stomachs from adult capybaras were used in this study, and an acid digestion mesoscopic technique was pursued using different concentrations of nitric acid to observe the muscular organization of the stomach. The capybara's stomach possessed a muscular coat composed of four layers or strata: external longitudinal, external oblique, circular and internal oblique. Also, the cardiac and pyloric sphincter muscles were comprised of three or two different layers, respectively. Furthermore, the internal oblique fibres were observed extending from the cardiac portion of the stomach to the smaller curvature, where they participated in the formation of the Ansa cardiaca together with the external. longitudinal fibres. This muscular architectural arrangement was compared to that in small rodents (rat, hamster, guinea pig), as well as in rabbits and pigs. In conclusion, the stomach of the capybara has a very particular, complex and defined muscular organization that differs from that in other rodents, or domestic animals, in particular, pigs. (c) 2005 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.