Integration of Torrefaction with Steam Power Plant

Torrefaction is one of the pretreatment technologies to enhance the fuel characteristics of biomass. The efficient and continuous operation of a torrefaction reactor, in the commercial scale, demands a secure biomass supply, in addition to adequate source of heat. Biorefinery plants or biomass-fuelled steam power plants have the potential to integrate with the torrefaction reactor to exchange heat and mass, using available infrastructure and energy sources. The technical feasibility of this integration is examined in this study. A new model for the torrefaction process is introduced and verified by the available experimental data. The torrefaction model is then integrated in different steam power plants to simulate possible mass and energy exchange between the reactor and the plants. The performance of the integrated plant is investigated for different configurations and the results are compared.

Comparison of energy balances of steam explosion and torrefaction technologies

The present study introduce two pretreatment technologies which are torrefaction and steam explosion, and compare energy balance for both technologies to investigate and compare the use of these technologies to improve pelletization. In this research, torrefaction and steam explosion pretreatments were accomplished on the mixed small diameter wood (70%) with moisture content of 40 %, and logging residues (30%) with moisture content of 45 % at temperature 230 ̊C, and treatment duration 10 min. Competing methods were evaluated, and the results showed higher volumetric energy for steam explosion pellet than torrefied pellet.

Morphological characterization with image analysis of cocoa beverage powder agglomerated with steam

In this study, the morphological characteristics of cocoa beverage powder granules under minimal, average, and maximal process conditions of a steam agglomerator were studied. a stereoscopic microscope coupled to a digital camera was used for the morphological analysis. The images were analyzed to obtain shape and size descriptors. aiming to evaluate the descriptors, 150 particles were analyzed. The results showed that there was no difference between the shape descriptors - compacity, circularity, roughness, and aspect ratio - in the operating conditions evaluated. It was observed that the cocoa beverage powder granules are elongated in shape. The size descriptors, area, perimeter, perimeter of convex bounding polygon, minimal and maximal Feret diameter, were different in the process conditions for the granules of size above 600 μm. as for the minimal process conditions, especially due to low solid feed rates, there is an increase in the size descriptor values. In addition, under the minimum process conditions, in which there is low solid feed rate (400g/min) for a steam pressure of 1.0 bar, it was obtained a good granular condition with retention of 81.1% of granules on sieves with aperture size between 300 and 1190 μm.

Droplet Deposition in the Last Stage of Steam Turbine

During the expansion of steam in turbine, the steam crosses the saturation line and hence subsequent turbine stages run under wet condition. The stages under wet condition run with low efficiency as compared to stages running with supersaturated steam and the life of the last stage cascade is reduced due to erosion. After the steam crosses the saturation line it does not condense immediately but instead it becomes supersaturated which is a meta-stable state and reversion of equilibrium results in the formation of large number of small droplets in the range of 0.05 - 1 μm. Although these droplets are small enough to follow the stream lines of vapor however some of the fog droplets are deposited on the blade surface. After deposition they coagulate into films and rivulets which are then drawn towards the trailing edge of the blade due to viscous drag of the steam. These large droplets in the range of radius 100 μm are accelerated by steam until they impact on the next blade row causing erosion. The two phenomenon responsible for deposition are inertial impaction and turbulent-diffusion. This work shall discuss the deposition mechanism in steam turbine in detail and numerically model and validate with practical data.

Receipt from Rolph Smith Lithographers by Steam Power and Co. of Toronto

Receipt from Rolph Smith Lithographers by Steam Power and Co. of Toronto for a name plate, Aug. 23, 1886.

Receipt from John Burrow, Steam and Gas Fitter and Plumber

Receipt from John Burrow, Steam and Gas Fitter and Plumber, St. Catharines for work done, March 31, 1887.

Broadside with a coloured picture of a case engine and tender [steam engine]

Broadside, 47 cm. x 31 cm. with a coloured picture of a case engine and tender [steam engine] printed by Meyer-Rotier of Milwaukee. On the back is a sketch of a building. This has a stamp on the back which indicates that this is an exhibit in the High Court of Justice in Coburg in the case of Bigelow vs. Powers et al. This item has been torn down the middle and taped. This does not affect the text nor picture, Oct. 11, 1909.

Trends in steam generator designs for electric utility and indus trial applications

UANL

California : A history of Upper and Lower California from their first discovery to the present time, comprising an account of the climate, soil, natural productions, agriculture, commerce, Sc. A full view of the missionary establishments and condition of the free and domesticated indians. With an appendix relation to steam navigation in the Pacific. Illustrated with a new map, plans of the harbours, and numerous engravings

UANL

Une usine de wagons de trains de marchandises.

Rapport de recherche

The Steam Engine

UANL

Trains.

Esboza las principales características y los usos apropiados de los trenes como forma de transporte contestando preguntas como qué es un tren, qué aspecto tiene, cómo eran hace tiempo, qué es un tren de pasajeros, qué es un tren de carga, qué es un metro, qué es un tren de alta velocidad. Diseñado para ayudar a concentrarse y aprendera formular las propias preguntas sobre el mundo que nos rodea.Tiene un glosario.