Repercusiones monetarias y reales de la apertura al exterior: el caso chileno

Incluye Bibliografía

Estrategias alternativas de apertura: un modelo de simulación

Incluye Bibliografía

Liberalización financiera y comercial en el contexto de impactos externos y políticas internas inconsistentes

Incluye Bibliografía

Políticas recientes de liberalización y estabilización en los países del Cono Sur: el caso chileno, 1974-1982

Incluye Bibliografía

El costo real de la deuda externa para el acreedor y para el deudor

Incluye Bibliografía

Financiamiento externo de América Latina: hechos, problemas y opciones

Incluye Bibliografía

El proceso de ajuste en los años ochenta: la necesidad de un enfoque global

Incluye Bibliografía

La arquitectura financiera mundial y regional a la luz de la crisis

Incluye bibliografia

Emergencia del euro y sus implicaciones para América Latina y el Caribe

Incluye Bibliografía

El alivio del peso de la deuda: experiencia histórica y necesidad presente

Incluye Bibliografía

Crisis monetaria, dolarización y tipo de cambio

Incluye Bibliografía

Alleviation of the debt burden: historical experience and present need

Includes bibliography

External debt and the reform of the international monetary system

Includes bibliography

Intervención cognitivo-conductual para el control de ansiedad ante la biopsia insicional en pacientes con cáncer de mama

Oncological patients are submitted to invasive exams in order to obtain an accurate diagnosis; these procedures may cause maladaptative reactions (fear, anxiety and pain). Particularly in breast cancer, the most common diagnose technique is the incisional biopsy. Most of the patients are unaware about the procedure and for that reason they may focus their thoughts on possible events such as pain, bleeding, the anesthesia, or the later surgical wound care. Anxiety and pain may provoke physiological, behavioral and emotional complications, and because of this reason, the Behavioral Medicine trained psychologist takes an active role before and after the biopsy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a cognitive-behavioral program to reduce anxiety in women submitted to incisional biopsy for the first time. There were 10 participants from the Hospital Juárez de México, Oncology service; all of them were treated as external patients. The intervention program focused in psycho-education and passive relaxation training using videos, tape-recorded instructions and pamphlets. Anxiety measures were performed using the IDARE-State inventory, and a visual-analogue scale of anxiety (EEF-A), and the measurement of blood pressure and heart rate). Data were analyzed both intrasubject and intersubject using the Wilcoxon test (p≤0.05). The results show a reduction in anxiety (as in punctuation as in ranges) besides, a reduction in the EEF-A.