Synthesis and Characterization of Some Organic Semiconductors and Investigations on the Effect of Swift Heavy Ions on Their Properties

In this work polymers belonging to polyaniline and polyaniline doped with camphor sulphonic acid are synthesised. Cobalt phthalocyanine is an interesting candidate belonging to the tetramers. Studies on the composites containing cobalt phthalocyanine tetramer and polyaniline doped with camphor sulphonic acid for various concentration are also undertaken in order to understand the mechanism. RF plasma polymerised aniline and furfural are prepared. The structural and electrical properties are evaluated. The bombardment of swift heavy ions of these films are carried out and the effect of irradiation on their properties is also investigated.

Comment on "Reappraisal of experimental values of third-order elastic constants of some cubic semiconductors and metals"

In a recent paper A. S. Johal and D. J. Dunstan [Phys. Rev. B 73, 024106 (2006)] have applied multivariate linear regression analysis to the published data of the change in ultrasonic velocity with applied stress. The aim is to obtain the best estimates for the third-order elastic constants in cubic materials. From such an analysis they conclude that uniaxial stress data on metals turns out to be nearly useless by itself. The purpose of this comment is to point out that by a proper analysis of uniaxial stress data it is possible to obtain reliable values of third-order elastic constants in cubic metals and alloys. Cu-based shape memory alloys are used as an illustrative example.

Photoacoustic investigation of the optical and thermal properties of selected amorphous chalcogenide semiconductors

This thesis work has mainly concentrated on the investigation of the ,optical and thermal properties of binary semiconducting chalcogenide glasses belonging to the AivB¥5x and AZBXEX families. The technique used for these studies is a relatively new one namely, the photoacoustic (PA) technique. This technique is based on the detection of acoustic signal produced in an enclosed volume when the sample is irradiated by an intensity modulated radiation. The signal produced depends upon the optical properties of the sample, and the thermal properties of the sample, backing material and the surrounding gas. For the present studies an efficient signal beam gas-microphone PA spectrometer, consisting of a high power Xenon lamp, monochromator, light beam chopper, PA cell with microphone and lock-in amplifier, has been set up. Two PA cells have been fabricated: one for room temperature measurements and another for measurements at high temperatures. With the high temperature PA cell measurements can be taken upto 250°C. Provisions are incorporated. in both the cells to change the volume and to use different backing materials for the sample. The cells have been calibrated by measuring the frequency response of the cells using carbon black as the sample

Avaluació econòmica i ambiental de tractament de compostos orgànics volàtils

L'estudi tracta sobre una empresa fabricant de tints i pintures que tot i està conscienciada amb el medi ambient i utilitzar tècniques de prevenció en origen per disminuir l’emissió de COV a l’atmosfera (les seves emissions es troben dins dels rangs permesos per la legislació en aquest sector), els seus directius pretenen conèixer les alternatives possibles per valorar la possibilitat d'aplicar algun sistema de tractament dels Compostos Orgànics Volàtils a la sortida de la xemeneia, amb la finalitat de recuperar o reduir l’emissió d’aquests contaminants a l’atmosfera. Es presenta una avaluació econòmica i ambiental de diferents sistemes de tractament dels COV aplicables a l’empresa

Fem biogàs : una experiència de tractament dels residus orgànics. 'Hagamos biogás : una experiencia de tratamiento de los residuos orgánicos'.

Describe el proceso de metanización y propone un pequeño experimento práctico a base de construir y hacer funcionar un pequeño digestor. Se pretende familiarizar a los ciudadanos con el proceso y la tecnología de la metanización así como predisponerlos a colaborar en una gestión más racional y sostenible de los residuos.

Anàlisi de la imatge turística percebuda pels agents orgànics: El cas de Girona

Anàlisi empírica de la imatge turística de la ciutat de Girona que transmeten els agents orgànics mitjançant els blogs d’Internet i, a partir d’aquí, deducció de quina és la imatge percebuda pels turistes potencials

Estudi de la complexació dels ions Fe3+ i Al3+ per fosfats i lligands orgànics carboxílics : aplicació a la caracterització química d'aigües per a tractaments industrials i agrícoles

La memòria consisteix en l'estudi de la complexació del Fe3+ i de l'AI3+ per fosfats i lligands orgànics carboxílics (PBTC) en un medi iònic 0.5 M en NaNO3 i una posterior aplicació dels resultats obtinguda a la caracterització química de l'aigua per ús industrial i agrícola. La tècnica analítica emprada per la obtenció de les dades experimentals es fonamenta en la determinació de l'acidesa mitjançant valoracions potenciomètriques. Aquestes dades, transformades en funcions del tipus Z són introduïdes en els programes de càlcul LEGATROP i HYPERQUAD amb l'objectiu de modelar el comportament químic de cada sistema estudiat.

Incidència de microorganismes i de compostos orgànics volàtils en l'aparició de defectes sensorials en suro

La incidència sobre el suro de defectes sensorials amb descriptors de florit-humitat és un dels principals problemes amb què s'enfronta la indústria surera. Els principals compostos relacionats amb aquest defecte son cloroanisoles, metoxipirazines, geosmina i metilisoborneol. Aquesta recerca s'ha fet amb l'objectiu principal d'aprofundir en els mètodes de determinació de compostos volàtils en suro. S'ha desenvolupat una metodologia basada en la microextracció en fase sòlida i la cromatografia de gasos per a l'anàlisi conjunta d'aquests compostos en macerats de suro. El fet que la majoria dels compostos d'interès tingui un origen microbià ha fet necessari completar les anàlisis químiques amb mètodes de detecció i aïllament dels microorganismes susceptibles de produir-los. S'ha utilitzat un mètode per a l'estudi de la diversitat de fongs i bacteris en mostres de suro basat en l'estudi de marcadors genètics mitjançant l'anàlisi en gradients electroforètics desnaturalitzants. Per últim s'ha avaluat la capacitat de producció de defectes sensorials per microorganismes aïllats de suro utilitzant tècniques olfactomètriques.

Changing inter-molecular spin-orbital coupling for generating magnetic field effects in phosphorescent organic semiconductors

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Influence of thermal annealing treatment in oxygen atmosphere on grain boundary chemistry and non-ohmic properties of SnO2 center dot MnO polycrystalline semiconductors

The present work studied the influence of thermal treatment in oxygen rich atmosphere on heterogenous junctions in Mn-doped SnO2 polycrystalline system presenting varistor behavior. The samples were prepared by conventional oxide mixture methodology, and were submitted to heat treatment in oxygen rich atmosphere at 900 degrees C for 2h. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, dc and ac electrical measurements. The results showed that there is an evident relationship between the microstructure heterogeneity and non-ohmic electrical properties. It was found that for this SnO2 center dot MnO-based varistor system the heat treatment in oxygen rich atmosphere does not necessarily increase the varistors properties, which was related to the decrease in the grain boundary resistance. The results are compared with Co-doped SnO2 varistors and ZnO based varistors. (C) 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlay GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Binding energies of excitons trapped by ionized donors in semiconductors

Using the hyperspherical adiabatic approach in a coupled-channel calculation, we present precise binding energies of excitons trapped by impurity donors in semiconductors within the effective-mass approximation. Energies for such three-body systems are presented as a function of the relative electron-hole mass sigma in the range 1 less than or equal to1/sigma less than or equal to6, where the Born-Oppenheimer approach is not efficiently applicable. The hyperspherical approach leads to precise energies using the intuitive picture of potential curves and nonadiabatic couplings in an ab initio procedure. We also present an estimation for a critical value of sigma (sigma (crit)) for which no bound state can be found. Comparisons are given with results of prior work by other authors.

Admittance and dielectric spectroscopy of polycrystalline semiconductors

This text discusses about advantageous, powerful and limitations of admittance and dielectric spectroscopy in the characterization of polycrystalline semiconductors. In the context of polycrystalline semiconductors or dielectric materials, the admittance or dielectric frequency response analyses are shown to be sometimes more useful than impedance spectra analysis, mainly because information on the capacitances or deep trap states are possible to be monitored from admittance or dielectric spectra as a function of dopant concentration or annealing effects. The majority of examples of the application of admittance or dielectric analysis approach were here based on SnO2- and ZnO-based polycrystalline semiconductors devices presenting nonohmic properties. Examples of how to perform the characterization of Schottky barrier in such devices are clearly depicted. The approach is based on findings of the true Mott-Schottky pattern of the barrier by extracting the grain boundary capacitance value from complex capacitance diagram analysis. The equivalent circuit of such kind of devices is mainly consistent with the existence of three parallel elements: the high-frequency limit related to grain boundary capacitances, the complex incremental capacitance at intermediate frequency related to the deep trap relaxation and finally at low frequency region the manifestation of the conductance term representing the dc conductance of the multi-junction device. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

SnO2, ZnO and related polycrystalline compound semiconductors: An overview and review on the voltage-dependent resistance (non-ohmic) feature

The present review describes mainly the history of SnO2-based voltage-dependent resistors, discusses the main characteristics of these polycrystalline semiconductor systems and includes a direct comparison with traditional ZnO-based voltage-dependent resistor systems to establish the differences and similarities, giving details of the basic physical principles involved with the non-ohmic properties in both polycrystalline systems. As an overview, the text also undertakes the main difficulties involved in processing SnO2- and ZnO-based non-ohmic systems, with an evaluation of the contribution of the dopants to the electronic properties and to the final microstructure and consequently to the system's non-ohmic behavior. However, since there are at least two review texts regarding ZnO-based systems [Levinson, L. M., and Philipp, H. R. Ceramic Bulletin 1985;64:639; Clarke, D. R. Journal of American Ceramic Society 1999;82:485], the main focus of the present text is dedicated to the SnO2-based varistor systems, although the basic physical principles described in the text are universally useful in the context of dense polycrystalline devices. However, the readers must be careful of how the microstructure heterogeneity and grain-boundary chemistry are capable to interfere in the global electrical response for particular systems. New perspectives for applications, commercialization and degradation studies involving SnO2-based polycrystalline non-ohmic systems are also outlined, including recent technological developments. Finally, at the end of this review a brief section is particularly dedicated to the presentation and discussions about others emerging non-ohmic polycrystalline ceramic devices (particularly based on perovskite ceramics) which must be deeply studied in the years to come, specially because some of these systems present combined high dielectric and non-ohmic properties. From both scientific and technological point of view these perovskite systems are quite interesting. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.