Mise en voix de l'intime : étude de cinq solos de Marie Brassard

Ce mémoire se penche sur l’évolution des stratégies d’autoreprésentation et d’autofictionnalisation dans cinq solos de Marie Brassard entre 2000 et 2011 – Jimmy, créature de rêve, La noirceur, Peepshow, L’invisible et Moi qui me parle à moi-même dans le futur. L’objectif de cette étude est d’analyser comment les masques vocaux contribuent au dévoilement de soi et produisent de ce fait un sentiment d’intimité malgré l’alternance des effets d’identification et de distanciation qu’ils suscitent. Le premier chapitre montre que, par l’ouverture du moi sur le monde au fil des créations, les protagonistes parviennent bientôt à dire « je » sans avoir la consistance d’un personnage, alors que le moi de l’archiénonciatrice se dilate grâce à la perméabilité et aux permutations continuelles des thèmes, des motifs et des personnages. Le second chapitre analyse le décloisonnement spatial qui affecte la scène et la salle comme la performeuse et ses collaborateurs dans l’établissement d’un véritable dialogisme. À partir de l’étude du corps en scène, le dernier chapitre examine les effets du décloisonnement textuel et spatial, et montre que la mise en évidence du triple rôle endossé par Brassard – auteure, actrice et agenceure scénique – oblige à reconsidérer la nature du corps qui s’offre au regard durant la représentation, en invitant le spectateur à s’investir dans le jeu scénique au-delà des évidences.

Intimité au Québec : étude ethnographique d'un réseau personnel

Cette recherche a pour objectif général de rendre compte de l’expérience de l’intimité, de la famille à l’amitié, tel qu’elle est quotidiennement vécue dans la vie de différentes personnes dans mon réseau personnel. Elle tient compte du contexte postmoderne du vécu de l’intimité, caractérisé par des relations plus flexibles et une multiplication des modèles (Allan, 2008 ; Stacey, 1991). J’y problématise l’intimité sous l’angle des tensions qui émergent dans notre expérience quotidienne par rapport aux normes et aux idéaux d’intimité. M’inspirant de la pensée queer, j’aborde l’intimité d’un point de vue critique, à partir de plusieurs auteures (notamment Berlant, 2000 et Butler, 2002) qui remettent en question les normes d’une intimité durable, associée notamment à l’amour familial et un idéal communicationnel de dévoilement de soi. L’expérience personnelle constitue alors un lieu où des tensions s’expriment et peuvent être saisies, un lieu qui est un point de départ pour développer une critique nuancée. L’ethnographie que j’ai réalisée auprès de gens dans la vingtaine et la trentaine a mobilisé un ensemble de méthodes : observation, réflexivité, entrevues individuelles et de groupes avec treize personnes, méthodes visuelles (création de schémas et de dessins). Ancrée en communication, elle constitue une recherche transdisciplinaire qui mobilise notamment des études sociologiques et des textes critiques. Elle propose un portrait de l’intimité spécifique au Québec et à mon réseau personnel, constitué de petits groupes et de relations dyadiques. Ce réseau est majoritairement composé de jeunes adultes ouverts à certaines intimités non traditionnelles (comme les couples de même sexe) et vivant dans la région métropolitaine de Montréal. Mes analyses explorent d’abord les formes d’intimité caractérisant mon réseau, tant conventionnelles, comme le couple et la famille, que moins conventionnelles, comme le célibat. Ainsi, je me penche sur certaines normes d’intimité, comme celle du couple, en analysant comment elles s’accomplissent, produisent du sens et ont des effets inégaux sur différents sujets. Mes analyses lient des idéaux à des pratiques concrètes et matérielles, notamment l’investissement de l’intimité dans la maison et la propriété privée. Je me tourne également vers certaines formes d’intimité moins souvent abordées, principalement les petits groupes d’amis. J’aborde la communication de manière à décentrer le dévoilement de soi entre deux personnes, souvent perçu comme élément central à l’intimité (Jamieson, 1998), et à prendre en compte les dynamiques de groupe et leurs effets de pouvoir. Ciblant l’idéal de dévoilement, j’analyse en quoi il s’articule à des normes (de couple, familiales, des groupes d’amis) et côtoie différentes autres pratiques communicationnelles comme celles impliquant les médias mobiles et numériques. En guise de discussion finale, je reviens sur les grandes lignes du projet et je développe une réflexion sur les défis posés par la combinaison d’approches critiques et ethnographiques. En somme, la contribution de ma recherche consiste à analyser le vécu de l’intimité en regard de concepts issus d’études culturelles et critiques.

Privacidad e intimidad en las interacciones virtuales

El presente trabajo es una revisión de la literatura de investigación en Ciberpsicología centrada en las categorías de privacidad, intimidad, identidad y vulnerabilidad, y en la forma como estas se desarrollan en las redes sociales virtuales. Los principales hallazgos indicaron que son los jóvenes quienes dedican gran parte de su tiempo a interactuar en dichas redes, y a su vez, dado el manejo que les dan, tienen mayor exposición ante los posibles riesgos de estas, como el matoneo, las conductas auto lesivas, la explotación sexual y los trastornos de la alimentación. Se describen estos riesgos y se proponen posibles soluciones.

Satisfação conjugal e aspectos relacionados: a influência da comunicação, da semelhança de atitudes e da percepção interpessoal

O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar a inter-relação entre Satisfação Conjugal e três aspectos considerados relevantes numa relação diádica: Comunicação, Percepção Interpessoal e Semelhança de Atitudes. Examinou-se, também, a influência de outras variáveis (idade, tempo de casado, auto-estima, renda, escolaridade e filhos) sobre Satisfação Conjugal. Pretendeu-se, além disso, verificar, em nosso ambiente cultural, a pertinência de alguns resultados obtidos pela Dr. Susan Singer Hendrick em estudo semelhante conduzido nos Estados Unidos. Através da análise histórica do casamento e dos fatores a ele associados foi proposto um modelo capaz de avaliar Satisfação Conjugal e a importância relativa de cada fenômeno a ela relacionado. Foi examinado, sucintamente, como Satisfação Conjugal pode ser considerada sob o enfoque de duas teorias: a da Troca e a da Equidade. Apresentou-se, na parte relativa ao referencial teórico, uma revisão dos estudos que buscaram comprovar o relacionamento de Satisfação Conjugal com cada uma das variáveis do estudo. No capítulo referente ao objeto do estudo, mais precisamente na formulação do problema, buscou-se mostrar a possível existência de uma relação integrada e conjunta entre as três variáveis e Satisfação Conjugal. Não se tem notícia de trabalho semelhante conduzido em nosso país, daí seu caráter pioneiro. A verificação da formulação teórica proposta efetuou-se através de uma pesquisa de campo, com base em dados de uma amostra de quarenta e oito casais de diversas idades, profissões, níveis de escolaridade, etc. e residentes no município do Rio de Janeiro. Os resultados alcançados apontaram Percepção Interpessoal e Auto-estima como as variáveis de maior importância relativa. Teve-se, também, a oportunidade de inferir que a mulher, talvez por força de condicionantes sócio-culturais, se coloca numa posição de inferioridade na relação conjugal.

Reflexões sobre a formação clínica fenomenológico-existencial na era da técnica

Phenomenology is the focus of this study for its critique of the limits of positivist science, which guides most of the fields of study including Psychology. The clinical formation process in Psychology courses is especially difficult for students-interns who adopt phenomenology as their clinical framework. Such difficulty is due to the incompatibility between theory provided in Psychology courses a science traditionally based on paradigms of scientism , and the theoretical-methodological proposal adopted by the aforementioned approach. As a backdrop for our study, we carefully examined the thought of philosopher Martin Heidegger, especially the Era of Technique. This contemporary technicism society was studied so that we could understand the socio-cultural status where this formation lies. Thus, we questioned if this panorama upon which Clinical Psychology rests favors the development of a phenomenological attitude and a special look at the meanings of existence, as defined in phenomenological clinical practice. Knowing such limits, our research aimed at understanding the experience of formation of clinical psychologists who take part in internships in the field of phenomenology-existentialism. Such study was, then, a phenomenological-hermeneutic research based on Heideggerian ontology and used a semi-structured interview as access tool. Six students of the UFRN higher-degree Psychology course who were doing their supervised internship in clinical psychology and the referred approach took part in this research. The research revealed that the phenomenological-existential formation phase opens a door to discoveries on the part of the intern that transcend the dimension of the other, for they show a self disclosure while a person in the word. Despite the initial discomforts caused by the course curriculum itself and by the freedom for clinical practice, so characteristic of phenomenology, the narratives demonstrate that such difficulties may start a process of search for new meanings, which show a search for sharpening their practices and for a path in balance with the existence of the other

Student Reactions to Professor Use of Facebook

Mazer, Murphy and Simonds (2007) recently demonstrated that high self-disclosure, compared to low self-disclosure, on a fictitious professor's Facebook profile was related to students' expectations of a positive classroom environment and high levels of motivation. These findings raise the question of whether all types of self-disclosure would have the same effect. This study examined college students' perceptions of specific ways that professors might use Facebook. We created six Facebook profiles for a fictitious male professor, each with a specific emphasis: Republican, Democrat, religious, family- oriented, socially oriented, or professional only. While viewing a printed version of one of the randomly distributed profiles, participants responded to questions that assessed their perceptions of the professors' teaching ability, classroom demeanor and appropriateness of self-disclosure, as well as their own Facebook use. Students responded most negatively, but sometimes with greatest interest, to professors' posting of social and political information. Appropriate use of Facebook, including professional and family information, increased students' respect for the professor and his classroom. These findings could be very helpful in guiding professor Facebook use.

Il corpo e l'individuo tra proprietà ed autodeterminazione. Con particolare riferimento al fenomeno delle biobanche

La bioetica è il luogo ideale per cercare risposte ai grandi interrogativi concernenti la vita, la morte e la cura dell'essere umano. I recenti dibattiti sull'uso, ed il temuto abuso, del corpo umano in medicina hanno messo in evidenza la necessità di una discussione approfondita sul potere di scelta che l'individuo può esercitare sulla propria mente e sul proprio corpo. Spinta dal desidero di indagare l'estensione di tale potere di scelta ho voluto analizzare le tematiche riguardanti “il corpo”, “l'individuo”, “la proprietà” e “l'autodeterminazione”. L'analisi è stata condotta individuando alcuni dei differenti significati che questi termini assumono nei diversi ambiti che la bioetica lambisce e mostrando, in particolare, la visione di tale realtà attraverso le lenti del giurista. A chi appartiene il corpo? Chi ha il potere di decidere su di esso? Il potere di scelta valica gli antichi i confini legati al corpo del paziente e coinvolge tessuti, organi e cellule staccati dal corpo umano, parti che un tempo erano considerati scarti operatori sono oggi divenuti tesori inestimabili per la ricerca. L'importanza assunta dai campioni biologici ha portato alla creazione di biobanche nelle quali sono raccolti, catalogati e il DNA studiato in campioni biologici Le biobanche riflettono le tensioni della bioetica e del biodititto. Lo studio delle biobanche riguarda, tra l'altro, la riceca dell'equilibrio tra le diverse esigenze meritevoli di tutela: in primo luogo il diritto alla privacy, diritto a che le “proprie informazioni” non vengano divulgate ed il diritto a non essere discriminato ed in secondo luogo le necessità dettate dalla ricerca e dalla scienza medica. Nel 2009 la rivista Times messo biobanche tra le 10 idee in grado di cambiare il mondo anche in considarazione della medicina personalizzata e del fatto che costituiscono una la speranza per la ricerca contro le malattie attuali e future.

Online social networks: why we disclose

On online social networks such as Facebook, massive self-disclosure by users has attracted the attention of industry players and policymakers worldwide. Despite the impressive scope of this phenomenon, very little is understood about what motivates users to disclose personal information. Integrating focus group results into a theoretical privacy calculus framework, we develop and empirically test a Structural Equation Model of self-disclosure with 259 subjects. We find that users are primarily motivated to disclose information because of the convenience of maintaining and developing relationships and platform enjoyment. Countervailing these benefits, privacy risks represent a critical barrier to information disclosure. However, users’ perception of risk can be mitigated by their trust in the network provider and availability of control options. Based on these findings, we offer recommendations for network providers.

Privacy concerns and identity in online social networks

Driven by privacy-related fears, users of Online Social Networks may start to reduce their network activities. This trend can have a negative impact on network sustainability and its business value. Nevertheless, very little is understood about the privacy-related concerns of users and the impact of those concerns on identity performance. To close this gap, we take a systematic view of user privacy concerns on such platforms. Based on insights from focus groups and an empirical study with 210 subjects, we find that (i) Organizational Threats and (ii) Social Threats stemming from the user environment constitute two underlying dimensions of the construct “Privacy Concerns in Online Social Networks”. Using a Structural Equation Model, we examine the impact of the identified dimensions of concern on the Amount, Honesty, and Conscious Control of individual self-disclosure on these sites. We find that users tend to reduce the Amount of information disclosed as a response to their concerns regarding Organizational Threats. Additionally, users become more conscious about the information they reveal as a result of Social Threats. Network providers may want to develop specific mechanisms to alleviate identified user concerns and thereby ensure network sustainability.

Privacy Calculus on Social Networking Sites: Explorative Evidence from Germany and USA

Worldwide social networks, like Facebook, face fierce competition from local platforms when expanding globally. To remain attractive social network providers need to encourage user self-disclosure. Yet, little research exists on how cultural differences impact selfdisclosure on these platforms. Addressing this gap, this study explores the differences in perceptions of disclosure-relevant determinants between German and US users. Survey of Facebook members indicates that German users expect more damage and attribute higher probability to privacy-related violations. On the other hand, even though American users show higher level of privacy concern, they extract more benefits from their social networking activities, have more trust in the service provider and legal assurances as well as perceive more control. These factors may explain a higher level of self-disclosure indicated by American users. Our results provide relevant insights for the social network providers who can adjust their expansion strategy with regard to cultural differences.

The process of sharing social support in cyberspace

Mutual support is an interactional communication process. Taking an interactional approach to support requires group participants be viewed not only as targets and recipients but also as sources and providers of various types of support. An analysis was performed on the interactions of a group listserv and model of online interactional support. The aim was to explore the communication process children follow. The analysis revealed self-disclosure was used in the support group in three distinct ways. Its function for the support recipient is to initiate a transactional relationship with another member for the purpose of attracting social support through the open expression of concerns and frustrations. It is then used by the support provider to demonstrate that coping is possible for the recipient through the reciprocal self-disclosure of similar concerns and situations with which the member has successfully dealt. The third use of self-disclosure was to share reciprocal social companionship relationships.

From art for arts sake to art as means of knowing:a rationale for advancing arts-based methods in research, practice and pedagogy

This paper advances a philosophically informed rationale for the broader, reflexive and practical application of arts-based methods to benefit research, practice and pedagogy. It addresses the complexity and diversity of learning and knowing, foregrounding a cohabitative position and recognition of a plurality of research approaches, tailored and responsive to context. Appreciation of art and aesthetic experience is situated in the everyday, underpinned by multi-layered exemplars of pragmatic visual-arts narrative inquiry undertaken in the third, creative and communications sectors. Discussion considers semi-guided use of arts-based methods as a conduit for topic engagement, reflection and intersubjective agreement; alongside observation and interpretation of organically employed approaches used by participants within daily norms. Techniques span handcrafted (drawing), digital (photography), hybrid (cartooning), performance dimensions (improvised installations) and music (metaphor and structure). The process of creation, the artefact/outcome produced and experiences of consummation are all significant, with specific reflexivity impacts. Exploring methodology and epistemology, both the "doing" and its interpretation are explicated to inform method selection, replication, utility, evaluation and development of cross-media skills literacy. Approaches are found engaging, accessible and empowering, with nuanced capabilities to alter relationships with phenomena, experiences and people. By building a discursive space that reduces barriers; emancipation, interaction, polyphony, letting-go and the progressive unfolding of thoughts are supported, benefiting ways of knowing, narrative (re)construction, sensory perception and capacities to act. This can also present underexplored researcher risks in respect to emotion work, self-disclosure, identity and agenda. The paper therefore elucidates complex, intricate relationships between form and content, the represented and the representation or performance, researcher and participant, and the self and other. This benefits understanding of phenomena including personal experience, sensitive issues, empowerment, identity, transition and liminality. Observations are relevant to qualitative and mixed methods researchers and a multidisciplinary audience, with explicit identification of challenges, opportunities and implications.

Imagined intergroup contact facilitates intercultural communication for college students on academic exchange programs

Imagined intergroup contact (Crisp & Turner, 2009) is a new cognitive intervention designed to improve intergroup relations. In two studies, we examined whether it could also facilitate intercultural communication among international students and host country natives engaged in a college exchange program. In Study 1, international students who had recently arrived in Italy and participated in an imagined contact session displayed increased self-disclosure toward, and improved evaluation of, host country natives. In Study 2, Italian students mentally simulated positive contact with an unknown native from the host country prior to leaving for the exchange. Results from an online questionnaire administered on their return (on average, more than 7 months after the imagery task) revealed that participants who imagined contact reported spending more time with natives during the stay and enhanced outgroup evaluation, via reduced intergroup anxiety. Implications for enhancing the quality and effectiveness of college student exchange programs are discussed.

Promoting faculty professionalism: a case-based approach.

INTRODUCTION: Professionalism is a key attribute for health professionals. Yet, it is unknown how much faculty development is directed toward skills and behaviours of faculty professionalism. Faculty professionalism includes boundaries in teacher-student relationships, self-reflection, assuring one's own fitness for duty, and maintaining confidentiality when appropriate. METHODS: For five years, we have incorporated faculty professionalism as a routine agenda item for the monthly Physician Assistant Programme faculty meetings, allowing faculty members to introduce issues they are comfortable sharing or have questions about. We also have case discussions of faculty professionalism within faculty meetings every three months. RESULTS: Faculty professionalism is important in the daily work lives of faculty members and including this as part of routine agendas verifies its importance. A faculty survey showed that a majority look forward to the quarterly faculty professionalism case discussions. These have included attempted influence in the admissions process, student/faculty social boundaries, civic professionalism, students requesting medical advice, and self-disclosure. CONCLUSION: A preventive approach works better than a reactionary approach to faculty missteps in professionalism. Routine discussion of faculty professionalism normalizes the topic and is helpful to both new and experienced faculty members. We recommend incorporation of faculty professionalism as a regular agenda item in faculty meetings.

Living Adolescence in Family" parenting program: adaptation and implementation in social and school contexts

Adolescence is a developmental period that implies a series of rapid changes that might complicate the role of parents. This study evaluates changes in parental monitoring and the strategies to solve family conflicts reported by parents who participated in the "Living Adolescence in Family" program in local social services and school centers. In addition, the study analyses the moderating role of family and facilitator variables that may affect the final results. The participants were 697 parents attending the social services (438 in the intervention group and 259 in the control group) and 1283 parents from school centers (880 in the intervention group and 403 in the control group). The results showed that families from local social services decreased the amount of control and improved monitoring in education and leisure spheres as well as self-disclosure whereas the families coming from school centers improved supervision in leisure and in self-disclosure. In addition, both groups of families improved their strategies for solving family conflicts, increasing the use of integrative strategies and decreasing the use of dominant strategies. There were differences across contexts: the results of the program in the social services context differed according to the participant and professional profiles whereas program results were more homogeneous in the school context. In sum, the program appears to be an efficient work tool, both for the professionals who work with at-risk families with adolescents and for the teachers who make use of the program for families with children at risk of early school dropout.